Tilly Whim Caves
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2008) |
Tilly Whim Caves consists of three stone quarries in Durlston Country Park, 1 mile south of Swanage, on the Isle of Purbeck, in Dorset, southern England.
Tilly Whim is probably an anglicised version of the gaelic "Tulach Uamh" roughly translated as knoll cave.[1] Or the name may have been derived from a former quarryman, called a "Tilly", and the type of primitive wooden crane used at the time, known as a "Whim", generally called a derrick or gibbet. However, Tilly Whim lies at the southern end of the Manor of Eightholds and there is a common field called Tilly Mead at the northern end of the estate.[2]
Tilly Whim Caves were limestone quarries that were worked predominantly during the eighteenth century. Purbeck Stone, a valuable type of Limestone, was extracted from the Tilly Whim caves. Using only metal punches, wedges and hammers to split the rock into workable blocks, the quarrymen mined the stone horizontally out of the cliff face. The quarrymen were also skilled stonemasons. They worked most of the stone within the quarry, either to building blocks or into finished items, for example as troughs or sinks. Using a "whim", a special type of wooden crane, the finished stonework was lowered from the quarry ledges to the boats below. The boats either shipped the stone directly to the stone yards on Swanage Quay or transferred them to a large sailing ketches anchored offshore.[3]
Purbeck stone was used extensively during the Napoleonic wars for building fortifications along the entire South coastof England. As the war ended, however, the demand for stone slumped and the quarries were closed. The caves have not been quarried since 1812.[4] In 1887 George Burt opened Tilly Whim caves as a tourist attraction for his Durlston estate. In 1976 the caves were closed to the public completely, due to rock fall, the caves were classed as too dangerous.
Today the caves are an undisturbed roost for bats. The cliffs and ledges are nesting grounds for seabirds. The area surrounding Tilly Whim is also a look out point for marine life, including grey seals and dolphins. However, the area is still popular with fishermen and "tombstoners", and are considered a very notable feature along the Isle of Purbeck coast. Durlston Country Park and Tilly Whim caves are part of the Jurassic Coast.
The Jurassic Coast stretches over a distance of 153 kilometres (95 mi), from Orcombe Point near Exmouth, in the west, to Old Harry Rocks on the Isle of Purbeck, in the east.[5] The coastal exposures along the coastline provide a continuous sequence of Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous rock formations spanning approximately 185 million years of the Earths history. The localities along the Jurassic Coast includes a large range of important fossil zones.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ See Ordnance Survey-Guide to Gaelic Place Names in Britain
- ^ Curiosities of Swanage, 2007, Lewer/Calkin, p.23, ISBN 0 905868 19 6
- ^ Swanage Past, second edition, 2004 Lewer/Smale p.60-64, ISBN 1 86077 311 7
- ^ Swanage Rediscovered, 2007, Amberwood Graphics, Stewart Borrett, p.16, ISBN 0 9513676 1 76
- ^ "Dorset and East Devon Coast". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 2001. http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=1029. Retrieved 2007-01-14.
[edit] External links
Coordinates: 50°35′33″N 1°57′27″W / 50.592511°N 1.957519°W
