Text (literary theory)

A text, within literary theory, is a coherent set of symbols that transmits some kind of informative message.^{[citation needed]} This set of symbols is considered in terms of the informative message's content, rather than in terms of its physical form or the medium in which it is represented. In the most basic terms established by structuralist criticism, therefore, a "text" is any object that can be "read," whether this object is a work of literature, a street sign, an arrangement of buildings on a city block, or styles of clothing.

Within the field of literary criticism, "text" also refers to the original information content of a particular piece of writing; that is, the "text" of a work is that primal symbolic arrangement of letters as originally composed, apart from later alterations, deterioration, commentary, translations, paratext, etc. Therefore, when literary criticism is concerned with the determination of a "text," it is concerned with the distinguishing of the original information content from whatever has been added to or subtracted from that content as it appears in a given textual document (that is, a physical representation of text).

Since the history of writing predates the concept of the "text", most texts were not written with this concept in mind. Most written works fall within a narrow range of the types described by text theory. The concept of "text" becomes relevant if/when a "coherent written message is completed and needs to be referred to independently of the circumstances in which it was created."^{[citation needed]}

Origin of the term

The word text has its origins in Quintilian's book on speeches, with the statement that "after you have chosen your words, they must be weaved together into a fine and delicate fabric", with the Latin for fabric being textum.

Further reading

• Peter Barry. Beginning Theory: an Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory. ISBN 0-7190-6268-3.
• Jonathan Culler. (1997) Literary Theory: a Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-285383-X.
• Terry Eagleton. Literary Theory: an Introduction. ISBN 0-8166-1251-X.
• Terry Eagleton. After Theory. ISBN 0-465-01773-8.
• Jean-Michel Rabaté. The Future of Theory. ISBN 0-631-23013-0.
• The Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism. ISBN 0-8018-4560-2.
• Modern Criticism and Theory: a Reader. Ed. David Lodge and Nigel Wood. 2nd Ed. ISBN 0-582-31287-6
• Theory's Empire: an Anthology of Dissent. Ed. Daphne Patai and Will H. Corral. ISBN 0-231-13417-7.
• Bakhtin, M. M. (1981) The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Ed. Michael Holquist. Trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist. Austin and London: University of Texas Press.