13th United States Congress

13th United States Congress
United States Capitol (1814)
Duration: March 4, 1813 – March 3, 1815
Senate President:	Elbridge Gerry, until November 23, 1814
Senate Pres. pro tem:	William H. Crawford Joseph Bradley Varnum John Gaillard
House Speaker:	Henry Clay Langdon Cheves
Members:	36 Senators 182 Representatives 4 Non-voting members
Senate Majority:	Democratic-Republican
House Majority:	Democratic-Republican
Sessions
1st: May 24, 1813 – August 2, 1813 2nd: December 6, 1813 – April 18, 1814 3rd: September 19, 1814 – March 3, 1815
<12th 14th>

The Thirteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1813 to March 3, 1815, during the fifth and sixth years of James Madison's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Third Census of the United States in 1810. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.

Elbridge Gerry, President of the Senate

President pro tempore
Joseph Varnum

Speaker of the House
Henry Clay

Major events

Main articles: 1813, 1814, and 1815

• October 5, 1813: War of 1812: Battle of the Thames
• September 10, 1813: War of 1812: Battle of Lake Erie
• March 27, 1814: Creek War: Battle of Horseshoe Bend
• July 25, 1814: War of 1812: Battle of Lundy's Lane
• August 25, 1814: War of 1812: Burning of Washington
• September 11, 1814: War of 1812: Battle of Lake Champlain
• September 13, 1814: War of 1812: Bombardment of Fort McHenry at Baltimore
• November 7, 1814: War of 1812: Forces under Gen. Andrew Jackson seized Pensacola
• November 23, 1814: Vice President Elbridge Gerry died
• December 15, 1814: Hartford Convention convened
• December 24, 1814: War of 1812: Treaty of Ghent signed
• January 8, 1815: War of 1812: Battle of New Orleans

Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation#13th United States Congress

Treaties ratified

• February 17, 1815: War of 1812: Senate ratified the Treaty of Ghent, 8 Stat. 218

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

	Party (Shading shows control)			Total	Vacant
	Democratic- Republican (DR)	Federalist (F)	Unknown
End of the previous congress	30	6	0	36	0
Begin	27	6	0	33	3
End	24	10	1	35	1
Final voting share	68.6%	28.6%	2.9%
Beginning of the next congress	21	11	1	33	3

House of Representatives

Following the 1810 census, the size of the House was increased to 182 seats from 142.

	Party (Shading shows control)		Total	Vacant
	Democratic- Republican (DR)	Federalist (F)
End of the previous congress	105	36	141	1
Begin	108	68	176	6
End	115	67	182	0
Final voting share	63.2%	36.8%
Beginning of the next congress	131	46	177	5

Leadership

Senate

• President: Elbridge Gerry (DR), until November 23, 1814, thereafter vacant.
• President pro tempore: Joseph B. Varnum (DR), December 6, 1813 – February 3, 1814
  • John Gaillard (DR), elected November 25, 1814

House of Representatives

• Speaker: Henry Clay (DR), to January 19, 1814
  • Langdon Cheves, (DR), from January 19, 1814

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1814; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1816; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1818.

Connecticut

• 3. Chauncey Goodrich (F), until May 1813 ([Data unknown/missing. You can help!])
  • David Daggett (F), from May 13, 1813
• 1. Samuel W. Dana (F)

Delaware

• 1. Outerbridge Horsey (F)
• 2. William H. Wells (F), from May 28, 1813

Georgia

• 2. William H. Crawford (DR), until March 23, 1813
  • William B. Bulloch (DR), April 8, 1813 - November 6, 1813
  • William W. Bibb (DR), from November 6, 1813
• 3. Charles Tait (DR)

Kentucky

• 2. George M. Bibb (DR), until August 23, 1814
  • George Walker (DR), August 30, 1814 - December 16, 1814
  • William T. Barry (DR), from December 16, 1814
• 3. Jesse Bledsoe (DR), until December 24, 1814
  • Isham Talbot (DR), from February 2, 1815

Louisiana

• 2. James Brown (DR)
• 3. Eligius Fromentin (DR)

Maryland

• 1. Samuel Smith (DR)
• 3. Robert H. Goldsborough (F), from May 21, 1813

Massachusetts

• 1. James Lloyd (F), until May 1, 1813
  • Christopher Gore (F), from May 5, 1813
• 2. Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)

New Hampshire

• 2. Nicholas Gilman (DR), until May 2, 1814
  • Thomas W. Thompson (F), from June 24, 1814
• 3. Charles Cutts (DR), April 2, 1813 - June 10, 1813
  • Jeremiah Mason (F), from June 10, 1813

New Jersey

• 1. John Lambert (DR)
• 2. John Condit (DR)

New York

• 1. Obadiah German (DR)
• 3. Rufus King (F)

North Carolina

• 2. James Turner (DR)
• 3. David Stone (DR), until December 24, 1814
  • Francis Locke (Party unknown), from thereafter (date unknown) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Ohio

• 1. Thomas Worthington (DR), until December 1, 1814
  • Joseph Kerr (DR), from December 10, 1814
• 3. Jeremiah Morrow (DR)

Pennsylvania

• 1. Michael Leib (DR), until February 14, 1814
  • Jonathan Roberts (DR), from February 24, 1814
• 3. Abner Lacock (DR)

Rhode Island

• 2. Jeremiah B. Howell (DR)
• 1. William Hunter (F)

South Carolina

• 3. John Gaillard (DR)
• 2. John Taylor (DR)

Tennessee

• 1. Joseph Anderson (DR)
• 2. George W. Campbell (DR), until February 11, 1814
  • Jesse Wharton (DR), from March 17, 1814

Vermont

• 1. Jonathan Robinson (DR)
• 3. Dudley Chase (DR)

Virginia

• 2. William B. Giles (DR), until March 3, 1815
• 1. Richard Brent (DR), until December 30, 1814
  • James Barbour (DR), from January 2, 1815

House of Representatives

See also: United States House of Representatives elections, 1812

Connecticut

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

• At-large. Epaphroditus Champion (F)
• At-large. John Davenport (F)
• At-large. Lyman Law (F)
• At-large. Jonathan O. Moseley (F)
• At-large. Timothy Pitkin (F)
• At-large. Lewis B. Sturges (F)
• At-large. Benjamin Tallmadge (F)

Delaware

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

• At-large. Thomas Cooper (F)
• At-large. Henry M. Ridgely (F)

Georgia

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

• At-large. William Barnett (DR)
• At-large. William W. Bibb (DR), until November 6, 1813
  • Alfred Cuthbert (DR), from December 13, 1813
• At-large. John Forsyth (DR)
• At-large. Bolling Hall (DR)
• At-large. Thomas Telfair (DR)
• At-large. George Troup (DR)

Kentucky

• 1. James Clark (DR)
• 2. Henry Clay (DR), until January 19, 1814
  • Joseph H. Hawkins (DR), from March 29, 1814
• 3. Richard M. Johnson (DR)
• 4. Joseph Desha (DR)
• 5. Samuel Hopkins (DR)
• 6. Solomon P. Sharp (DR)
• 7. Samuel McKee (DR)
• 8. Stephen Ormsby (DR), from April 20, 1813
• 9. Thomas Montgomery (DR)
• 10. William P. Duval (DR)

Louisiana

• At-large. Thomas B. Robertson (DR)

Maryland

The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.

• 1. Philip Stuart (F)
• 2. Joseph Kent (DR)
• 3. Alexander C. Hanson (F)
• 4. Samuel Ringgold (DR)
• 5. Alexander McKim (DR)
• 5. Nicholas R. Moore (DR)
• 6. Stevenson Archer (DR)
• 7. Robert Wright (DR)
• 8. Charles Goldsborough (F)

Massachusetts

• 1. Artemas Ward, Jr. (F)
• 2. William Reed (F)
• 3. Timothy Pickering (F)
• 4. William M. Richardson (DR), until April 18, 1814
  • Samuel Dana (DR), September 22, 1814
• 5. William Ely (F)
• 6. Samuel Taggart (F)
• 7. William Baylies (F)
• 8. John Reed, Jr. (F)
• 9. Laban Wheaton (F)
• 10. Elijah Brigham (F)
• 11. Abijah Bigelow (F)
• 12. Daniel Dewey (F), until February 24, 1814
  • John W. Hulbert (F), from November 2, 1814
• 13. Nathaniel Ruggles (F)
• 14. Cyrus King (F)
• 15. George Bradbury (F)
• 16. Samuel Davis (F)
• 17. Abiel Wood (DR)
• 18. John Wilson (F)
• 19. James Parker (DR)
• 20. Levi Hubbard (DR)

New Hampshire

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

• At-large. Bradbury Cilley (F)
• At-large. William Hale (F)
• At-large. Samuel Smith (F)
• At-large. Roger Vose (F)
• At-large. Daniel Webster (F)
• At-large. Jeduthun Wilcox (F)

New Jersey

There were three plural districts, each had two representatives each.

• 1. Lewis Condict (DR)
• 1. Thomas Ward (DR)
• 2. James Schureman (F)
• 2. Richard Stockton (F)
• 3. William Coxe, Jr. (F)
• 3. Jacob Hufty (F), until May 20, 1814
  • Thomas Bines (DR), from November 2, 1814

New York

There were six plural districts, the 1st, 2nd, 12th, 15th, 20th & 21st, each had two representatives.

• 1. John Lefferts (DR)
• 1. Ebenezer Sage (DR)
• 2. Egbert Benson (F), until August 2, 1813
  • William Irving (DR), from January 22, 1814
• 2. Jotham Post, Jr. (F)
• 3. Peter Denoyelles (DR)
• 4. Thomas J. Oakley (F)
• 5. Thomas P. Grosvenor (F)
• 6. Jonathan Fisk (DR)
• 7. Abraham J. Hasbrouck (DR)
• 8. Samuel Sherwood (F)
• 9. John Lovett (F)
• 10. Hosea Moffitt (F)
• 11. John W. Taylor (DR)
• 12. Zebulon R. Shipherd (F)
• 12. Elisha I. Winter (F)
• 13. Alexander Boyd (F)
• 14. Jacob Markell (F)
• 15. vacant to June 21, 1813
  • John M. Bowers (F), from June 21 to December 20, 1813
  • Isaac Williams, Jr. (DR), from January 24, 1814
• 15. Joel Thompson (F)
• 16. Morris S. Miller (F)
• 17. William S. Smith (F)
• 18. Moss Kent (F)
• 19. James Geddes (F)
• 20. Daniel Avery (DR)
• 20. Oliver C. Comstock (DR)
• 21. Samuel M. Hopkins (F)
• 21. Nathaniel W. Howell (F)

North Carolina

• 1. William H. Murfree (DR)
• 2. Willis Alston (DR)
• 3. William Kennedy (DR)
• 4. William Gaston (F)
• 5. William R. King (DR)
• 6. Nathaniel Macon (DR)
• 7. John Culpepper (F)
• 8. Richard Stanford (DR)
• 9. Bartlett Yancey (DR)
• 10. Joseph Pearson (F)
• 11. Peter Forney (DR)
• 12. Israel Pickens (DR)
• 13. Meshack Franklin (DR)

Ohio

• 1. John McLean (DR)
• 2. John Alexander (DR)
• 3. William Creighton, Jr. (DR), from May 4, 1813
• 4. James Caldwell (DR)
• 5. James Kilbourne (DR)
• 6. Reasin Beall (DR), April 20, 1813 – June 7, 1814
  • David Clendenin (DR), from October 11, 1814

Pennsylvania

There were six plural districts, the 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th & 10th had two representatives each, the 1st had four representatives.

• 1. William Anderson (DR)
• 1. John Conard (DR)
• 1. Charles J. Ingersoll (DR)
• 1. Adam Seybert (DR)
• 2. Roger Davis (DR)
• 2. Jonathan Roberts (DR), until February 24, 1814
  • Samuel Henderson (F), from October 11, 1814
• 3. John Gloninger (F), until August 2, 1813
  • Edward Crouch (DR), from October 12, 1813
• 3. James Whitehill (DR), until September 1, 1814
  • Amos Slaymaker (F), from October 11, 1814
• 4. Hugh Glasgow (DR)
• 5. William Crawford (DR)
• 5. Robert Whitehill (DR), until April 8, 1813
  • John Rea (DR), from May 11, 1813
• 6. Robert Brown (DR)
• 6. Samuel D. Ingham (DR)
• 7. John M. Hyneman (DR), until May 24, 1813
  • Daniel Udree (DR), from October 12, 1813
• 8. William Piper (DR)
• 9. David Bard (DR)
• 10. Jared Irwin (DR)
• 10. Isaac Smith (DR)
• 11. William Findley (DR)
• 12. Aaron Lyle (DR)
• 13. Isaac Griffin (DR), from May 24, 1813
• 14. Adamson Tannehill (DR)
• 15. Thomas Wilson (DR), from May 14, 1813

Rhode Island

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

• At-large. Richard Jackson, Jr. (F)
• At-large. Elisha R. Potter (F)

South Carolina

• 1. Langdon Cheves (DR)
• 2. William Lowndes (DR)
• 3. Theodore Gourdin (DR)
• 4. John J. Chappell (DR)
• 5. David R. Evans (DR)
• 6. John C. Calhoun (DR)
• 7. Elias Earle (DR)
• 8. Samuel Farrow (DR)
• 9. John Kershaw (DR)

Tennessee

• 1. John Rhea (DR)
• 2. John Sevier (DR)
• 3. Thomas K. Harris (DR)
• 4. John H. Bowen (DR)
• 5. Felix Grundy (DR), until ????, 1814
  • Newton Cannon (DR), from September 16, 1814
• 6. Parry W. Humphreys (DR)

Vermont

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

• At-large. William C. Bradley (DR)
• At-large. Ezra Butler (DR)
• At-large. James Fisk (DR)
• At-large. Charles Rich (DR)
• At-large. Richard Skinner (DR)
• At-large. William Strong (DR)

Virginia

• 1. John G. Jackson (DR)
• 2. Francis White (F)
• 3. John Smith (DR)
• 4. William McCoy (DR)
• 5. James Breckinridge (F)
• 6. Daniel Sheffey (F)
• 7. Hugh Caperton (F)
• 8. Joseph Lewis, Jr. (F)
• 9. John P. Hungerford (DR)
• 10. Aylett Hawes (DR)
• 11. John Dawson (DR), until March 31, 1814
  • Philip P. Barbour (DR), from September 19, 1814
• 12. John Roane (DR)
• 13. Thomas M. Bayly (F)
• 14. William A. Burwell (DR)
• 15. John Kerr (DR)
• 16. John W. Eppes (DR)
• 17. James Pleasants (DR)
• 18. Thomas Gholson, Jr. (DR)
• 19. Peterson Goodwyn (DR)
• 20. James Johnson (DR)
• 21. Thomas Newton, Jr. (DR)
• 22. Hugh Nelson (DR)
• 23. John Clopton (DR)

Non-voting delegates

• Illinois Territory. Shadrach Bond, until August 2, 1813
  • Benjamin Stephenson, from November 14, 1814
• Indiana Territory. Jonathan Jennings
• Mississippi Territory. William Lattimore
• Missouri Territory. Edward Hempstead, until September 17, 1814
  • Rufus Easton, from September 17, 1814

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

• replacements: 9
  • Democratic-Republicans: 2 seat net loss
  • Federalists: 2 seat net gain
• deaths: 2
• resignations: 10
• interim appointments: 3
• vacancies: 3
• Total seats with changes: 15

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate

State (class)	Former senator	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's installation
New Hampshire (3)	Vacant	Appointed to fill vacancy	Charles Cutts (DR)	Appointed April 2, 1813
Maryland (3)	Vacant	Failure to elect	Robert H. Goldsborough (F)	Seated May 21, 1813
Delaware (2)	Vacant	James A. Bayard (F) resigned at the end of the previous Congress	William H. Wells (F)	Seated May 28, 1813
Georgia (2)	William H. Crawford (DR)	Resigned March 23, 1813	William B. Bulloch (DR)	Seated April 8, 1813
Connecticut (3)	Chauncey Goodrich (F)	Resigned May, 1813 to become Lieutenant Governor	David Daggett (F)	Seated May 13, 1813
Massachusetts (1)	James Lloyd (F)	Resigned May 1, 1813	Christopher Gore (F)	Seated May 5, 1813
New Hampshire (3)	Charles Cutts (DR)	Successor elected June 10, 1813	Jeremiah Mason (F)	Seated June 10, 1813
Georgia (2)	William B. Bulloch (DR)	Successor elected November 6, 1813	William W. Bibb (DR)	Seated November 6, 1813
Tennessee (2)	George W. Campbell (DR)	Resigned February 11, 1814 after being appointed US Secretary of the Treasury	Jesse Wharton (DR)	Seated March 17, 1814
Pennsylvania (1)	Michael Leib (DR)	Resigned February 14, 1814 after becoming Postmaster of Philadelphia	Jonathan Roberts (DR)	Seated February 24, 1814
New Hampshire (2)	Nicholas Gilman (DR)	Died May 2, 1814	Thomas W. Thompson (F)	Seated June 24, 1814
Kentucky (2)	George M. Bibb (DR)	Resigned August 23, 1814	George Walker (DR)	Seated August 30, 1814
Ohio (1)	Thomas Worthington (DR)	Resigned December 1, 1814 after being elected Governor	Joseph Kerr (DR)	Seated December 10, 1814
Kentucky (2)	George Walker (DR)	Successor elected December 16, 1814	William T. Barry (DR)	Seated December 16, 1814
North Carolina (3)	David Stone (DR)	Resigned December 24, 1814. His successor was elected.	Francis Locke	Never seated for failing to qualify
Kentucky (3)	Jesse Bledsoe (DR)	Resigned December 24, 1814	Isham Talbot (DR)	Seated February 2, 1815
Virginia (1)	Richard Brent (DR)	Died December 30, 1814	James Barbour (DR)	Seated January 2, 1815
Virginia (2)	William B. Giles (DR)	Resigned March 3, 1815	Vacant	Vacant for remainder of term

House of Representatives

• replacements: 13
  • Democratic-Republicans: 17-seat net gain
  • Federalists: 2-seat net loss
• deaths: 6
• resignations: 13
• contested election: 1
• vacancies: 4
• Total seats with changes: 19

Main article: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

District	Vacator	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's installation
Kentucky 8th	Vacant	Rep.-elect John Simpson died before this Congress began	Stephen Ormsby (DR)	Seated May 28, 1813
Ohio 6th	Vacant	Rep.-elect John Stark Edwards died before this Congress began	Reasin Beall (DR)	Seated June 8, 1813
Pennsylvania 15th	Vacant	Rep.-elect Abner Lacock resigned before commencement of Congress after being elected US Senator	Thomas Wilson (DR)	Seated May 28, 1813
Pennsylvania 13th	Vacant	Rep.-elect John Smilie died before this Congress began	Isaac Griffin (DR)	Seated May 24, 1813
New York 15th	Vacant	Rep-elect William Dowse died on February 18, 1813	John M. Bowers (F)	Seated June 21, 1813
Ohio 3rd	Vacant	Duncan McArthur Resigned April 5, 1813, having not qualified	William Creighton, Jr. (DR)	Seated June 15, 1813
Pennsylvania 5th	Robert Whitehill (DR)	Died April 8, 1813	John Rea (DR)	Seated May 28, 1813
New York 2nd	Egbert Benson (F)	Resigned August 2, 1813	William Irving (DR)	Seated January 22, 1814
Pennsylvania 3rd	John Gloninger (F)	Resigned August 2, 1813	Edward Crouch (DR)	Seated December 6, 1813
Pennsylvania 7th	John M. Hyneman (DR)	Resigned August 2, 1813	Daniel Udree (DR)	Seated December 6, 1813
Illinois Territory At-large	Shadrach Bond	Until August 2, 1813	Benjamin Stephenson	Seated November 14, 1814
Georgia At-large	William W. Bibb (DR)	Resigned November 6, 1813 after being elected to US Senate	Alfred Cuthbert (DR)	Seated February 7, 1814
New York 15th	John M. Bowers (F)	Contested election, Bowers ousted on December 20, 1813	Isaac Williams, Jr. (DR)	Seated January 24, 1814
Tennessee 5th	Felix Grundy (DR)	Resigned sometime in 1814	Newton Cannon (DR)	Seated October 15, 1814
Kentucky 2nd	Henry Clay (DR)	Resigned January 19, 1814	Joseph H. Hawkins (DR)	Seated March 29, 1814
Massachusetts 12th	Daniel Dewey (F)	Resigned February 24, 1814 after being appointed Associate Judge of Massachusetts Supreme Court	John W. Hulbert (F)	Seated September 26, 1814
Pennsylvania 2nd	Jonathan Roberts (DR)	Resigned February 24, 1814 after being elected US Senator	Samuel Henderson (F)	Seated November 29, 1814
Virginia 11th	John Dawson (DR)	Died March 31, 1814	Philip Barbour (DR)	Seated September 19, 1814
Massachusetts 4th	William M. Richardson (DR)	Resigned April 18, 1814	Samuel Dana (DR)	Seated September 22, 1814
New Jersey 3rd	Jacob Hufty (F)	Died May 20, 1814	Thomas Bines (DR)	Seated November 2, 1814
Ohio 6th	Reasin Beall (DR)	Resigned June 7, 1814	David Clendenin (DR)	Seated December 22, 1814
Pennsylvania 3rd	James Whitehill (DR)	Resigned September 1, 1814	Amos Slaymaker (F)	Seated December 12, 1814
Missouri Territory At-large	Edward Hempstead	Until September 17, 1814	Rufus Easton	Seated November 16, 1814

Employees

• Architect of the Capitol: Benjamin Latrobe

Senate

• Chaplain: John Brackenridge (Presbyterian)
  • Jesse Lee, Methodist, elected September 27, 1814
• Secretary: Samuel A. Otis
  • Charles Cutts, elected October 11, 1814
• Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly

House of Representatives

• Chaplain: Jesse Lee (Methodist), elected May 24, 1813
  • Obadiah B. Brown (Baptist), elected September 19, 1814
• Clerk: Patrick Magruder, elected May 24, 1813, resigned January 28, 1815
  • Thomas Dougherty, elected January 30, 1815
• Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton, elected May 24, 1813
• Sergeant at Arms: Thomas Dunn, elected May 24, 1813

References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 

External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
• U.S. House of Representatives: House History
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists