In taxonomy, the Thaumarchaeota (from the Greek 'thaumas', meaning wonder) are a newly-proposed phylum of the Archaea, containing so far four species, Nitrosopumilus maritimus, Cenarchaeum symbiosum, Nitrososphaera viennensis,[1] and Nitrososphaera gargensis.[2] All organisms of this lineage discovered so far are chemolithoautotrophic ammonia-oxidizers and may play important roles in biogeochemical cycles, such as the nitrogen cycle and the carbon cycle.
The phylum was proposed in 2008 based on phylogenetic data, such as the sequences of these organisms' ribosomal RNA genes, and the presence of a form of type I topoisomerase that was previously thought to be unique to the eukaryotes.[2][3] This assignment was confirmed by further analysis published in 2010 that examined the genomes of the ammonia-oxidizing archaea Nitrosopumilus maritimus and Nitrososphaera gargensis concluded that these species form a distinct lineage that includes Cenarchaeum symbiosum, which was the first member of the Thaumarchaeota to be described.[4]
[edit] Phylogeny
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [5] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[6] and the phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 by The All-Species Living Tree Project [7]
Notes:
♠ Strain found at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) but not listed in the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)
[edit] References
- ^ Tourna, Maria; Stieglmeier, Michaela; Spang, Anja; Könneke, Martin; Schintlmeister, Arno; Urich, Tim; Engel, Marion; Schloter, Michael et al (2011). "Nitrososphaera viennensis, an ammonia oxidizing archaeon from soil". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108 (20): 8420–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.1013488108. PMC 3100973. PMID 21525411. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3100973.
- ^ a b Brochier-Armanet, Céline; Boussau, Bastien; Gribaldo, Simonetta; Forterre, Patrick (2008). "Mesophilic crenarchaeota: Proposal for a third archaeal phylum, the Thaumarchaeota". Nature Reviews Microbiology 6 (3): 245–52. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1852. PMID 18274537.
- ^ Brochier-Armanet, Céline; Gribaldo, Simonetta; Forterre, Patrick (2008). "A DNA topoisomerase IB in Thaumarchaeota testifies for the presence of this enzyme in the last common ancestor of Archaea and Eucarya". Biology Direct 3: 54. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-3-54. PMC 2621148. PMID 19105819. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2621148.
- ^ Spang, Anja; Hatzenpichler, Roland; Brochier-Armanet, Céline; Rattei, Thomas; Tischler, Patrick; Spieck, Eva; Streit, Wolfgang; Stahl, David A. et al (2010). "Distinct gene set in two different lineages of ammonia-oxidizing archaea supports the phylum Thaumarchaeota". Trends in Microbiology 18 (8): 331–40. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2010.06.003. PMID 20598889.
- ^ J.P. Euzéby. "Thaumarchaeota". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [1]. http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/classifphyla.html#Thaumarchaeota. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
- ^ Sayers et al.. "Thaumarchaeota". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database [2]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=651137&lvl=3&lin. Retrieved 2011-06-05.
- ^ All-Species Living Tree Project."16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 (full tree)". Silva Comprehensive Ribosomal RNA Database [3]. http://www.arb-silva.de/fileadmin/silva_databases/living_tree/LTP_release_106/LTPs106_SSU_tree.pdf. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
