The Joshua Tree

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The Joshua Tree
Studio album by U2
Released	9 March 1987 (1987-03-09)
Recorded	July–November 1986 Windmill Lane Studios (Dublin, Ireland)
Genre	Rock, roots rock
Length	50:11
Label	Island 422-842298-1
Producer	Brian Eno, Daniel Lanois
Professional reviews
Allmusic link BBC Music (favourable) link The Boston Globe (favourable) link Robert Christgau (B) link Q link Rolling Stone (favourable) 1987 2003 Slant link Sputnikmusic link Time (favourable) link
U2 chronology
The Unforgettable Fire (1984) The Joshua Tree (1987) Rattle and Hum (1988)
Singles from The Joshua Tree
"With or Without You" Released: March 1987 "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For" Released: May 1987 "Where the Streets Have No Name" Released: August 1987 "In God's Country" Released: November 1987 (North America only) "One Tree Hill" Released: March 1988 (Australia and New Zealand only)

The Joshua Tree is the fifth studio album by Irish rock band U2, released 9 March 1987 on Island Records. Recording took place from July to November 1986 at Windmill Lane Studios in Dublin. The album features the band's exploration of roots rock, with their music exhibiting influences from blues-rock, folk rock, country music, and gospel music. Lyrically, The Joshua Tree depicts the band's fascination with America, but also its discontent with the foreign policy of the United States. The album was produced and engineered by Brian Eno and Daniel Lanois.

The album increased the band's stature "from heroes to superstars," according to Rolling Stone.^[1] The album produced several hit singles, including "Where the Streets Have No Name", "With or Without You", and "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For", all of which remain radio staples. The Joshua Tree won Grammy Awards for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal and Album of the Year in Grammy Awards of 1988. In 2003, the album was ranked number 26 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". The album is one of the world's best-selling albums of all-time, having sold over 25 million copies.^[2] In 2007, a remastered version of the album was released to mark the 20th anniversary of its original release.

[edit] Background

Following The Unforgettable Fire album, U2 realised that they "had no tradition, we were from outer space", and they explored American blues, country and gospel music.^[3] Since that album, they had spent time with fellow Irish bands The Waterboys and Hothouse Flowers, and felt a sense of indigenous Irish music being blended with American folk music.^[4] Friendships with Bob Dylan, Van Morrison and Keith Richards encouraged the band to look back to the roots of rock music, and focused Bono on his skills as a song and lyric writer.^[5][6] The band wanted to build on The Unforgettable Fire's atmospherics, but also sought a more hard-hitting sound within the strict discipline of more conventional song structures, in contrast to The Unforgettable Fire's often out-of-focus experimentation.^[7]

[edit] Recording and production

The band interrupted their 1986 album sessions to join Amnesty International's A Conspiracy of Hope Tour. Rather than being a distraction, the band found the tour added extra intensity and power to their new music, providing extra focus on what they wanted to say.^[8] The album sessions for The Joshua Tree proper began in July 1986 at Windmill Lane Studios in Dublin.

In his earlier 1986 travels to Central America, Bono saw first hand the distress of peasants bullied in political conflicts, and this was a central influence on the album. The United States' military intervention in El Salvador angered Bono and prompted him to ask The Edge to "put El Salvador through an amplifier" for the song "Bullet the Blue Sky".^[9][10] "Mothers of the Disappeared" was inspired by the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, the mothers of the thousands of "disappeared" people who opposed the Videla and Galtieri coup d'état that overtook Argentina in 1976, and who were kidnapped and never seen again.^[11]

The album juxtaposes antipathy towards the United States, including anger at United States foreign policy in Central America, against the band's deep fascination with the country, its open spaces, freedom and what it stood for.^[12] The band wanted music with a sense of location, a 'cinematic' quality; its music and lyrics drew on imagery created by American writers the band had been reading.^[13] The band had toured in the United States extensively, which affected the band;^[6] according to Bono, the album was inspired and influenced more by the country's geography, rather than its people.^[6] Bono said he "...had to 'deal with' the United States and the way it was affecting me, because the United States' having such an effect on the world at the moment. On this record I had to deal with it on a political level for the first time, if in a subtle way."^[6] Since Bono was trying to portray the both "mythic idea of America" and the "reality of America" on the album, the working title of the album was "The Two Americas".

The record was also influenced by the blues.^[6] While in recording sessions for the b-side "Silver and Gold", working with Keith Richards, Bono and Richards listened to blues music, country music, American pop music from the 1950s, and other such influences.^[6] These influences, combined with Bono's early influences, such as Patti Smith and Bob Dylan, had an effect on the song and the whole album.^[6]

"Where the Streets Have No Name" was conceived prior to one of the Joshua Tree recording sessions by guitarist The Edge.^[14] Bono conceived the lyrics with the idea that one could determine a person's religion and income based on where they lived in Belfast. While recording the song as a band, however, U2 ran into difficulty. The song's frequent chord and time changes caused problems in playing the song correctly; the difficulty was so great that producer Brian Eno attempted to erase the track.^[14][15] Drummer Larry Mullen Jr. later said of the song, "It took so long to get that song right, it was difficult for us to make any sense of it. It only became a truly great song through playing live. On the record, musically, it's not half the song it is live."^[14]

"I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For" grew from another song called "Under the Weather Girls", which co-producer Daniel Lanois didn't like, except for Larry Mullen, Jr.'s drum track and Adam Clayton's bass line. These parts were used as the foundation of "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For". The development of the song saw the addition of such things as a subtle auto-pan effect added to one of The Edge's guitar overdubs and Bono, a tenor, singing in the upper register of his range to add to the feeling of spiritual yearning. Both Bono and Edge have, in fact, called it a gospel song on numerous occasions.

"With or Without You", the album's first single and one of the band's most well-known songs, uses an effect called "infinite guitar", developed by Michael Brook, to infinitely sustain notes.

The band concluded recording of the album in November 1986.

[edit] Release

A number of songs that were released as B-sides to singles from The Joshua Tree are thought to have been considered for a double-album version of The Joshua Tree. Though Bono was the most vocal proponent of this extended version of the album, The Edge successfully argued for the 11-track version that was ultimately released.^{[citation needed]} "Spanish Eyes" and "Deep in the Heart" were released as B-sides to the "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For" single. "Luminous Times (Hold on to Love)" and "Walk to the Water" were released as B-sides to the "With or Without You" single. "Sweetest Thing", "Silver and Gold", and "Race Against Time" were released as B-sides to the "Where the Streets Have No Name" single.

The Joshua Tree was first released on 9 March 1987. The album cover photo was taken by Dutch photographer Anton Corbijn in December 1986. Corbijn later recounted the photo shoot in Death Valley, California; "This is the most serious set of shots I have taken of U2 and they became my most well-known photographs at the time. It was taken with a panoramic camera to take more of the landscapes in which was the main idea of the shoot: man and environment, the Irish in America."^[17]

In 2007, a 20th anniversary edition of the album was released, featuring remastered tracks, along with B-sides and rarities. Four different formats of the remaster were made available.

[edit] Singles

"With or Without You" and the rhythmic gospel "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For" were released as singles internationally and quickly went to #1 in the U.S. "Where the Streets Have No Name" was also successfully released. "In God's Country" was released as a fourth single in North America with modest success, while "One Tree Hill" was released as a fourth single in Australia and New Zealand.^[18] Initially slated as a single release, "Red Hill Mining Town" was the only track from the album not played on the tour. Bono has suggested that the song's high notes put too much strain on his voice.^[19]

[edit] Reception

Upon its release, The Joshua Tree debuted at #1 in the UK and also quickly reached the top of the charts in the U.S. U2 became the fourth rock band to be featured on the cover of Time magazine (following The Beatles, The Band, and The Who), who declared that U2 was "Rock's Hottest Ticket".^[20] The album brought U2 to a new level of mega-stardom, as the worldwide Joshua Tree Tour sold out arenas and stadiums around the world, the first time the band had consistently played venues of that size.^[21]

The Joshua Tree won U2 their first two Grammy Awards, with the band receiving honors for "Album of the Year" and "Best Rock Performance By a Duo or Group With Vocal".^[22][23]

According to U.S. Recording Industry sales figures, as of January 2005, The Joshua Tree ranks as the 89th best-selling album of all-time in the U.S.^[24] and, as of 2006, the 26th best-selling album in the U.K..^[25] The album has sold 10 million copies in the United States alone^[26] and more than 25 million copies worldwide. It remains the band's best-selling album.^[2]

The Joshua Tree is often cited as one of the greatest albums in rock history. In 1989, it was rated #3 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of "The 100 Greatest Albums of the 80's", as well as appearing at #26 on the magazine's "500 Greatest Albums of All Time". The Definitive 200 list sponsored by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ranks the album as the fifth-greatest in history.^[27] The Joshua Tree was selected as #6 on CCM Magazine's 2001 list of the greatest Contemporary Christian music albums of all time (see CCM Presents: The 100 Greatest Albums in Christian Music). It came second place in Channel 4's 100 Greatest albums.^[28] It came in at #10 in ABC-TV's My Favourite Album, which aired in Australia in December 2006.

[edit] The Joshua Tree Tour

In support of the album, the band launched The Joshua Tree Tour. Consisting of three legs and a total of 111 shows, the tour took the band to arenas and stadiums worldwide from April 1987 to December 1987. It was the band's first tour in which many of the dates were played in stadiums. Performances of the third leg were recorded for the 1988 motion picture Rattle and Hum.

[edit] Track listing

All songs written and composed by U2, with lyrics by Bono. 

The order of the songs in the track listing was devised by singer Kirsty MacColl. MacColl, wife of producer Steve Lillywhite, was brought into the studio one day as the album was being mixed, and was asked to come up with an order for the songs on the album, beginning with "Where the Streets Have No Name" and ending with "Mothers of the Disappeared". She listened to the songs and created a track listing simply by putting the songs in order of her favourites. The band felt that her ordering of the songs, despite being a listing of her favorites, was an excellent sequence for the album.^[29]

The original CD pressings of the album by BMG Music Club incorrectly indexed the ending of "One Tree Hill" at 4:43 and the beginning of "Exit" at 4:53. This is because a final, quieter stanza of "One Tree Hill" ("Oh, great ocean...") occurs once the song has died down and apparently ended and when BMG Music Club produced their own glass master, they incorrectly shifted the start of "Exit" back. As a result, owners of a BMG Music Club release of The Joshua Tree thought the stanza was the beginning of "Exit", even though it completely contrasts in tone with "Exit" and features lyrics similar to the chorus of "One Tree Hill". This error has been corrected on BMG's later editions of the album.

In 1996, Mobile Fidelity Sound Lab remastered the album and released it as a special gold CD. This edition has slightly different running times from the Island CD editions, and features an alternate edit of "Mothers of the Disappeared" in which the repeating synthesizer rhythm pattern briefly rises in volume just before the song fades out completely; this recurrence is not audible on the Island CDs. (The 2007 re-issue CD remastered under the supervision of The Edge also features this edit, suggesting that it may represent the band's original intent.)

[edit] 20th anniversary edition

The Joshua Tree (20th Anniversary Edition)
Box set by U2
Released	20 November 2007
Length	107:09
Label	Interscope B0010304-00
Producer	Brian Eno, Cheryl Engels
Professional reviews
Allmusic link Christianity Today link IGN (9.7/10) link NME link The Phoenix link Pitchfork Media (8.9/10) link Rolling Stone link The Times link Uncut link Washington Post (favorable) link
U2 chronology
U2 Go Home (2007) The Joshua Tree (2007) Live From Paris (2008)

On 16 October 2007 (2007-10-16), Billboard confirmed a 20th anniversary edition of The Joshua Tree would have a US release date as 20 November 2007 (2007-11-20).^[30] The release date everywhere else in the world was 3 December 2007 (2007-12-03).

The album was released in four different formats:^[31]

• CD format: remastered album on CD
• Deluxe format: remastered album on CD, bonus CD with b-sides and rarities from The Joshua Tree sessions, and a 36-page booklet
• Box set edition: remastered album on CD, bonus CD with b-sides and rarities from The Joshua Tree sessions, bonus DVD with a concert from the Joshua Tree Tour and other videos, and a 56-page hardback book. The DVD also features an easter egg section, which contains a Dalton Brothers performance from Los Angeles, filmed on 18 November 1987.
• Double vinyl edition: remastered album on two 180 Gram virgin vinyl gramophone records and pressed at Nashville's historic United Record Pressing. It includes a 16-page booklet.

[edit] Bonus CD

[edit] Bonus DVD

• Live from Paris – live at the Hippodrome de Vincennes in Paris, France on 4 July 1987.
• Outside It's America – a 50-minute documentary on the Joshua Tree Tour
• "With or Without You" music video, alternative version
• "Red Hill Mining Town" music video, directed by Neil Jordan

[edit] Chart positions and sales

[edit] Album

Country	Peak position	Certification	Sales
Australia	3	5x Platinum[32]	350,000+
Austria		3x Gold[33]	45,000+
Canada		Diamond[34]	1,000,000+
Finland		Gold[35]	27,965
France	1	2x Diamond [36]	2,072,100
Germany		2x Platinum/3x Gold[37]	700,000+
Mexico		Gold[38]	100,000+
Netherlands	1	Platinum[39]	80,000+
United Kingdom	1	6x Platinum[40]	~2,750,000 (2,665,553 by 22 October 2006 - 26th on The Official Chart Company's list of the Top 110 all-time best selling UK albums)
United States	1	Diamond[26]	10,000,000+

[edit] Singles

Year	Single	Chart	Position
1987	"I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For"	Billboard Adult Contemporary	16
1987	"I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For"	The Billboard Hot 100	1
1987	"I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For"	Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks	2
1987	"Where the Streets Have No Name"	The Billboard Hot 100	13
1987	"Where the Streets Have No Name"	Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks	11
1987	"With or Without You"	The Billboard Hot 100	1
1987	"With or Without You"	Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks	1
1987	"Bullet the Blue Sky"	Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks	14
1987	"In God's Country"	Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks	8
1987	"In God's Country"	The Billboard Hot 100	53
1988	"In God's Country"	Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks	6
1988	"In God's Country"	The Billboard Hot 100	44
1988	"One Tree Hill"	RIA New Zealand Singles Chart	1

[edit] Personnel

U2

• Bono – lead vocals, harmonica
• The Edge – guitar, backing vocals, keyboards
• Adam Clayton – bass guitar
• Larry Mullen Jr. – drums, percussion

Additional personnel

• Brian Eno – keyboards, backing vocals, production, engineering
• Daniel Lanois – rhythm guitar, tambourine, backing vocals, production, engineering
• Flood – mixing
• Steve Lillywhite – additional production and mixing on "Where the Streets Have No Name", "With or Without You", "Bullet the Blue Sky" and "Red Hill Mining Town"
• Bob Ludwig – mastering

[edit] References

[edit] General

• McCormick, Neil (ed), (2006). U2 by U2. HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 0-00-719668-7

[edit] Notes

[edit] External links

• Official album website
• "My two visits to U2's Joshua Tree" - Article about the tree on the album's cover
• "One Tree Hill" - Information about One Tree Hill, the location in New Zealand after which the band wrote the song

Preceded by Licensed to Ill by Beastie Boys	Billboard 200 number-one album 25 April - 26 June 1987	Succeeded by Whitney by Whitney Houston
Preceded by The Very Best of Hot Chocolate by Hot Chocolate	UK number one album 21 March 1987 – 3 April 1987	Succeeded by Now That's What I Call Music 9 by Various Artists

v • d • e U2 Bono • Adam Clayton • The Edge • Larry Mullen, Jr. Studio albums Boy • October • War • The Unforgettable Fire • The Joshua Tree • Rattle and Hum • Achtung Baby • Zooropa • Pop • All That You Can't Leave Behind • How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb • No Line on the Horizon Compilations and EPs Three • Wide Awake in America • Please: PopHeart Live EP • The Best of 1980–1990 • 7 • The Best of 1990–2000 • Exclusive • The Complete U2 • Live from Under the Brooklyn Bridge • U218 Singles Live and other albums Under a Blood Red Sky • Melon: Remixes for Propaganda • Original Soundtracks 1 • Hasta la Vista Baby! • The Million Dollar Hotel soundtrack • Live from the Point Depot • U2.COMmunication • Zoo TV Live • U2 Go Home: Live from Slane Castle • Live from Paris • Medium, Rare & Remastered Videos and films Live at Red Rocks: Under a Blood Red Sky • The Unforgettable Fire Collection • Rattle and Hum • Achtung Baby: The Videos, The Cameos, and a Whole Lot of Interference from Zoo TV • Zoo TV: Live from Sydney • PopMart: Live from Mexico City • Elevation 2001: U2 Live from Boston • U2 Go Home: Live from Slane Castle • Vertigo 2005: Live from Chicago • Vertigo 05: Live from Milan • U218 Videos • Live from Paris • U2 3D • Linear Tours Boy Tour • October Tour • War Tour • The Unforgettable Fire Tour • A Conspiracy of Hope • The Joshua Tree Tour • Lovetown Tour • Zoo TV Tour • PopMart Tour • Elevation Tour • Vertigo Tour • U2 360° Tour Additional personnel Brian Eno • Dik Evans • Flood • Howie B • Jimmy Iovine • Daniel Lanois • Steve Lillywhite • Paul McGuinness Lists Awards • Discography • Songs • Covers of U2 songs Category • Portal • WikiProject

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The Unforgettable Fire Rattle and Hum The Joshua Tree Track Listing
"Where the Streets Have No Name"  • "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For"  • "With or Without You"  • "Bullet the Blue Sky"  • "Running to Stand Still"  • "Red Hill Mining Town"  • "In God's Country"  • "Trip Through Your Wires"  • "One Tree Hill"  • "Exit"  • "Mothers of the Disappeared"