Thomas Hinman Moorer

Thomas Hinman Moorer
Admiral Thomas H. Moorer, U.S. Navy
Born	(1912-02-09)February 9, 1912 Mount Willing, Alabama, U.S.
Died	February 5, 2004(2004-02-05) (aged 91) Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.
Buried at	Arlington National Cemetery
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	United States Navy
Years of service	1933–1974
Rank	Admiral
Commands held	Chief of Naval Operations Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Battles/wars	World War II Vietnam War
Awards	Defense Distinguished Service Medal (2) Navy Distinguished Service Medal (5) Silver Star Legion of Merit Distinguished Flying Cross Purple Heart Gray Eagle Award

Thomas Hinman Moorer (February 9, 1912 – February 5, 2004) was an admiral and naval aviator in the United States Navy who served as Chief of Naval Operations from 1967 to 1970, and as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1970 to 1974.

External audio

You may watch an interview with Thomas Moorer about his experiences serving during the Vietnam War here.

Early life and education

Moorer was born in Mount Willing, Alabama on February 9, 1912. His father, a dentist, named his son for his favorite professor at Atlanta-Southern Dental College, Dr. Thomas Hinman. Moorer was raised in Eufaula, Alabama.

Career

Moorer graduated from the United States Naval Academy on June 1, 1933 and was commissioned an ensign. After completing Naval Aviation training at the Pensacola Naval Air Station in 1936, he flew with fighter squadrons based on the aircraft carriers USS Langley, USS Lexington and USS Enterprise.

World War II

In addition to his fighter experience, Moorer also qualified in seaplanes and flew with a patrol squadron in the early years of World War II. Serving with Patrol Squadron Twenty-Two at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, when the Japanese Empire attacked on December 7, 1941, his squadron subsequently participated in the 1941-42 Dutch East Indies Campaign in the southwest Pacific, where he flew numerous combat missions. Moorer received a Purple Heart after being shot down and wounded off the coast of Australia in February 1942 and then surviving an attack on the rescue ship, which was sunk by enemy action the same day. Moorer also received the Distinguished Flying Cross for his valor three months later when he braved Japanese air superiority to fly supplies into, and evacuate wounded out of. the island of Timor.

Vietnam War

Promoted to vice admiral to 1962, and to admiral in 1964, Moorer served both as Commander-in-Chief of the Pacific Fleet and Commander-in-Chief of the Atlantic Fleet — the first Navy officer to have commanded both fleets. Moorer was Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet at the time of the Gulf of Tonkin incident and ordered an internal investigation into the conflicting reports which emerged following the event.

Moorer served as the Chief of Naval Operations between 1967 and 1970, at the height of U.S. involvement in Vietnam and worked closely with the most senior officers in the U.S. Military and Government. He also served as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1970 until 1974.

Moorer personally mastermined the 1972 mining of Hai Phong Harbor and believed that such an operation if such an operation had been conducted in 1964 it would have "made a significant difference in the outcome of the war."

Attack on the USS Liberty

Moorer believed that the attack on the USS Liberty in 1967 was a deliberate act on the part of the Israelis and that President Lyndon B. Johnson ordered the cover-up to maintain ties with Israel.

Moorer claimed that "Israel attempted to prevent the Liberty's radio operators from sending a call for help by jamming American emergency radio channels.[And that] Israeli torpedo boats machine-gunned lifeboats at close range that had been lowered to rescue the most-seriously wounded." Moorer stated that there had been a conspiracy to cover up the event and asked readers of his opinion article in the official newspaper of the United States Armed Forces (Stars and Stripes) whether "our government put Israel's interests ahead of our own? If so, Why? Does our government continue to subordinate American interests to Israeli interests?"

Death

Moorer died on February 5, 2004, at the U.S. Naval Hospital in Bethesda, Maryland at the age of 91. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

Legacy

The National Guard Armory (Fort Thomas H. Moorer Armory) in Fort Deposit, Alabama is named after Moorer, as is a middle school in Eufaula, Alabama.

Awards and decorations

U.S. military personal decorations, unit awards, campaign awards

Senior U.S. Navy commanders pose around an illuminated globe in 1968: Admirals John J. Hyland, John S. McCain, Jr., Chief of Naval Operations Moorer, and Ephraim P. Holmes.

	Defense Distinguished Service Medal with Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster
	Navy Distinguished Service Medal with four Gold Award stars
	Silver Star
	Legion of Merit
	Distinguished Flying Cross
	Purple Heart
	Presidential Unit Citation
	American Defense Service Medal with A Device
	American Campaign Medal
	Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with two stars
	European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal
	World War II Victory Medal
	Navy Occupation Service Medal with Europe and Asia Clasps
	China Service Medal
	National Defense Service Medal with bronze star
	Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
	Vietnam Service Medal
	Philippine Defense Medal
	Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal with 1960- device.

Foreign personal decorations

He also has been decorated by thirteen foreign governments:

• Portugal (Military Order of Aviz, Grand Cross);
• Greece (Silver Star Medal, First Class);
• Japan (Order of Double Rays of the Rising Sun) and (First Class of the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun);
• Republic of China (Precious Tripod (Pao-Ting) Medal) and (Order of Cloud and Banner (Yun Hui) with Special Grand Cordon);
• Philippines (Legion of Honor rank of Commander)
• Brazil (Order of the Naval Merit, Grande Official);
• Chile (Gran Estrella al Merito Militar);
• Venezuela (Order of Naval Merit 1st Class);
• Republic of Korea (Order of National Security Merit, 1st Class);
• Netherlands (Grand Cross, Order of Orange-Nassau with Swords);
• Federal Republic of Germany (Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit);
• Italy (Knight of the Grand Cross);
• Spain (Grand Cross of Navy Merit);
• Norway (Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olaf).

Civilian awards

• Stephen Decatur Award for Operational Competence by the Navy League of the United States (May 1964)
• Honorary Doctor of Laws Degree awarded by Auburn University (1968)
• General William Mitchell Award, Wings Club of New York City (February 1968)
• Member, Alabama Academy of Honor (August 1969)
• Honorary Doctor of Humanities Degree awarded by Samford University (May 1970)
• Frank M. Hawks Award for Outstanding Contributions to the Development of Aviation by the American Legion Air Service Post 501, New York City (January 1971)
• The Gray Eagle Award presented at the Washington Navy Yard (June 29, 1972)
• The Lone Sailor Award by the U. S. Navy Memorial Foundation (1989)
• The National Football Foundation Gold Medal (1990)

Bibliography

• Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs) (February 05, 2004). "Death of Retired U.S. Navy Adm. Thomas M. Moorer" (Press release). U.S. Department of Defense. Retrieved 2005-03-24. 
• RADM Clarence A. (Mark) Hill, Jr.,USN (Ret) (24 February 2004). "In Memory of Adm. Thomas Moorer (eulogy)". Archived from the original on 2004-12-05. Retrieved 2005-03-24. 

External links

• Media related to Thomas Hinman Moorer at Wikimedia Commons
• "Thomas H. Moorer, Admiral, United States Navy". Arlington National Cemetery website. 

Military offices
Preceded by U.S. Grant Sharp, Jr.	Commander in Chief of the United States Pacific Fleet 26 June 1964 – 30 March 1965	Succeeded by Roy L. Johnson
Preceded by Harold Page Smith	Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic 30 Apr 1965 – 17 Jun 1967	Succeeded by Ephraim P. Holmes
Preceded by Harold Page Smith	Commander in Chief of the United States Atlantic Command 30 Apr 1965 – 17 Jun 1967	Succeeded by Ephraim P. Holmes
Preceded by Harold Page Smith	Commander in Chief of the United States Atlantic Fleet 30 Apr 1965 – 17 Jun 1967	Succeeded by Ephraim P. Holmes
Preceded by David L. McDonald	United States Chief of Naval Operations 1 August 1967 – 1 July 1970	Succeeded by Elmo R. Zumwalt
Preceded by Earle G. Wheeler	Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff July 2, 1970 – July 1, 1974	Succeeded by George S. Brown