The Carpenters

This article is about the American pop duo. For their third studio album, see Carpenters (album). For other uses, see Carpenter (disambiguation).

Carpenters
Karen and Richard Carpenter, at the White House on August 1, 1972.
Background information
Origin	Los Angeles, California, United States
Genres	Pop, soft rock, adult contemporary
Years active	1969–1983
Labels	A&M
Associated acts	The Richard Carpenter Trio
Website	richardandkarencarpenter.com
Past members
Karen Carpenter Richard Carpenter

Carpenters were an American vocal and instrumental duo, consisting of sister Karen and brother Richard Carpenter. The Carpenters were the #1 selling American music act of the 1970s. Though often referred to by the public as "The Carpenters", the duo's official name on authorized recordings and press materials is simply Carpenters, without the definite article. During a period in the 1970s when louder and wilder rock was in great demand, Richard and Karen produced a distinctively soft musical style that made them among the best-selling music artists of all time.

Carpenters' melodic pop produced a record-breaking run of hit recordings on the American Top 40 and Adult Contemporary charts, and they became leading sellers in the soft rock, easy listening and adult contemporary genres. Carpenters had three #1 singles on the Billboard Hot 100 and fifteen #1 hits on the Adult Contemporary Chart (see The Carpenters discography). In addition, they had twelve top 10 singles (including their #1 hits). To date, Carpenters' album and single sales total more than 100 million units.

During their 14-year career, the Carpenters recorded 11 albums, five of which contained top 10 singles (Close to You, Carpenters, A Song for You, Now & Then and Horizon), thirty-one singles, five television specials, and one short-lived television series. They toured in the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, the Netherlands and Belgium. Their recording career ended with Karen's death in 1983 from cardiac arrest following complications of anorexia nervosa. Extensive news coverage of the circumstances surrounding her death increased public awareness of the consequences of eating disorders.

Musical and lyrical style

One of the elements that made the music of the Carpenters distinctive was Karen's use of her low register. Though present in jazz and country music, there were few contralto singers in popular music at the time. However, Karen did have a wide vocal range that spanned about three octaves. Richard's voice was said to be very complementary to that of Karen's.

Although Karen had great upper range to her voice, the duo never realized it until they started experimenting with material that ended up not making it onto albums such as Horizon, Passage or Made in America for which they were recorded. However these various experiments are unearthed on albums such as Voice of the Heart, Lovelines and As Time Goes By, many for the first time since their original recording date for all the world to marvel at.

As a result of a decided lack of enthusiasm all around for Karen's "head voice", they mostly concentrated on her lower range, i.e. "chest voice" (or her "basement", as Karen called it). "Both Karen and I felt the magic was in her 'chest voice' (a.k.a. 'basement'). There is no comparison in terms of richness in sound, so I wasn't about to highlight the upper voice", states Richard in the "Fans Ask" section of the Carpenters' official website.

Because Karen's magic was in the "basement", Richard always rearranged cover songs and his own songs in a key that would suit her. Many of the Carpenters' songs are located in the keys of D ("You", "There's a Kind of Hush"), E ("Yesterday Once More"), E flat ("Only Yesterday"), F ("I'll Never Fall in Love Again", "Top of the World"), and G ("And When He Smiles", "Reason to Believe", "For All We Know", "You'll Love Me").

Although he played many keyboard instruments during the band's existence, including grand piano, harpsichord, Hammond organ and synthesizer, Richard is best known as an endorser of Wurlitzer's electric pianos, whose sound he described as "warm" and "beautiful". He would often double his acoustic piano parts with a Wurlitzer in the studio to thicken the sound, creating one of the 1970s' most distinctive keyboard sounds. From the mid-1970s Richard also used Fender Rhodes pianos, often having an acoustic grand as well as both Rhodes and Wurlitzer electric pianos on stage for different songs.

Apart from being a singer, Karen was also an accomplished drummer, and often played the drums on their pre-1974 songs. According to Richard, she considered herself a "drummer who sang". Karen was barely visible behind the drums during live performances. Although unwilling, she and Richard eventually reached a performance compromise: during the ballads she would sing standing and through the lesser known songs she would sit. As the years progressed, demand for Karen's vocals began to overshadow her drumming time, and gradually she played the drums less. By the A Kind of Hush album in 1976, Karen did not play the drums at all.

The Carpenters' arrangements, many done by Richard, are often praised. Most of the arrangements are classical in style, with many strings, and sometimes brass and woodwinds ("Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft" used over 160 singers and musicians). Music critic Daniel Levitin called Richard Carpenter "one of the most gifted arrangers to emerge in popular music."

Pre-Carpenters

Childhood (1946–1964)

The Carpenters were both born on Hall Street in New Haven, Connecticut, to parents Harold and Agnes. Richard Lynn was born on October 15, 1946, and Karen Anne followed on March 2, 1950. Richard was a quiet child who spent most of his time in the house listening to records and playing the piano. Karen, on the other hand, seemed to be friendly and outgoing; she liked to play sports, including softball with the neighborhood kids, but she also spent a lot of time listening to music.

In June 1963, the Carpenter family moved to the Los Angeles suburb of Downey, California. In the fall of 1964, Richard enrolled at Long Beach State, now known as California State University, Long Beach, where he met future songwriting partner John Bettis, with whom he would write classics like "Top of the World", "Goodbye to Love", and "Only Yesterday"; Wesley Jacobs, a friend who played the bass and tuba for the Richard Carpenter Trio; and Frank Pooler, with whom Richard would collaborate to create the Christmas standard "Merry Christmas Darling" in 1966.

That same fall, Karen enrolled at Downey High School, where she found she had a knack for playing the drums. When Karen joined the marching band, band teacher Bruce Gifford (who had taught Richard in 1963) assigned Karen a glockenspiel, a quiet instrument that Karen highly disliked. In an interview, Karen stated:

I didn't really like it (the glockenspiel) because it's not a very convenient instrument to play, and it's hard to carry.... It's always a quarter-step sharp to the band, which used to drive me crazy!

Shortly after, though, friend and fellow band member Frankie Chavez inspired Carpenter to play the drums. Karen would often borrow Chavez's drum kit when he taught her. "She and Frankie ... must have worked down the rudiments, the cadences, and the press-rolls for hours", recalls Richard. When Karen finally got a Ludwig drum kit from her parents in late 1964, she was able to play it professionally, in what Richard had described in their documentary, Close to You: Remembering the Carpenters as "exotic time signatures".

The Richard Carpenter Trio and Spectrum (1965–1968)

By 1965, Karen had been practicing the drums for a year, and Richard was refining his piano techniques with teacher Frank Pooler. The two started a jazz trio in late 1965 with their friend Wes Jacobs, who played bass and tuba.

The Richard Carpenter Trio signed up for the annual Hollywood Bowl Battle of the Bands in mid-1966, where they played an instrumental version of "The Girl from Ipanema" and their own "Iced Tea". The trio won the Battle of the Bands on June 24, 1966, and they were signed up by RCA Records. They recorded songs such as The Beatles' "Every Little Thing" and Frank Sinatra's "Strangers in the Night" for RCA. However, these recordings were never released (although some tracks were released decades later as part of a boxed set of Carpenters material.)

Later in 1966, Karen tagged along at a late-night session in the garage studio of Los Angeles bassist Joe Osborn, and joined future Carpenters collaborator and lyricist John Bettis at a demo session where Richard was to accompany an auditioning trumpet player. Asked to sing, Karen performed for Osborn, who was so bowled over with her voice that he said `Never mind the trumpet player; this chubby little girl can sing.'

Osborn then signed Karen by herself as a singer to his fledgling label, Magic Lamp Records, and the label put out a single featuring two of Richard's compositions, "Looking for Love" and "I'll Be Yours." The single was not a hit however, and the label soon became defunct. However, Osborn let Karen and Richard continue to use his studio to record demo tapes until 1969, when they finally got an offer from A&M Records.

In 1967, Richard and Karen teamed up with four other student musicians from Long Beach State to form a band called "Spectrum". The group often performed at the Whisky a Go Go. Spectrum member John Bettis worked with the Carpenters until Karen's death in 1983, composing many songs with Richard.

In 1968, Spectrum disbanded, and the Richard Carpenter Trio's Wes Jacobs left for the Detroit Symphony Orchestra. Jacobs, who played both the bass and the tuba, would eventually become the symphony's Principal Tubist in 1970. Richard and Karen received an offer to be on the television program Your All American College Show in mid-1968. Their June 22, 1968 performance was Richard's and Karen's first television appearance.

Richard and Karen sent their demo tapes to many record labels until A&M Records' co-owner and trumpeter/vocalist Herb Alpert (who happened to be a friend of a friend of their mother's) became attracted to their distinct sound. Alpert was Richard's and Karen's lucky break, and his decision would change their lives.

Carpenters (1969–1983)

Richard and Karen Carpenter signed to A&M Records on April 22, 1969, under the name "Carpenters". Since Karen was technically underage (she was 19 at the time), her parents had to co-sign for her. Richard and Karen had decided to sign as "Carpenters", without the definite article. In the album notes for their 2004 release, Carpenters Gold: 35th Anniversary Edition, Richard stated:

After much thought, we decided to name the act "Carpenters" (No "The"; we thought it sounded hipper without it, like Buffalo Springfield or Jefferson Airplane.)

Offering (Ticket to Ride) (1969)

When Richard and Karen Carpenter signed to A&M Records, they were given carte blanche in the recording studio. Their debut album, entitled Offering released in 1969, featured a number of songs that Richard had written or co-written during their Spectrum period. However, the most significant track on the album was a ballad rendition of The Beatles hit "Ticket to Ride", which soon became a minor hit for Carpenters, peaking at #54 on the Billboard Hot 100 and the Top 20 of the Adult Contemporary chart. In an effort to cash in on the success of that track, Offering was repackaged with a different cover under the name Ticket to Ride in 1970.

Close to You (1970)

Despite the lukewarm chart performance of "Ticket to Ride", Richard and Karen persevered and finally achieved success with the Burt Bacharach/Hal David song "(They Long To Be) Close To You", which was released in 1970. It debuted at #56, the highest debut of the week ending June 20, 1970. It rose to #1 on July 25, 1970, and stayed on top of the Billboard Hot 100 for four weeks.

Shortly afterward, Richard had seen a television commercial for Crocker National Bank featuring a song entitled "We've Only Just Begun" written by Paul Williams and Roger Nichols. Richard realized the song's hit potential when he heard it on television and three months after "(They Long To Be) Close To You" reached #1, Carpenters' version of "We've Only Just Begun" reached #2 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song became the first hit single for Williams and Nichols and is considered by Richard Carpenter to be the group's "signature" tune."

"Close to You" and "We've Only Just Begun" became RIAA Certified Gold Singles and were featured on the best-selling album Close To You, which is placed #175 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.

The duo rounded out the year with the holiday release of "Merry Christmas Darling". The single scored high on the holiday charts in 1970 and made repeated appearances on the holiday charts in subsequent years. In 1978, feeling she could give a more mature treatment to the tune, Karen re-cut the vocal for their Christmas TV special and the song became a hit all over again.

Carpenters and A Song for You (1971–1972)

A string of hit singles and albums kept Carpenters on the charts through the early 1970s. Their 1971 hit "For All We Know" was originally recorded in 1970, by Larry Meredith, for a wedding scene in the movie Lovers and Other Strangers. Upon hearing it in the movie theatre, Richard realized its potential and subsequently recorded it in the autumn of 1970. The track became Carpenters' third gold single.

The duo's fourth gold single "Rainy Days and Mondays" became Williams' and Nichols' second major single with Carpenters, peaking at #2 on the Billboard Hot 100, kept from the top slot only because of Carole King's "It's Too Late". According to Ray Coleman, well-known music industry journalist and biographer, "Rainy Days and Mondays" is arguably one of Carpenters' most popular tracks.

"Superstar" written by Delaney Bramlett and Leon Russell became another Carpenters classic and is acclaimed for Karen's "haunting" vocals on the song. The title never appears in the lyrics. Richard modified the original lyric of "And I can hardly wait to sleep with you again," to "And I can hardly wait to be with you again." The song is often described as "poignant". The record became the duo's third #2 single on the Billboard Hot 100. Their eponymous album, entitled Carpenters was released in 1971. It became one of their best-selling albums, earning RIAA certification for platinum four times. It won a Grammy Award for Carpenters, as well as three other nominations.

"Goodbye to Love" is the title to an unheard magnum opus in the 1940 Bing Crosby movie Rhythm on the River. Crosby played a songwriter trying to come up with a song called "Goodbye to Love." Although the song's title was mentioned several times in the movie, no such song ever existed. Richard Carpenter happened to see this movie on late-night television one night and decided that it was a great title. He and Bettis wrote the song on a Learjet for his sister Karen to sing. The song was Carpenters' third hit single in 1972, peaking at #7.

"Goodbye to Love" starts off slowly with Karen singing softly a cappella, then builds up to an intense electric guitar solo in the middle. The second verse starts off calmly, then builds up again to a blistering drum and electric guitar fade-out. The fuzz-guitar solo was played by lead guitarist Tony Peluso, who was called personally by Karen herself and asked to play on the song, thereby launching the genre which would come to be known as the power ballad^{[citation needed]}. Peluso recalls that, at the time, he thought someone was playing a joke on him when a woman called and said she was Karen Carpenter. Peluso would ultimately be a part of Carpenters until their end in 1983.

"Top of the World" was the group's biggest country hit. Lynn Anderson had heard the album cut version in 1972 and decided to record her own version. Anderson released her version in early 1973; Richard and Karen debated as to whether or not they should release their version on a single. Gil Friesen, an A&M co-worker, argued that they had released too many records from the A Song for You album already ("Hurting Each Other", "It's Going to Take Some Time", "Goodbye to Love", and later, "I Won't Last a Day Without You"). Regardless, they released "Top of the World" as a single in May 1973 in response to the heavy public demand, and it became Carpenters' second Billboard #1 hit, in December 1973.

Now & Then (1973)

Their Now & Then album from 1973 was named by mother Agnes Carpenter. It contained the popular Sesame Street song "Sing" and the reminiscent "Yesterday Once More".

In 1974, Carpenters achieved a massive international hit with an up-tempo remake of Hank Williams's "Jambalaya (On the Bayou)". While the song was not released as a single in the U.S., it reached the top 30 in Japan, sold well in the United Kingdom, and became their biggest hit of all time in the Netherlands. In late 1974, a Christmas single followed, a jazz-influenced rendition of "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town".

The First World Tour (1974)

The Carpenters did not release a new album in 1974. In Richard's words, "there was simply no time to make one. Nor was I in the mood." The duo also had no Hot 100 top 10 hit in 1974. "Top of the World" was at #11 and dropping on 5 January 1974, while "Please Mr. Postman" was at #11 and rising on 28 December 1974. In between these two singles, the pair released just one Hot 100 single, a Paul Williams/Roger Nichols composition called "I Won't Last a Day Without You". Originally recorded as an album track for their 1972 LP, A Song for You, the Carpenters finally decided to release their original two years after its original LP release and some months after Maureen McGovern's 1973 cover. In March 1974, the single version became the fifth and final selection from that album project to chart in the Top 20, reaching #11 on the Hot 100 on 25 May 1974.

The Singles: 1969-1973 (1974)

In place of the new album for 1974, their first greatest hits package this album was released, featuring new remixes of their prior hit singles, some with a newly-recorded lead, and including newly recorded bridges and transition material so that each side of the album would play through with no breaks, giving the album a little bit of a live-concert feel. Some complete songs were recorded in addition to the aforementioned singles, however, as would happen with their non-Christmas songs recorded in 1978, most of these did not see the light of day until after Karen's passing. These songs were included on "Voice of the Heart", "Lovelines", the Carpenters box set From the Top, and their two outtake albums As Time Goes By and Interpretations.

Their first compilation album was entitled The Singles: 1969-1973 and it topped the charts in the U.S. for one week, on 5 January 1974, and it also topped the United Kingdom chart and became one of the best-selling albums of the decade, ultimately selling more than 7 million copies in the U.S. alone. According to Ray Coleman, The Singles: 1969-1973 went to number one on February 9, 1974, and exited #1 sixteen weeks later, on June 1, 1974, because of Rick Wakeman's Journey to the Centre of the Earth.

Horizon (1975)

In 1975, The Carpenters gained another hit with a remake of The Marvelettes' chart-topping Motown classic from 1961, "Please Mr. Postman". Released in late 1974, the song soared to #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in January 1975, becoming the duo's third and final #1 pop single. It also earned Karen and Richard their record-setting twelfth million-selling gold single in America.

Richard Carpenter's and John Bettis's song "Only Yesterday" followed "Please Mr. Postman", and peaked at #4. Carpenter and Bettis did not believe that "Only Yesterday" would become a hit single, and bet against Roger Young that it would not enter the top 5. They each lost a thousand dollars to Young.^{[citation needed]}

Both singles appeared on their 1975 LP Horizon, which also included covers of The Eagles' "Desperado" and Neil Sedaka's "Solitaire", which became a moderate hit for the duo that year. Horizon was certified platinum, but owing to the disc's late release (after the second single was already dropping off the charts), it was their first album to fall short of multi-platinum status. Rolling Stone reviewer Stephen Holden acclaimed Horizon, calling it "the Carpenters' most musically sophisticated album to date."

The Carpenters were among the first American recording acts to produce music videos to promote their records. In early 1975, they filmed a performance of "Please Mr. Postman" at Disneyland as well as "Only Yesterday" at the Huntington Gardens.

A Kind of Hush and Passage (1976–1977)

Their subsequent album A Kind of Hush, released on June 11, 1976, achieved gold status, but again owing to its late release, became the first Carpenters album not to become a platinum certified record since Ticket to Ride seven years earlier. Their singles releases in 1976 were successful, but at this time, contemporary hit radio was moving forward with changing musical styles, which ultimately made the careers of most "soft" groups like Carpenters suffer.^{[citation needed]} The duo's biggest pop single that year was a cover of Herman's Hermits' "There's a Kind of Hush (All Over the World)", which peaked at #12 on the Billboard Hot 100. "I Need to Be in Love" (allegedly Karen's favorite song by Carpenters)^{[citation needed]} charted at #25 on the Billboard Hot 100. However, it followed "There's a Kind of Hush" to the top spot on the Adult Contemporary charts and became the duo's 14th #1 Adult Contemporary hit, far and away more than any other act in the history of the chart.

The disco craze was in full swing by 1977, and adult-appeal "easy listening" artists like Carpenters were getting less airplay. Their experimental album, Passage, released in 1977, marked an attempt to broaden their appeal by venturing into other musical genres. The album featured an unlikely mix of Jazz-fusion ("B'wana She No Home"), calypso ("Man Smart, Woman Smarter"), and orchestrated balladry ("I Just Fall in Love Again", "Two Sides"), and included the hits, "All You Get from Love Is a Love Song", "Sweet, Sweet Smile", and "Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft". The most notable tracks included cover versions of "Don't Cry for Me, Argentina" (from the rock opera Evita) and Klaatu's "Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft (the Recognized Anthem of World Contact Day)", both complete with choral and orchestral accompaniment. Ironically the latter song predated the release of Steven Spielberg's film Close Encounters of the Third Kind by one month. Although the single release of "Calling Occupants" became a minor hit in the United Kingdom, peaking at number 32 on the U.S. pop charts, for the first time a Carpenters album did not reach the gold threshold of 500,000 copies shipped in the United States. The Carpenters' music videos of "All You Get from Love Is a Love Song" and "Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft" for the Passage album can be seen on the DVD Gold: Greatest Hits. In early 1978, they scored a surprise Top 10 country hit with the up-tempo, fiddle-sweetened "Sweet, Sweet Smile", written by country-pop singer Juice Newton and her longtime musical partner Otha Young.

The Singles: 1974-1978 (1978)

In place of a new album for 1978, a second compilation, The Singles: 1974-1978, was released however, only in the UK. Meanwhile, in the United States, their first holiday album, Christmas Portrait, proved to be an exception to their faltering career at home and became a seasonal favorite, returning Karen and Richard to platinum status.

During the sessions, several non-holiday songs were also recorded such as Where Do I Go From Here, Slow Dance, and Honolulu City Lights, most of which would not see the light of day until after Karen's passing as a part of numerous albums made up of outtakes.

Brief hiatus, Made in America and Karen's final days

Richard sought treatment for his addiction to quaaludes at a Topeka, Kansas, facility for six weeks starting in January 1979. He then decided to take the rest of the year off for relaxation and rehabilitation. Richard first sought refuge at the home of his bandmate Gary Sims, before moving into the apparent anonymity of one of their apartment blocks bought at the outset of their career. Richard would live there for the next seven years; during Karen's treatment in New York and after her death. Karen, at this point neither wanting to take a break from singing nor seek help for her anorexia, decided to pursue a solo album project with renowned producer Phil Ramone in New York. The choice of maverick record producer Ramone and more adult-oriented and disco/dance-tempo material represented an effort to retool her image. By spring 1980, the album was finished and the customary playback for record executives was booked. The album had already been assigned a catalogue number and new artwork, including photos of Karen taken for the cover. Staff at A&M were prepared for its release and it was being talked up as a summer blockbuster for the label. Reaction to an earlier playback in New York had been optimistic, with champagne flowing and an ecstatic Karen jumping up and down. Playback in California, for Richard and A&M Executives met with a very different reaction. Song after song, the room was silent and the subsequent decision from the executives was unanimous: it had to be cancelled. Karen was devastated at their reaction. A&M Records confirmed that the debt for its production (more than half a million dollars) would be charged against Carpenters' future royalties.

Karen proceeded with plans to record a new album with her brother, who had now recovered from his addiction and was ready to continue their career. Karen's solo album Karen Carpenter,unreleased until October 1996. Four of its tracks, "Lovelines", "If We Try", "Remember When Lovin' Took All Night" and "If I Had You",were remixed by Richard on their third posthumous album Lovelines. "If I Had You" was released as a single and reached the Top 20 on the Adult Contemporary chart. Two further tracks were released to fans on the duo's box set 'From The Top'.

The Carpenters produced their final television special in 1980, called Music, Music, Music!, with guest stars Ella Fitzgerald, Suzanne Somers, and John Davidson. However, ABC were not happy with their special as it was music from start to finish, unlike the previous specials which included sketch-based comedy. ABC felt it was too much like a PBS program.

On June 16, 1981, the Carpenters released what would become their final LP as a duo, Made in America. The album sold around 200,000 copies before Karen's death in 1983 however, it did spawn a final top 20 pop single, the romantic "Touch Me When We're Dancing", which reached #16 on the Hot 100. It also became their fifteenth number one Adult Contemporary hit. Promotion for the album included a whistle-stop tour of America, Brazil and Europe, preceded by a disastrous live appearance for a Japanese Telethon event, filmed outdoors on the lot of A&M in August 1981. During their segment (the last of the show), the playback audio cut out midway through their performance of 'Touch Me When We're Dancing'. The ensuing scenes along with Karen's furious reaction, left it obvious to viewers that the whole band had been miming. Three further singles from the album failed to ignite the charts, with its final selection 'Beechwood 4-5789' being released on Karen's birthday on March 2, 1982.

Karen was already battling personal problems by this time. After a whirlwind romance, Karen married real estate developer Thomas James Burris in a lavish wedding held in the Crystal Room of the Beverly Hills Hotel on August 31, 1980. A new song performed by Karen at the ceremony, "Because We Are in Love", surfaced in 1981 on Made in America (as well as the B-side of "Touch Me When We're Dancing"). By late 1981 her weight was very low. The music videos produced to promote the Made in America album were ample evidence that Karen was now seriously ill. Karen's husband Tom Burris had also requested money from Karen; demanding sums of up to $30,000 from her to keep his business dealings afloat. Although he knew Karen's wish to start a family, Tom had also deliberately concealed his vasectomy, which he had gotten before they met. Karen found out just days before their wedding. When Karen phoned her mother in distress, Karen's mother replied, "The invites have gone out, People Magazine is going to be there. You made your bed, now you have to lie in it. You will walk down that aisle."

By November 1981, Karen's marriage reached a breaking point and after a family dinner, Karen and Tom returned to her parents' home in Downey. After a heated row, Tom announced to her parents "You can keep her," and stormed out. Shortly after, Karen resolved to deal with her eating disorder and sought therapy with noted psychotherapist Steven Levenkron in New York City. Attending therapy sessions for an hour a day, Karen attempted to deal with her problem, but it was already evident that her anorexia had taken its toll. On one occasion, Karen admitted to her therapist that she was ingesting up to 100 laxatives a day. Levenkron also found out she was taking ten times the normal daily dose of thyroid medication, despite having a normal thyroid, in order to speed up her metabolism. In September 1982, she called her therapist to say her heart was beating 'funny' and she felt dizzy and confused. Admitting herself into hospital, Karen was hooked up to an intravenous drip and had 30 pounds to gain. By November 1982, Karen left the hospital. Despite pleas from family and friends, she announced that she was returning home to California and that she was cured. Karen's last public appearance was in December, when she sang Christmas songs at her godparents' school in Sherman Oaks, California.

Between November 1982 and February 1983, family and friends concluded Karen still wasn't well. Richard insisted that although she had marvellous, big brown eyes, there was no life left in them. Raising the alarm to their long term advisor Werner Wolfen, he subsequently reported this back to Karen, who became furious. Calling Richard to a meeting with Werner, she reiterated that she had supported her brother through his difficulties with quaaludes and that he should do the same for her. They called a truce. Karen also complained of her concerns over her thumping heart and spots before her eyes. Although Karen told friends she would have these problems looked at, she never did.

Karen's sudden death

Karen visited her parents on the morning before her death. Karen told her mother her plans for the following day, ultimately deciding to spend the evening with her parents to watch a rerun of Shogun and talk with friends on the telephone; including the producer of her shelved solo album, Phil Ramone. The following morning, her mother heard Karen come downstairs to start the coffee machine before returning upstairs. Agnes dialed Richard's room (where Karen had been sleeping) to call her down to breakfast, but did not receive an answer. After shouting her name twice more with no response, Agnes went up the steps and found her daughter lying unresponsive on the floor of the walk-in closet. Her husband Harold called paramedics while Agnes called Richard, who raced to the house. By the time he arrived, his sister was already in an ambulance. Noting Richard's distressed state, paramedics advised him to drive very carefully if he planned to follow the ambulance. Richard would later say that his hope at the time was that she had merely passed out, they would be able to revive her and that she would see the error of her ways. It was not to be. After spending 20 minutes in a waiting room, a doctor entered to tell Richard and his parents that Karen was dead. She was scheduled to sign her divorce papers later that day. She was 32.

Karen Carpenter did not die from anorexia itself, but from lasting side-effects of the disease. Her heart could not take the strain of a long period of poor eating habits followed by rapid weight gain. The autopsy stated that Karen's death was caused by emetine cardiotoxicity resulting from anorexia nervosa. Under the anatomical summary, the first item was heart failure, with anorexia as second. The third finding was cachexia, which is extremely low weight and weakness and general body decline associated with chronic disease. Emetine cardiotoxicity implied that Karen abused ipecac syrup, although for a long time after her death there was no evidence to suggest that Karen abused it. Richard insisted that he had never seen any toxicology report supporting the use of ipecac, but since the publication of the Coleman account of their story in 1994, the long-lost toxicology report has surfaced, proving that Karen's heart had been damaged by the use of ipecac and previous use of Synthroid.

Between her death on February 4 and her funeral service on Tuesday, February 8, 1983, at the Downey United Methodist Church, Karen's body lay in state at Forest Lawns Memorial Park in an open white casket. Karen was dressed in a pink suit while mourners and fans turned up to pay their last respects. At her funeral, more than a thousand mourners turned up, among them her friends Dorothy Hamill, Olivia Newton-John, Petula Clark, Dionne Warwick and Herb Alpert. Prior to the funeral, Karen's husband Tom Burris had thrown his wedding ring into the casket. The Carpenters: the Untold Story). 

On October 12, 1983, the Carpenters received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, a few yards from the Kodak Theater. Richard, Harold and Agnes Carpenter attended the inauguration, as did many fans.

Karen's death brought media attention to anorexia nervosa and also to bulimia. Karen's death encouraged celebrities to go public about their eating disorders, among them Tracey Gold and later, Diana, Princess of Wales.^{[citation needed]} Medical centers and hospitals began receiving increased contacts from people with these disorders. The general public had little knowledge of anorexia and bulimia prior to her death, making the conditions difficult to identify and treat.^{[citation needed]}

In December 2003, the remains of Karen and her parents were exhumed from Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Cypress, California, and reinterred in Pierce Brothers Valley Oaks Memorial Park in Westlake Village, California, in the presence of her brother and his wife (and first cousin) Mary. She is buried with her parents in a pink marble tomb valued at around $600,000, which bears the Carpenter family name in gold lettering across its top.

Post-Carpenters (1983–present)

The Carpenters' star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Following Karen's death, Richard Carpenter has continued to produce recordings of the duo's music, including several albums of previously unreleased material and numerous compilation albums. Voice of the Heart, an album that included some finished tracks left out of Made In America and earlier LPs, was released in late 1983. It peaked at #46 and was certified Gold. Two singles were released. "Make Believe It's Your First Time", a second version of a song Karen had recorded for her solo album (and a song which had been a minor hit in 1979 for Bobby Vinton), reached #7 Adult Contemporary but only reached #101 on the pop side. "Your Baby Doesn't Love You Anymore" got to #12 Adult Contemporary. Richard Carpenter married his first cousin, Mary Rudolph, on May 19, 1984. Kristi was born on August 17, 1987, Traci on July 25, 1989, Mindi Karen (named after her late aunt) on July 7, 1992, followed by Colin and Taylor.

For the second Christmas season following Karen's death, Richard constructed a "new" Carpenters Christmas album entitled, An Old-Fashioned Christmas, using outtake material from the duo's first Christmas album (Christmas Portrait) and recording new material around it.

Documentaries

Richard's dedication to protecting the Carpenters image and recording legacy has sparked criticism, as Richard has insisted on substantial project oversight in any documentary or drama about them. That same year, he intervened to limit the distribution of the Todd Haynes short film Superstar: The Karen Carpenter Story (which used Barbie dolls to tell the story of Karen's death). Although critics found Karen's portrayal sympathetic, the film depicted the Carpenter family in an unflattering light, and Richard prevailed in pulling the film from distribution on the basis that Carpenters tracks were used without permission. Two years later, a TV movie entitled The Karen Carpenter Story featuring Cynthia Gibb and produced with Richard's cooperation, gained favorable notices and reached a wide audience. In the first few weeks after the original airdate in the fall of 1989, not only did many record stores sell out of their stock of the soundtrack album, but many more sold out of their traditional Carpenters stock as well.

Solo album

Karen Carpenter, Karen's solo album, was finally released in October 1996, over 16 years after being recorded with an explanation from Richard in the CD's liner notes addressing the decision by A&M records to shelve the album in 1980. The collection of songs on the CD covers a wide range of musical styles, from rock ("Making Love in the Afternoon" with guest vocalist Peter Cetera) to blues ("Last One Singing the Blues") to lite jazz ("Guess I Just Lost My Head", "If We Try") and disco ("Remember When Lovin' Took All Night", "Lovelines"). The album's producer, Phil Ramone, produced several tracks for Cetera's former band, Chicago.

Bootleg copies of nine additional solo songs Karen Carpenter recorded between 1979 and 1980 are in the possession of many Carpenters fans but there seems to be no possibility of the recordings' getting an official release. When approached with the subject, Richard has replied: "Outtakes are outtakes for a reason." Despite this, further albums of Carpenters outtakes, such as As Time Goes By, continue to be made available.

Richard solo and other post-Karen work

In 1987, Richard released his first solo album, Time, which generated one hit single, "Something in Your Eyes", sung by Dusty Springfield and ten years later he recorded and released an album aptly titled Pianist Arranger Composer Conductor. Around the same time, the British entertainer Jackie Clune developed a Karen Carpenter tribute act, which was partly credited with increasing record sales of genuine Carpenters albums in the U.K.

Richard Carpenter lives with his wife, Mary Rudolph-Carpenter, and their four daughters and one son in Thousand Oaks, California, where the couple are supporters of the arts. In 2004, Carpenter and his wife pledged a $3 million gift to the Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza Foundation in memory of Karen Carpenter. The first annual "Richard Carpenter Scholarship Competition Award Show" was held at the Civic Arts Plaza on September 20, 2006. Richard and daughters Traci and Mindi performed after the show. Richard and his wife won the Philanthropists of the Year Award of Ventura County in 2007.

More recently, Richard has actively supported the Richard and Karen Carpenter Performing Arts Center at his alma mater California State University, Long Beach. He continues to make concert appearances, including fund raising efforts for the Carpenter Center. In 2001, he was a guest on the "Petula Clark: A Sign of the Times" concert in Norfolk, Virginia and portions were recorded for CD and DVD release and for a PBS special. In 2002, he introduced Clark at the Carpenter Center and appeared on her Ultimate Collection CD.

In 2007 and 2008, the current owners of the former Carpenter family home on Newville Avenue in Downey, obtained permits from the city to tear down the existing buildings on the site to make room for newer and larger structures, in spite of ongoing protests from fans. In February 2008, a group of fans got their protest campaign covered in the Los Angeles Times. At that time an adjacent house that had once served as the band's headquarters and recording studio had already been demolished and the main house was on the verge of being demolished as well. The original house was immortalized on the Now & Then album cover and was the place where Karen Carpenter died: in the words of Carpenters fan Jon Konjoyan, "this was our version of Graceland."

The Carpenters logo

In 1971, the A&M graphics department hired Craig Braun and Associates to design their third album cover for their newest album, entitled Carpenters. "I recognized it to be a great logo as soon as I saw it", says Richard. A fan asked Carpenter on his "Fans Ask" section why there was no logo on Passage, and he replied: "To keep things consistent, ... every Carpenters album from the logo's inception shows the logo; it's on the back of the Passage album, bottom center."

Promotion and touring

Although the Carpenters had a rough start in 1969 with the lukewarm reviews of their first album, Offering, they tried to promote themselves by being Burt Bacharach's opening performance. In a live concert in 1974 at The Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Karen Carpenter explained:

One night, we were doing a benefit dinner after the premiere of "Hello, Dolly!", and Burt Bacharach walked up to us, and he asked us if we would like to open the show for him at another dinner that he was going to be doing later on in the year. And he asked us to do something that turned out to be very, very special for us.

Then, Richard took over, and said:

He wanted us to put together a medley of his songs; any tunes of his that we wanted to do, and it took a couple of months. We arrived at 8 tunes.

The medley eventually was abridged and released on their eponymous album Carpenters in 1971. The song was shortened from almost 13 minutes to only 5 minutes.

The band maintained a demanding schedule of concert tours and television appearances. Among their numerous television credits were appearances on such popular series as The Ed Sullivan Show, The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, The Carol Burnett Show in 1971 and 1972, The Mike Douglas Show in 1971, and The Johnny Cash Show, also in 1971, where they played their hits "For All We Know" and "Rainy Days and Mondays". The duo appeared in a television special on the BBC in 1971 where they performed songs "live." They were also the featured performers in a summer replacement series, Make Your Own Kind of Music, which aired on NBC every Tuesday at 8:00 p.m. in the United States. Both Karen and Richard would later state in a 1980 radio interview that they were often taken advantage of in their dealings with television during the early Seventies and wanted more control in the production of future projects.

In May 1973, the Carpenters accepted an invitation to perform at the White House for President Richard Nixon and visiting West German chancellor Willy Brandt.

The Carpenters played numerous concerts from 1971 to 1975. They are taken straight from Richard's archived itineraries.

Year	Number of concerts	Number of TV appearances
1971	145 concerts	10 TV appearances (as well as "Make Your Own Kind of Music")
1972	174 concerts	6 TV appearances
1973	174 concerts	3 TV appearances
1974	203 concerts	Not applicable
1975	118 concerts + 46 postponed shows	Not applicable

By the mid-1970s, extensive touring and lengthy recording sessions had begun to take their toll on the duo and contributed to their professional and personal difficulties during the latter half of the decade. Karen dieted obsessively and developed the disorder anorexia nervosa, which first manifested itself in 1975 when she collapsed during a show in Las Vegas. Exhausted, Karen was forced to cancel concert tours in the Philippines, UK and Japan. Richard has said that he regrets the six- and seven-day work schedules of that period, adding that had he known then what he knows now, he wouldn't have agreed to it. Karen looked noticeably thin - although not sickly - in the music video produced for the "Only Yesterday" single. Richard developed an addiction to quaaludes, which began to affect his performance in the late 1970s and led to the end of the duo's live concert appearances in 1978.

The "Pepsodent image"

Carpenters' popularity often confounded critics. With their output focused on ballads and mid-tempo pop, the duo's music was often dismissed by critics as being bland and saccharine. The recording industry, however, bestowed awards on the duo, who won three Grammy Awards during their career (Best New Artist, and Best Pop Performance by a Duo, Group, or Chorus, for "(They Long to Be) Close to You" in 1970; and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group for the LP Carpenters in 1971.) In 1973, Carpenters were voted Favorite Pop/Rock Band, Duo, or Group at the first annual American Music Awards.

Richard would often state in interviews, that many critics usually judged them to "drink milk, eat apple pie and take showers."

I don't even like milk. Not that we're totally opposite from that, we're not. But there is an in-between - I don't drink ... a lot. I do have wine with dinner. I voted to make marijuana legal....

In Coleman's "The Carpenters: The Untold Story", Richard stressed repeatedly how much he disliked the A&M Executives for making their image "squeaky-clean", and the critics for criticising them for their image rather than their music.

I got upset when this whole "squeaky clean" thing was tagged on to us. I never thought about standing for anything! They (the critics) took Close to You and said: "Aha, you see that number one? THAT's for the people who believe in apple pie! THAT's for people who believe in the American flag! THAT's for the average middle-American person and his station wagon! The Carpenters stand for that, and I'm taking them to my bosom!" And boom, we got tagged with that label.

In interview sessions for the BBC in the 1990s, Richard gave further, extensive vent to his frustrations over their handling by the A&M Marketing team. Regarding the Now & Then album:

We were their biggest act, and they hadn't given it any thought. They said to us, stand out at your front door and we'll shoot your picture. I kid you not! I said 'what you mean like OUR MOTHER would do?!!! Like a snapshot to go in the family album?! We're supposed to stand out here?' I said 'were NOT doing it!'. So this went on, they were saying 'no we have to have it, the album's nearly out', so after all the bitching and griping...we got in the Ferrari. And if you look at that, you can tell I am pissed off. I am not smiling on that album cover. All they did was get us driving down the street, and they just shot us with me driving the car. That was it.

THEN to make it worse, they said 'this cover is going to be more of an artistic statement, 'we're going to have the picture painted'. If you look at that album, it folds out three ways , it cost a lot of money to make it. Of course by this time, we're not in the studio, we're out on the road, so we didn't get a chance to see what they were doing with it until we are out on the road. And they sent it. And it was wrong. If you look at the cover, there's this thing with the Ferrari Daytona, where it has a vent window. And it so happens that the way they took it, it cuts Karen's face in half. Again, if management had anything to say, they should have said 'what the hell are you taking a picture of Karen for [forget painting it!], and cutting our star's face in half?' So when they went to paint it, they just couldn't get this part of her face matched with the other part. So we'd send it back, they'd send another one, we'd send that back, they'd send another, and it's not right to this day. Because although they finally got that part right, they THEN went and painted 8x10s of us from a previous photo session and they painted Karen with an overbite! She never had an overbite, but you look at this thing, and she looks like a chipmunk! It's DREADFUL!

And that's my biggest regret, that I didn't just put my foot down and say, 'if this doesn't stop, we're just not going to cut any more records for you guys.' It was absolutely disgusting, the way they treated us. We should have just stood up to them and said 'get the hell out of here'. They should have been there to look after us, not just book us. You couldn't actually blame the critics for some of what they said. It was horrible. So if you look at Horizon, I finally did put my foot down on that one. So we BOTH look pissed off on that one!!! But at least our cheeks aren't together and we're not smiling!

Television specials

Their television specials also garnered solid ratings and kept them in the public eye during the late 1970s. They had a total of five television specials, all of which aired from 1976 to 1980. The Carpenters' Very First Television Special, which aired on December 8, 1976, was a hit, and went to #6 on the Nielsens. Their TV specials usually contained "schtick", which Richard highly disliked. However, Karen seemed to enjoy it, and her personality shone on camera. Their next one was The Carpenters at Christmas which aired on December 9, 1977. The following TV special was The Carpenters Space Encounters which aired May 17, 1978. Their fourth Special was The Carpenters: A Christmas Portrait which aired December 19, 1978.

Carpenters' final television special Music, Music, Music!, was aired in May 1980. It contained no "schtick" and included only music "from start to finish". Television host John Davidson and renowned standard singer Ella Fitzgerald guest starred, and performed various songs. Many of the songs performed on this television special were released on CD in 2004 on their album As Time Goes By. As evidenced on the Carpenters official website, five of the fifteen songs on As Time Goes By were from Music, Music, Music!. However, ABC wasn't satisfied with the Carpenters' decision to go purely musical. On their documentary, Close to You: Remembering the Carpenters, Richard quotes them, saying: "What the hell do they think this is? A PBS special?" Ironically, the documentary originally was aired on PBS until MPI Home Video released it on DVD a year later, in 1998.

Legacy

A critical re-evaluation of Carpenters occurred during the 1990s and 2000s with the making of several documentaries produced in the United States, Japan, and Great Britain, like "Close to You: Remembering the Carpenters" (United States), "The Sayonara" (Japan), and "Only Yesterday: The Carpenters Story" (Great Britain). The superior technical quality of the recordings, the sorrowful undercurrents in many of their songs and the pain in Karen's voice as well as her life have attracted many fans. It's been said that her signature vocals helped spur more contralto singers into pop music such as Anne Murray, Rita Coolidge, and Melissa Manchester. Even '90s R&B group Boyz II Men list Carpenters among their influences. In 1990, the alternative rock band Sonic Youth recorded "Tunic (Song for Karen)", which depicted Karen saying goodbye to relatives as she got to play the drums again and meet her new "friends", Dennis Wilson, Elvis Presley and Janis Joplin. Despite some criticism that their sound was "too soft", major campaigns and petitions exist toward inducting Carpenters in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

A tribute album, If I Were a Carpenter, by contemporary artists such as Sonic Youth, Bettie Serveert, Shonen Knife, Grant Lee Buffalo, Matthew Sweet, and The Cranberries, also appeared in 1994 and provided an alternative rock interpretation of Carpenters hits. Sonic Youth's rendition of Superstar, as well as other tracks from this album, were later featured in the 2007 film Juno.

Several of their songs have achieved the status of popular standards. In particular, "(They Long to Be) Close to You" is frequently sung in karaoke bars. This song is heard in the film Parenthood, and is used in two episodes of The Simpsons as well as The Simpsons Movie. A scene of the Friends episode "The One with the Blackout" features three of the friends passing time by singing "Top of the World" while one of them strums her guitar. The duo's "signature tune", "We've Only Just Begun", is popular at weddings and receptions, and was featured in the film version of Starsky & Hutch and 1408. The Song "Top of the World" was heard in the movie Shrek Forever After. "Superstar" has been covered by numerous artists, with popular recordings from Luther Vandross and Ruben Studdard to Bette Midler, Shonen Knife, and Sonic Youth and even David Spade and the late Chris Farley sing along with it on the radio in Tommy Boy. Clay Aiken performed "Solitaire" on American Idol and introduced the song to a new generation.

"Close To You", the Carpenters first number-one hit, has been remade and used for Nikkon commercials as well as being sung by Sue Heck in ABC-TV's "The Middle" in the third episode of the series entitled "Floating Anniversary."

Nicolas Cage is an enthusiast for Carpenters music. He received permission to use some of their music in the Ghost Rider.

Both "We've Only Just Begun" and "(They Long to Be) Close to You" have been honored with Grammy Hall of Fame awards for recordings of lasting quality or historical significance.

Modern entertainers such as Christina Aguilera, Gwen Stefani, Shania Twain, Jann Arden, Anastacia, The Corrs, Mary J. Blige, Alicia Keys, Leann Rimes, Michelle Wright, K.D. Lang, Kelly Jones of Stereophonics, Johnny Borrell of Razorlight, Jo O'Meara from S Club and Madonna have listed Karen Carpenter as a huge influence on their careers.

Discography

Main article: The Carpenters discography

Main article: List of songs by The Carpenters

Carpenters released 30 singles during their career. Of the thirty, ten were RIAA certified Gold and twenty-two peaked in the top 10 on the Adult Contemporary Charts. In addition, Carpenters also had ten albums from 1969-1983. Five of the albums contained two or more top 20 hits on the Billboard Hot 100 (Close to You, Carpenters, A Song for You, Now & Then, and Horizon).

Grammy Awards and nominations

Throughout the 1970s, Richard and Karen were nominated numerous times for Grammy Awards. Richard Carpenter was also nominated for a Grammy Award for their instrumental song, "Flat Baroque". They won three Grammy Awards, and had two songs inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.

Year	Type of Award	Won/Nominated	Title
1970	Best New Artist Best Contemporary Vocal Performance by a Duo, Group or Chorus Record of the Year Album of the Year Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocals Song of the Year Best Contemporary Song Best Engineered Recording	Won Won Nominated Nominated Nominated Nominated Nominated Nominated	Carpenters "(They Long to Be) Close to You" Close to You Close to You "(They Long to Be) Close to You" "We've Only Just Begun" "We've Only Just Begun" Close to You
1971	Best Pop Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group Album of the Year Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocals Best Album of Original Score, Written for a Motion Picture Best Engineered Recording	Won Nominated Nominated Nominated Nominated	Carpenters Carpenters "Superstar" "Bless the Beasts and Children" Carpenters
1972	Best Instrumental Arrangement	Nominated	"Flat Baroque"
1973	Best Pop Vocal Performance by a Duo, Group or Vocal Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocals	Nominated Nominated	"Sing" "Sing"
1974	Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocals	Nominated	"We've Only Just Begun"
1977	Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocals	Nominated	"Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft"

Bibliography

• Carpenter, Richard (1986). Carpenters: Ticket to Ride (1969) Album Notes. A&M 4205
• Carpenter, Richard (2005). "Carpenters Biography 2005". The Carpenters official website. pp. 1–10. http://www.richardandkarencarpenter.com/biography.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-30. 
• Coleman, Ray (1994). The Carpenters: The Untold Story. New York, New York: Harpercollins. ISBN 978-0-06-018345-5. 
• Costin, Carolyn (1998). The Eating Disorder Sourcebook. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill Professional (published 1999). ISBN 1565658531 
• Edwards, Ralph (Executive Producer) (1971-02-14). This Is Your Life (Television production, DVD). Los Angeles, California: Ralph Edwards Productions. http://www.ralphedwards.com/. 
• Levitin, Daniel (May 1995). "Arranging Master Class: Richard Carpenter". Electronic Musician. http://ccrma.stanford.edu/CCRMA/Courses/192d:1997/rc_arranging.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-27. 
• Surratt, Paul and JoAnn Young (Executive Producers) (1998-03-31). Close to You: Remembering the Carpenters (Videotape, DVD). MPI Home Video. ISBN 3030672782. http://www.mpihomevideo.com/?p=25467&pid=80&pcid=&ccid=. 
• Wallace, Evelyn (1973). The Carpenters' Official Fan Club Newsletters, Issue #26. June, 1973.
• Zerbe, Kathryn J. (1995). The Body Betrayed: A Deeper Understanding of Women, Eating Disorders, and Treatment. Carlsbad, California: Gürze Books, LLC.. ISBN 0936077239 
• Unknown (1976). Superstars of the 70s. London, England: Octopus Books Limited. ISBN 0706404475. 

External links

• Richard and Karen Carpenter: Carpenters – Official site
• Carpenters The Richard and Karen Carpenter Performing Arts Center – Exhibit page official website
• Carpenters discography at Discogs
• Karen Carpenter at the Internet Movie Database
• Richard Carpenter at the Internet Movie Database
• Rolling Stone – Carpenters biography
• Society Music Theory – A musicologist's discourse on the song "Superstar"
• Chris Walter – Pictures of Carpenters in an official archive