The Price Is Right (1956 U.S. game show)

The Price Is Right (1956)
Format	Game show
Created by	Bob Stewart
Directed by	Max Miller
Presented by	Bill Cullen
Narrated by	Don Pardo (1956-1963) Johnny Gilbert (1963-1965)
Country of origin	United States
Language(s)	English
No. of episodes	2,263
Production
Running time	30 minutes
Production company(s)	Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Productions
Broadcast
Original channel	NBC (1956-1963) ABC (1963-1965)
Picture format	Black & White (Daytime 1956-1962, 1963-1965; Nighttime 1963-1964) Color (Nighttime 1957-1963; Daytime 1962-1963)
Audio format	Mono
Original run	November 26, 1956 (1956-11-26) – September 3, 1965 (1965-09-03)
Chronology
Followed by	The Price Is Right (1972-Present)

The Price Is Right is an American game show hosted by Bill Cullen which aired on NBC from 1956–1963 and on ABC from 1963-1965 in both daytime and prime time. On the show, contestants made successive bids on merchandise with the goal to be the player who bid closest to the actual retail price of the item without going over.

Bill Cullen hosted both the daytime and nighttime versions of the show. For two seasons (1959–1961), the nighttime version was eighth in the prime-time Nielsen ratings^{[citation needed]}, making it the most watched game show on television at the time.

The game centered around contestants making bids on the price of a prize, rewarding the contestant with the closest bid without going over with the prize itself and sometimes a chance at other prizes. Critics cited Cullen's easygoing personality as a key part of the show's success, and the show also gained reputation during the years following the Quiz show scandals, becoming the most watched game show in prime-time from 1959 to 1961.

The show was also a precursor to the current and best-known version of the show, premiering in 1972 on CBS and in syndication.

Gameplay

On the original version of The Price Is Right, four contestants – one a returning champion, the other three chosen from the studio audience – bid on items or ensembles of items in an auction-style format.

A prize was presented for the contestants to bid on with a minimum bid specified. After the opening bid was made, contestants bid on the item in turn with each successive bid a certain amount higher than the previous bid. Instead of increasing their bid, a contestant could freeze their current bid on their turn if he/she believed his/her bid was close enough to win. A later rule added allowed contestants, on their opening bid only, to "underbid" the other bids, but this automatically froze their bid and prevented them from later increasing the original bid. Also, some rounds were one-bid rounds, where only one round of bidding was held, and sometimes the minimum bid and higher bid threshold rules were also waived.

The bidding process continued until a time's up buzzer sounded, at which point each contestant who had not yet "frozen" was given one final bid, or at least three of the contestants had frozen. The fourth contestant was allowed one final bid, unless he/she already had the high bid. Cullen then read the actual retail price of the prize; the contestant whose bid was closest without going over won the item. If everyone overbid, the prize was not won; however, Cullen sometimes had the overbids erased and instructed everyone to give lower bids prior to reading the actual price.

Frequently, a bell rang after the winner was revealed, indicating a bonus prize accompanied the item up for bids. While this was typically an additional prize, a bonus game often accompanied the prize (e.g., a tune-matching game, where a clip of a well-known song was played and the contestant matched it with a face for a cash bonus).

After a set number of rounds (four on the nighttime version, six on the daytime), the contestant who accumulated the most value in cash and prizes became the champion and returned on the next show.

Home Viewer Showcases

The Price Is Right frequently featured a home viewer "Showcase", a multi-prize package for which home viewers were invited to submit their bids via postcard. The viewer who was closest to the actual retail price without going over won everything in the Showcase, but one item was sometimes handmade so the viewer could not check the price of all the items. The term "showcase" was later replaced by "sweepstakes".

Very often, home viewers were stunningly accurate with their bids, including several viewers who guessed the price correct down to the penny. In such a case, the tied contestants were informed and asked to give the price of a stated item; this continued until one of the contestants broke the tie (re-ties and all-overbids were thrown out).

The Home Viewer Showcase was reformatted as the final round of the current CBS version. The two winners of the Showcase Showdown compete to bid on separate showcases of prizes, with the contestant who bids closer to the actual retail price of their own showcase winning the prizes contained within it.

Home Viewer Showcases have also been featured on the CBS version, in 1972, 1978, annually from 1980-87, 1990, and in 2011. The format stayed faithful in all versions to 1990, but the 2011 version, because of the advance in technology, changed to a ten prizes in a week format, with two prizes appearing per episode during the week. Each day the price of one of the prizes was revealed to the home audience, and the price of the second prize (part of one of the two Showcases) was not provided. Instead of postcards, the bids had to be submitted through the show's website.

Prizes

While many of the prizes on the original Price Is Right were normal, standard game show fare (e.g., furniture, appliances, home electronics, furs, trips, and cars), there were many instances of outlandish prizes being offered. This was particularly true of the nighttime version, which had a larger prize budget.

Some examples:

• A 1926 Rolls-Royce with chauffeur
• A Ferris wheel
• Shares of corporate stock
• An island in the St. Lawrence Seaway
• An Airplane
• A Submarine

Sometimes, large amounts of food – such as a mile of hot dogs along with buns and enough condiments (perhaps to go with a barbecue pit) – were offered as the bonus.

Some other examples of outlandish or "exceptionally unique" bonus prizes:

• Accompanying a color TV, a live peacock (a play on the NBC logo) to serve as a "color guide".
• Accompanying a barbecue pit and the usual accessories, a live Angus steer.
• Accompanying a prize package of items needed to throw a backyard party, big band legend Woody Herman and His Orchestra.
• Accompanying a raccoon coat worth $29.95, a sable coat valued at $23,000.
• A bonus prize of a 16x32' in-ground swimming pool, installed in the winner's back yard in one day's time.
• A bonus prize of a trip to Israel to appear as an extra in the 1960 film Exodus.

In the early 1960s, the dynamic of the national economy was such that the nighttime show could offer homes in new subdivisions (sometimes fully furnished) as prizes, sometimes with truly suspenseful bidding among the contestants.

In the last two seasons of the nighttime run, the series gave away small business franchises.

In some events, the outlandish prizes were merely for show; for instance, contestants may bid on the original retail price for a 1920s car, but would instead win a more contemporary model.

History

The Price Is Right was created and produced by Bob Stewart for Mark Goodson–Bill Todman Productions. Stewart already had created one hit series for Goodson-Todman, To Tell the Truth and he would later create the enormously successful Password. After 1964, Stewart left Password and Goodson-Todman to strike out on his own. (Frank Wayne, who later produced the Barker version of The Price Is Right, took over Stewart's Password spot.)

Bob Stewart attributes the creation of The Price Is Right to watching an auctioneer from his office window selling off various merchandise in New York City.

In 1959, shortly after the quiz show scandals broke, most game shows lost their popularity rapidly. The Price Is Right was an exception; Goodson and Todman had built a squeaky-clean reputation upon relatively low-stakes games. Thus, as the more popular competition was eliminated, The Price Is Right soared to become the most watched game show in the country, where it remained for two years.

ABC

When the series moved to ABC in 1963, three studio contestants – including the returning champion – played. The fourth chair was filled by a guest celebrity who played for either a studio audience member or home viewer. If the celebrity was the big winner of the show, the contestant who had the most winnings was considered the champion; it is unknown what would have happened in the event of a shut-out with the celebrity winning.

As Don Pardo was still under contract at NBC, he was replaced by Johnny Gilbert, who currently serves as the announcer for Jeopardy!.

Also when the show moved to ABC, several CBS affiliates took up ABC secondary affiliation to show The Price is Right (especially if the market at the time had no full ABC affiliation), in part because of the still-high ratings the show enjoyed in daytime.

Goodson-Todman wanted to have The Price Is Right be ABC's first non-cartoon color show, however the network could not afford to convert to color at the time. This meant that the nighttime version had to "revert" to black-and-white.

Afterward

After the success of The Price Is Right, To Tell the Truth, and Password, producer Stewart left Goodson-Todman in 1964. Stewart's follow-up to The Price Is Right, his first independent production, was Eye Guess, a sight-and-memory game with Bill Cullen as host. Later, Stewart created other successful shows such as Jackpot! and The $10,000 Pyramid.

In the early 1970s, Mark Goodson was preparing a revised version of The Price Is Right for syndication and CBS daytime dubbed The New Price Is Right, which incorporated elements of the Cullen version with new mini-games influenced by Let's Make a Deal. Dennis James, who was a regular substitute for Monty Hall on Deal, was selected to host the new version, but only hosted the original syndicated version as CBS insisted that Bob Barker of Truth or Consequences fame host the daytime show. While the syndicated version only lasted until 1980 (Barker replaced James on the syndicated version in 1977), the daytime version has been on the air five days per week since 1972, with Drew Carey replacing Barker in 2007.

Bloopers

• On one show, the prize was a trip to the circus. The producers placed a live elephant in front of the circus backdrop. The camera cut to the elephant – which was moving its bowels. Cullen quipped: "Join us again on Monday when we'll have equal time for the Democratic Party!"

• In another episode, an elephant was offered as a "bonus prize" for a contestant who had won a grand piano ("for extra ivory"). The real prize was $4,000; however, the contestant wanted the elephant and persisted with his demand. Eventually the contestant got his wish and a live elephant from Kenya was delivered to him. This incident was spoofed in an episode of The Simpsons entitled "Bart Gets an Elephant".

• On a 1957 daytime episode, an elk's head was offered (it was connected to a bonus prize of a trip to a Vermont hunting lodge). One camera angle had the elk head, which was suspended from the ceiling, looking like host Cullen was wearing it. Apparently seeing the camera shot from an offstage monitor, Cullen appeared to duck from under the head and in deadpan fashion said "hello, there" before standing up straight, his head once again seemingly disappearing into the neck cavity of the elk's head.

• On occasion, the contestants' bid displays (furnished by The American Totalizator Company, "a division of Universal Control, Inc.") would break down. When this happened, a chalkboard was wheeled out and placed behind the contestants. One of the models would then act as "official scorekeeper" for that show.

Origin

The show originated from the Hudson Theater in New York City, converted for television. A year later it used NBC's Colonial Theater at 66th and Broadway as its main origination. The Ziegfeld Theater was used for a few shows as well. When the show moved to ABC, the Ritz Theater became the show's broadcast origination.

In addition to his hosting duties on The Price Is Right and his weekly appearances as a panelist on I've Got a Secret, Cullen also hosted a weekday morning radio show for WNBC in New York.

Substitute hosts

Over the nine-year run, various people sat in Cullen's place while he was on vacation.

• Sonny Fox (June 10, 1957; first substitute host)
• Merv Griffin (July 28/August 5, 1959 nighttime)
• Jack Narz (May 1960 {one-month stint}; Bill's brother-in-law, later that year he began hosting Video Village; his brother hosted a syndicated version of the 1972 The Price Is Right revival for one season.)
• Arlene Francis (February 1, 1961 nighttime; at this point, she was a rare occurrence of a woman hosting a game show)
• Don Pardo (December 31, 1959/December 28, 1962)
• Robert Q. Lewis (December 27, 1963 {Cullen himself was the celebrity guest})
• Johnny Gilbert (specific date unknown)
• Jack Clark (week of March 12, 1965; Dorothy Lamour, Anita Louise, and Dennis O'Keefe were among the celebrity guests that week
• Sam Levenson (specific date unknown)

Models

Throughout the nine-year run of The Price Is Right, the show also employed models, whose duties were similar to those of the models in the current version.

June Ferguson and Toni Wallace were the regular models, while Gail Sheldon also made frequent appearances. Ferguson, Wallace and Sheldon were featured during the show's entire nine-year run. Other models appearing included Beverly Bentley and Carolyn Stroupe; various other models either assisted Ferguson and Wallace, or appeared during their absences.

Announcers

During the NBC run, Don Pardo was the main announcer. Whenever he was off, or filling in for Cullen as host, substitute announcers included Dick Dudley, Vic Roby, and Roger Tuttle.

Following the move to ABC, Johnny Gilbert became the announcer; one fill-in was ABC staff announcer Ed Jordan.

Theme songs

The first theme song (used from 1956-1961) was an arrangement of Charles Strouse's "Sixth Finger Tune", originally written for Milton Scott Michel's 1956 play Sixth Finger in a Five Finger Glove.

The second theme song (used from 1961-1965) was called "Window Shopping" and was composed by Bob Cobert. This theme was later used on another Goodson-Todman game, Snap Judgment, and later found its way back to Bob Stewart's stable with the short-lived game You're Putting Me On.

Episode status

Although The Price Is Right became Goodson-Todman's first regularly aired game show to be broadcast in color on September 23, 1957, no color kinescopes or videotapes are known to exist from the nighttime run. Many monochrome NBC nighttime episodes (plus at least one ABC episode) aired on Game Show Network from 1996–2000, at which time the network's contract to air the show ended; it has not been renewed since.

The daytime run is believed to be destroyed; the UCLA Film and Television Archive lists the first and third episodes from 1956 among its holdings.

DVD release

Four episodes, including the 1964 nighttime finale, were released on "The Best of The Price is Right" DVD set (March 25, 2008). Despite pre-release assumptions that each of the four unique runs would be represented, as it was announced that there would be four Cullen episodes, none were of the ABC daytime run despite the existence of episodes from that era; a second NBC prime-time episode instead filled that slot.

Many noticed that the four Cullen episodes lacked commercials, as well as the fact that all three NBC episodes had already been spotted prior to the DVD release. Both NBC prime-time episodes (January 13 and 27, 1960) had aired on GSN before, while the daytime episode (February 21, 1957) had been available in the public domain for several years; the daytime episode is notable for not only missing its opening, but for Cullen promoting Charles Van Doren's match against Vivienne Nearing on Twenty One – which eventually led to Van Doren's defeat.

The Fremantle logo animation was added after each episode, as the production company currently owns all Mark Goodson properties.

The episode listing included with the DVD set states the daytime episode aired March 10, 1957 and the ABC episode aired September 4, 1964 (with guest Jose Ferrer); however, the former is a Sunday and the latter is not actually present on the DVD set but had been aired by GSN. The 1964 finale featured Pat Carroll as the celebrity player, and the night's champion was invited back to appear on the following Monday's daytime episode.

External links

• The Price Is Right (1956) at the Internet Movie Database
• The Price Is Right (1956) at TV.com