Third party officeholders in the United States

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Third-party officeholders in the U.S. are very rare at any point of time. Although the current two-party system in the U.S., with the Republican party and Democratic party, started in 1856, many of the older parties still existed and had an influence. Therefore, this article includes any politician since the end of Reconstruction or since the 45th United States Congress.

These galleries and lists include anyone who at one time, while in office, was an independent or affiliated with a third party. They are listed in descending order from the first year they were in office as something other than a Republican or Democrat.

Since the end of Reconstruction, there have been a total of 30 U.S. Senators, 111 U.S. Representatives, and 28 Governors that weren't affiliated with a major party. Currently, there are two U.S. Senators (King and Sanders), one Governor (Chafee), zero U.S. Representatives, and four major city Mayors. Hundreds of third-party officeholders exist at the local level (including those in nonpartisan positions who are affiliated with a third-party), including 135 Green Party members^[1] and 151 Libertarian Party members.^[2]

Contents

1 U.S. Senators
2 U.S. Representatives
3 Governors
4 Current Mayors of the largest 50 U.S. cities
5 References

U.S. Senators[edit]

U.S. Senator (2013-present)) Angus King – Elected as an Independent
U.S. Senator (1989–2013) Joe Lieberman - Switched from Democrat to Independent in 2006. Elected as a Democrat; reelected on the Connecticut for Lieberman ticket.
U.S. Senator (2007–present) Bernie Sanders - Elected as Independent
U.S. Senator (2002) Dean Barkley - Appointed by Governor Jesse Ventura as part of the Independence Party of Minnesota
U.S. Senator (1989-2007) Jim Jeffords - Switched from Republican to Independent in 2001
U.S. Senator (1990-2003) Robert C. Smith - Switched from Republican to Independent in 1999
U.S. Senator (1971-1977) James L. Buckley - Elected as a Conservative
U.S. Senator (1965-1983) Harry F. Byrd Jr. - Switched from Democrat to Independent in 1970
U.S. Senator (1945-1959) Wayne Morse - Switched from Republican to Independent in 1953
U.S. Senator (1937-1940) Ernest Lundeen - Elected on the Farmer–Labor Party ticket
U.S. Senator (1913-1943) George W. Norris - Switched from Republican to Independent in 1936
U.S. Senator (1935-1936) Elmer Austin Benson - Elected on the Farmer–Labor Party ticket
U.S. Senator (1925-1947) Robert M. La Follette, Jr. - Switched from Republican to Progressive in 1934
U.S. Senator (1923-1926) Magnus Johnson - Elected on the Farmer–Labor Party ticket
U.S. Senator (1923-1947) Henrik Shipstead - Elected on the Farmer–Labor Party ticket
U.S. Senator (1911-1923) Miles Poindexter - Switched from Republican to Progressive in 1913
U.S. Senator (1897-1903) Henry Heitfeld - Elected as a Populist
U.S. Senator (1897-1903) William A. Harris - Elected as a Populist
U.S. Senator (1876-1909) Henry Moore Teller - Switched from Republican to Silver in 1897
U.S. Senator (1897-1907) Fred Dubois - Switched from Republican to Silver in 1896
U.S. Senator (1896-1899) Frank J. Cannon - Switched from Republican to Silver in 1896
U.S. Senator (1889-1901) Richard F. Pettigrew - Switched from Republican to Silver in 1896
U.S. Senator (1895-1899) Lee Mantle - Switched from Republican to Silver in 1896
U.S. Senator (1873-1903) John P. Jones - Switched from Republican to Silver in 1895
U.S. Senator (1864-1905) William M. Stewart - Switched from Republican to Silver in 1893
U.S. Senator (1893-1901) William V. Allen - Elected as a Populist
U.S. Senator (1891-1901) James H. Kyle - Elected as a Populist
U.S. Senator (1891-1897) William A. Peffer - Elected as a Populist
U.S. Senator (1883-1889) Harrison H. Riddleberger - Elected on the Readjuster Party ticket
U.S. Senator (1881-1887) William Mahone - Elected on the Readjuster Party ticket
U.S. Senator (1877-1883) David Davis - Elected as an independent in 1876

U.S. Representatives[edit]

Main article: Third party United States House of Representatives

Governors[edit]

Governor of Rhode Island (2011–present) Lincoln Chafee – Elected as an Independent; became a Democrat in 2013 to seek reelection ^[3]
Governor of Florida (2007–2011) Charlie Crist – Switched from Republican to Independent in 2010
Governor of Minnesota (1999–2003) Jesse Ventura – Elected as Reform Party nominee
Governor of Maine (1995–2003) Angus King – Elected as an Independent
Governor of Connecticut (1991–1995) Lowell Weicker – Elected as A Connecticut Party nominee
Governor of Alaska (1990–1994) Wally Hickel – Elected as Alaskan Independence Party nominee
Governor of Maine (1975-1979) James B. Longley - Elected as an Independent
Governor of Minnesota (1937–1939) Elmer Austin Benson – Elected as Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party nominee
Governor of Minnesota (1936–1937) Hjalmar Petersen – Elected as Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party nominee
Governor of Minnesota (1931–1936) Floyd B. Olson – Elected as Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party nominee
Governor of Florida (1917–1921) Sidney Johnston Catts – Elected as a Prohibitionist
Governor of California (1911–1917) Hiram Johnson – Switched from Republican to Progressive in office
Governor of Nevada (1908–1911) Denver S. Dickerson – Elected as Silver Party nominee
Governor of Nebraska (1899–1901) William A. Poynter – Elected as a Populist
Governor of Kansas (1897–1899) John W. Leedy – Elected as a Populist
Governor of Washington (1897–1901) John Rankin Rogers – Switched from Democrat to Populist
Governor of Nevada (1896–1903) Reinhold Sadler – Elected as Silver Party nominee
Governor of Nevada (1895–1896) John Jones – Elected as Silver Party nominee
Governor of Nebraska (1895–1899) Silas A. Holcomb – Elected as a Populist
Governor of Kansas (1893–1895) Lorenzo D. Lewelling – Elected as a Populist
Governor of Colorado (1893–1895) Davis Hanson Waite – Elected as a Populist
Governor of Tennessee (1891–1893) John P. Buchanan – Elected on the Farmers' Alliance ticket
Governor of Virginia (1882–1886) William E. Cameron – Elected as Readjuster Party nominee
Governor of West Virginia (1871–1877) John J. Jacob – Elected as an independent

Current Mayors of the largest 50 U.S. cities[edit]

Most mayoral elections are nonpartisan. All of the following are current mayors that are not registered with a major party

Mayor of New York City, New York Michael Bloomberg - Elected in 2001 as a Republican, switched to independent in 2007.

References[edit]

^ "Officeholder Members of the Green Party of the United States". Retrieved 12 August 2012.
^ "Elected Officials - Libertarian Party". Retrieved 12 August 2012.
^ "Chafee spokeswoman confirms he will register as Democrat Thursday". Providence Journal. 2013-05-29. Retrieved 2013-05-29.

National political parties in the United States

List of political parties in the United States

Larger	Constitution Green Libertarian

Smaller¹	America First American Conservative American Freedom America's Christian Liberty Citizens Communist Freedom Socialist Independent American Justice Marijuana Modern Whig National Socialist Movement Objectivist Peace and Freedom Pirate Prohibition Reform Socialism and Liberation Socialist Socialist Action Socialist Alternative Socialist Equality Socialist Workers Unity Workers World

Former parties

¹ Fewer than 50,000 members.

v t e Notable third party performances in United States elections

Presidential (since 1832)	1832 1836 1848 1856 1860 1892 1912 1924 1948 1968 1980 1992 1996

Senatorial (since 1990)	Virginia 1990 Alaska 1992 Arizona 1992 Hawaii 1992 Ohio 1992 Arizona 1994 Minnesota 1994 Ohio 1994 Vermont 1994 Virginia 1994 Alaska 1996 Minnesota 1996 Arizona 2000 Massachusetts 2000 Minnesota 2000 Alaska 2002 Kansas 2002 Massachusetts 2002 Mississippi 2002 Oklahoma 2002 Virginia 2002 Oklahoma 2004 Connecticut 2006 Indiana 2006 Maine 2006 Vermont 2006 Arkansas 2008 Minnesota 2008 Oregon 2008 Alaska 2010 Florida 2010 Indiana 2010 South Carolina 2010 Utah 2010 Indiana 2012 Maine 2012 Maryland 2012 Missouri 2012 Montana 2012 Vermont 2012

Gubernatorial (since 1990)	Alaska 1990 Connecticut 1990 Kansas 1990 Maine 1990 New York 1990 Oklahoma 1990 Oregon 1990 Utah 1992 West Virginia 1992 Alaska 1994 Connecticut 1994 Hawaii 1994 Maine 1994 New Mexico 1994 Oklahoma 1994 Pennsylvania 1994 Rhode Island 1994 Vermont 1994 Alaska 1998 Maine 1998 Minnesota 1998 New York 1998 Pennsylvania 1998 Rhode Island 1998 Kentucky 1999 New Hampshire 2000 Vermont 2000 Arizona 2002 California 2002 Maine 2002 Minnesota 2002 New Mexico 2002 New York 2002 Oklahoma 2002 Wisconsin 2002 Alaska 2006 Illinois 2006 Maine 2006 Massachusetts 2006 Minnesota 2006 Texas 2006 Louisiana 2007 Vermont 2008 New Jersey 2009 Colorado 2010 Idaho 2010 Maine 2010 Massachusetts 2010 Minnesota 2010 Rhode Island 2010 Wyoming 2010

Portal:Politics Third party (United States) Third party officeholders in the United States Third party United States House of Representatives

v t e Third Party U.S. House of Representatives

Greenback Party	Charles N. Brumm Joseph Henry Burrows Ira Sherwin Hazeltine James Mosgrove Theron Moses Rice Bradley Barlow Nicholas Ford Albert P. Forsythe Edward H. Gillette George Jones George W. Ladd William M. Lowe Gilbert De La Matyr Thompson H. Murch Daniel Lindsay Russell James Weaver Hendrick Bradley Wright Seth Hartman Yocum

Populist Party	Caldwell Edwards John Wilbur Atwater William Neville Charles A. Barlow Jeremiah D. Botkin Curtis H. Castle John Edgar Fowler William Laury Greene James Gunn John Edward Kelley Freeman Knowles Charles Martin Samuel Maxwell Nelson B. McCormick Mason S. Peters Edwin R. Ridgely William Ledyard Stark Roderick Dhu Sutherland William D. Vincent Albert Taylor Goodwyn Milford W. Howard Harry Skinner William Franklin Strowd John Calhoun Bell Marion Cannon Lafe Pence Alonzo C. Shuford Thomas Jefferson Hudson Haldor Boen Bill Harris Bill Baker Benjamin H. Clover John Davis Kittel Halvorson Omer Madison Kem William A. McKeighan John G. Otis Jerry Simpson Thomas E. Watson

Silver Party	Thomas L. Glenn Edgar Wilson William Carey Jones John F. Shafroth

Progressive Parties	Franck R. Havenner Thomas Ryum Amlie Gerald J. Boileau Bernard J. Gehrmann Harry Sauthoff George J. Schneider Merlin Hull Gardner R. Withrow Whitmell P. Martin Ira C. Copley Walter M. Chandler Jacob Falconer William H. Hinebaugh Willis James Hulings William Josiah MacDonald Henry Wilson Temple Charles M. Thomson William Stephens Roy O. Woodruff

Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party	Harold Hagen John Bernard Dewey Johnson Henry Teigan Rich T. Buckler Henry M. Arens Magnus Johnson Ernest Lundeen Francis Shoemaker Paul John Kvale Knud Wefald Ole J. Kvale William Leighton Carss

Other Parties	Norman F. Lent Irwin D. Davidson Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr. Leo Isacson Vito Marcantonio Meyer London Victor L. Berger Lewis P. Featherstone Samuel I. Hopkins Henry Smith Benjamin F. Shively

Independents	Virgil Goode Bernie Sanders Frazier Reams Bill Kent John Nichols James Ronald Chalmers Ted Lyman Thomas P. Ochiltree J. Hyatt Smith Henry Persons Emory Speer

Portal:Politics Third party (United States) Third party officeholders in the United States Notable third party performances in United States elections

v t e Third Party United States Senators

Populist Party	Henry Heitfeld William A. Harris William V. Allen James H. Kyle William A. Peffer Marion Butler

Silver Republican Party	Henry M. Teller Fred Dubois Frank J. Cannon Richard F. Pettigrew John P. Jones William M. Stewart Lee Mantle

Other parties	Dean Barkley James L. Buckley Ernest Lundeen Elmer Austin Benson Robert M. La Follette, Jr. Magnus Johnson Henrik Shipstead Miles Poindexter Harrison H. Riddleberger William Mahone

Independents	Angus King Joe Lieberman Bernie Sanders Jim Jeffords Robert C. Smith Harry F. Byrd, Jr. Strom Thurmond Wayne Morse George W. Norris David Davis

Portal:Politics Third party (United States) Third party officeholders in the United States Notable third party performances in United States elections

v t e Third-party governors of U.S. states

Populist Party	William A. Poynter Andrew E. Lee John W. Leedy John Rankin Rogers Silas A. Holcomb Lorenzo D. Lewelling Davis Hanson Waite

Silver Party	Denver S. Dickerson John Sparks Reinhold Sadler John Jones

Other Parties	Jesse Ventura Lowell Weicker Wally Hickel Elmer Austin Benson Hjalmar Petersen Philip La Follette Floyd B. Olson Sidney Johnston Catts John P. Buchanan William E. Cameron

Independents	Lincoln Chafee Charlie Crist Angus King James B. Longley Eli C. D. Shortridge

Portal:Politics Third party (United States) Third party officeholders in the United States Notable third party performances in United States elections

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