Tidal Basin

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Tidal Basin (District of Columbia)
Tidal Basin (District of Columbia)
Location	Washington, D.C.
Coordinates	38°53′01″N 77°02′20″W / 38.8837231°N 77.0388658°WCoordinates: 38°53′01″N 77°02′20″W / 38.8837231°N 77.0388658°W
Lake type	Artificial
Primary inflows	Potomac River; 38°52′49″N 77°02′25″W / 38.880177°N 77.040267°W
Primary outflows	Washington Channel; 38°52′58″N 77°01′59″W / 38.882765°N 77.033044°W
Basin countries	United States
Surface area	107 acres (0.43 km2)
Average depth	10 feet (3.0 m)
Surface elevation	3 feet (0.91 m)
References	"Tidal Basin". Geographic Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:531843.

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For a generic basin or vessel that can be flooded and drained, see drydock.

The Tidal Basin is a partially human-made reservoir between the Potomac River and the Washington Channel in Washington, D.C. It is part of West Potomac Park and is a focal point of the National Cherry Blossom Festival held each spring. The Jefferson Memorial, the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial, the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial, and the George Mason Memorial are situated adjacent to the Tidal Basin. The basin covers an area of about 107 acres (0.43 km²) and is 10 feet (3.0 m) deep.

[edit] History

Tidal Basin in the 1920s

The concept of the Tidal Basin originated in the 1880s to serve both as a visual centerpiece and as a means for flushing the Washington Channel, a harbor separated from the Potomac River by fill lands where East Potomac Park is situated. Peter Conover Hains, an engineering officer in the U.S. Army, oversaw the design and construction.

[edit] Design

The Tidal Basin with cherry blossoms

Orphans playing in the Tidal Basin circa 1924

The basin is designed to release 250 million US gallons (950,000 m³) of water captured at high tide twice a day. The inlet gates, located on the Potomac side of the basin, allow water to enter the basin during high tide. During this time, the outlet gates, on the Washington Channel side, close to store incoming water and block the flow of water and sediment into the channel. As the tide begins to ebb, the general outflow of water from the basin forces the inlet gates to close. This same force is applied to the outlet gates, which open into the channel. Silt build up is swept away by the extra force of water running from the Tidal Basin through the channel. The gates are maintained as navigable by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, which has recently completed a project to restore the functioning of the gates.

[edit] Incidents

The Tidal Basin was the scene of a scandalous drunken incident involving the Chairman of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Ways and Means, Democratic Congressman Wilbur Mills. On October 7, 1974, Mills' car, with an Argentine stripper known as Fanne Foxe in the back with Mills and driven by a former Nixon staffer, was stopped by US Park police late at night because the driver had not turned on the headlights. Mills was intoxicated and his face was cut from a scuffle with Foxe. When police approached the car, Foxe leapt from the car and jumped into the nearby Tidal Basin. Despite the scandal, Mills was re-elected to Congress in November 1974 with 60% of the vote, but in December he drunkenly staggered onstage at a Boston strip club where Ms. Foxe was performing. Soon after this second embarrassment Mills was forced to step down from his chairmanship of the Ways and Means Committee. Mills eventually acknowledged his alcoholism, sought treatment at the West Palm Beach Institute, and joined Alcoholics Anonymous. He did not seek re-election in 1976.^[1]