Thymoquinone
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| Thymoquinone | |
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2-Isopropyl-5-methylbenzo-1,4-quinone |
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Other names
Thymoquinone |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 490-91-5  |
| PubChem | 10281 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1672002  |
| Jmol-3D images | Image 1 |
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| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C10H12O2 |
| Molar mass | 164.2 g mol−1 |
 (verify) (what is:  / ?)Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
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| Infobox references | |
Thymoquinone is a phytochemical compound found in the plant Nigella sativa. It has antioxidant effects and has been shown to protect against heart, liver and kidney damage in animal studies[1] [2], as well as having possible anti-cancer effects.[3] [4] [5][6][7] It also has analgesic[8] and anticonvulsant effects in animal models.[9] It is an angiogenesis inhibitor.
In 2008 in-vitro tests showed it was an HDAC inhibitor and could kill pancreatic cancer cells, affecting important genes such p53, Bax, bcl-2 and p21.[10]
As of August 2011[update] there were no clinical trials registered for thymoquinone.[11]
[edit] References
- ^ Badary, OA; Nagi, MN; Al-Shabanah, OA; Al-Sawaf, HA; Al-Sohaibani, MO; Al-Bekairi, AM (1997). "Thymoquinone ameliorates the nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in rodents and potentiates its antitumor activity". Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology 75 (12): 1356–61. doi:10.1139/y97-169. PMID 9534946.
- ^ Al-Shabanah, OA; Badary, OA; Nagi, MN; Al-Gharably, NM; Al-Rikabi, AC; Al-Bekairi, AM (1998). "Thymoquinone protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity without compromising its antitumor activity". Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 17 (2): 193–8. PMID 9700580.
- ^ Houghton, PJ; Zarka, R; De Las Heras, B; Hoult, JR (1995). "Fixed oil of Nigella sativa and derived thymoquinone inhibit eicosanoid generation in leukocytes and membrane lipid peroxidation". Planta medica 61 (1): 33–6. doi:10.1055/s-2006-957994. PMID 7700988.
- ^ Badary, OA; Al-Shabanah, OA; Nagi, MN; Al-Rikabi, AC; Elmazar, MM (1999). "Inhibition of benzo(a)pyrene-induced forestomach carcinogenesis in mice by thymoquinone". European Journal of Cancer Prevention 8 (5): 435–40. doi:10.1097/00008469-199910000-00009. PMID 10548399.
- ^ Ali, BH; Blunden, G (2003). "Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa". Phytotherapy research : PTR 17 (4): 299–305. doi:10.1002/ptr.1309. PMID 12722128.
- ^ Gali-Muhtasib, H; Roessner, A; Schneider-Stock, R (2006). "Thymoquinone: a promising anti-cancer drug from natural sources". The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 38 (8): 1249–53. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.10.009. PMID 16314136.
- ^ Al-Majed, AA; Al-Omar, FA; Nagi, MN (2006). "Neuroprotective effects of thymoquinone against transient forebrain ischemia in the rat hippocampus". European journal of pharmacology 543 (1–3): 40–7. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.05.046. PMID 16828080.
- ^ Abdel-Fattah, AM; Matsumoto, K; Watanabe, H (2000). "Antinociceptive effects of Nigella sativa oil and its major component, thymoquinone, in mice". European journal of pharmacology 400 (1): 89–97. doi:10.1016/S0014-2999(00)00340-X. PMID 10913589.
- ^ Hosseinzadeh, H; Parvardeh, S (2004). "Anticonvulsant effects of thymoquinone, the major constituent of Nigella sativa seeds, in mice". Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 11 (1): 56–64. doi:10.1078/0944-7113-00376. PMID 14971722.
- ^ "Traditional herbal medicine kills pancreatic cancer cells, researchers report.". May 19, 2008. http://www.physorg.com/news130410814.html.
- ^ http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=Thymoquinone
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