Tiki culture
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tiki culture refers to a 20th-century theme used in Polynesian-style restaurants and clubs originally in the United States and then, to a lesser degree, around the world. Although inspired in part by Tiki carvings and mythology, the connection is loose and stylistic.
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[edit] Tiki culture in the United States
Tiki culture in the United States began in 1934 with the opening of Don the Beachcomber, a Polynesian-themed bar and restaurant in Hollywood. The proprietor was Ernest Raymond Beaumont-Gantt, a young man from Louisiana who had sailed throughout the South Pacific; later he legally changed his name to Donn Beach. His restaurant featured Cantonese cuisine and exotic rum punches, with a decor of flaming torches, rattan furniture, flower leis, and brightly colored fabrics. Three years later, Victor Bergeron, better known as Trader Vic, adopted a Tiki theme for his restaurant in Oakland, which eventually grew to become a worldwide chain.[1]. The theme took on a life during the restaurant's growth in the Bay Area. The Trader Vic in Palo not only spawned architectural choices, such as the architectural concept behind the odd looking Tiki Inn Motel [2], which still exists as the Stanford Terrace Inn [3]. There also currently exists a modern sculpture garden from Papua New Guinea [4] that was made to celebrate the modern form of art that was a large part of the original inspiration [5] for tiki culture
[edit] Cuisine
Trader Vic's and Don the Beachcomber created a variety of "Polynesian" dishes, including crab Rangoon and rumaki.
[edit] After World War II
When American soldiers returned home from World War II, they brought with them stories and souvenirs from the South Pacific. James Michener won the 1948 Pulitzer Prize for his collection of short stories, Tales of the South Pacific, which in turn was the basis for South Pacific, the 1949 musical by Rodgers and Hammerstein, also a Pulitzer Prize winner. Hawaiian Statehood further drove interest in the area and Americans fell in love with their romanticized version of an exotic culture. A further factor was the excitement surrounding the Kon-Tiki expedition. Polynesian design began to infuse every aspect of the country's visual aesthetic, from home accessories to architecture.
[edit] Music
Soon came integration of the idea into music by artists like Les Baxter, Arthur Lyman, and Martin Denny, who blended the Tiki idea through jazz augmented with Polynesian, Asian, and Latin instruments and "tropical" themes creating the Exotica genre. This music blended the elements of Afro-Cuban rhythms, unusual instrumentations, environmental sounds, and lush romantic themes from Hollywood movies, topped off with evocative titles like "Jaguar God", into a cultural hybrid native to nowhere.
There were two primary strains of this kind of exotica: Jungle and Tiki. Jungle exotica was a Hollywood creation, with its roots in Tarzan movies and further back, to William Henry Hudson's novel Green Mansions. Les Baxter was the king of jungle exotica, and spawned a host of imitators while opening the doors for a few more genuine articles such as Chaino, Thurston Knudson, and Guy Warren.
Tiki exotica was introduced with Martin Denny's Waikiki nightclub combo cum jungle noises cover of Baxter's Quiet Village. Tiki rode a wave of popularity in the late 1950s and early 1960s marked by the entrance of Hawaii as the 50th state in 1959 and the introduction of Tiki hut bars and restaurants around the continental United States.
Tiki exotica has enjoyed a resurgence in popularity, and Tiki mugs and torches that once collected dust in thrift stores are now hot items, largely because of their camp value.
[edit] Revival of Tiki culture
Several books on the subject of Tiki kitsch have been published. A brand of Mexican tequila has created a hand-blown glass bottle with a five inch glass tiki inside[6]
[edit] See also
- Tiki bar
- Tiki mugs
- Tiki Ti
- Mai-Kai Restaurant
- The Bamboo Lounge
- Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room and Disney's Polynesian Resort
- Mai Tai
- Tiki Bar TV
- Lounge music
- Ultra lounge
[edit] Further reading
- Sven A. Kirsten: The Book of Tiki. Taschen 2003, ISBN 3-8228-2433-X
- Jay Strongman: "Tiki Mugs". Korero Books, 2008, ISBN 978-09553398-1-3 Book Homepage
- Sven A. Kirsten: Tiki Modern and the Wild World of Witco. Taschen 2007, ISBN 978-3-8228-4717-6
- Duke Carter: Tiki Quest. Pegboard Press (August 2003), ISBN 0-9743283-0-8
- James Teitelbaum: Tiki Road Trip. Santa Monica Press (May 1, 2003), ISBN 1-891661-30-2; 2nd edition released June 1, 2007.
- Otto Von Stroheim, Robert Williams: Tiki Art Now! A Volcanic Eruption of Art. Last Gasp (November 10, 2004), ISBN 0-86719-627-0
- Jeff Berry: "Sippin' Safari: In Search of the Great "Lost" Tropical Drink Recipes... and the People Behind Them". SLG Publishing 2007, ISBN 978-1-5936-2067-7
