# Prouhet–Thue–Morse constant

(Redirected from Thue–Morse constant)

In mathematics, the Prouhet–Thue–Morse constant, named for Eugène Prouhet, Axel Thue, and Marston Morse, is the number — denoted by $\tau$ — whose binary expansion .01101001100101101001011001101001... is given by the Thue–Morse sequence. That is,

$\tau = \sum_{i=0}^{\infty} \frac{t_i}{2^{i+1}} = 0.412454033640 \ldots$

where $t_i$ is the ith element of the Prouhet–Thue–Morse sequence.

The generating series for the $t_i$ is given by

$\tau(x) = \sum_{i=0}^{\infty} (-1)^{t_i} \, x^i = \frac{1}{1-x} - 2 \sum_{i=0}^{\infty} t_i \, x^i$

and can be expressed as

$\tau(x) = \prod_{n=0}^{\infty} ( 1 - x^{2^n} ).$

This is the product of Frobenius polynomials, and thus generalizes to arbitrary fields.

The Prouhet–Thue–Morse constant was shown to be transcendental by Kurt Mahler in 1929.[1]

## Applications

The Prouhet–Thue–Morse constant occurs as the angle of the Douady–Hubbard ray at the end of the sequence of western bulbs of the Mandelbrot set. This property is tied to the nature of period doubling in the Mandelbrot set.[2][clarification needed]

## Notes

1. ^ Mahler, Kurt (1929). "Arithmetische Eigenschaften der Lösungen einer Klasse von Funktionalgleichungen". Math. Annalen 101: 342–366. JFM 55.0115.01.
2. ^ Parameter Ray Atlas (2000) provides a link to the Mandelbrot set.