Timeline of carbon nanotubes

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Inside a carbon nanotube

Part of a series of articles on

Nanomaterials
Fullerenes

Carbon nanotubes
Buckminsterfullerene
Fullerene chemistry
Applications
In popular culture
Timeline
Carbon allotropes
Nanoparticles

Quantum dots
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Iron nanoparticles
Platinum nanoparticles

See also
Nanotechnology

[edit] 1952

  • Radushkevich and Lukyanovich publish a paper in the Soviet Journal of Physical Chemistry showing hollow graphitic carbon fibers that are 50 nanometers in diameter.[1]

[edit] 1960

  • Bollmann and Spreadborough discuss friction properties of carbon due to rolling sheets of graphene in Nature. Electron Microscope picture clearly shows MWCNT[2]

[edit] 1976

  • Oberlin, Endo and Koyama report CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) growth of nanometer-scale carbon fibers.[3]

[edit] 1979

[edit] 1985

[edit] 1987

  • Howard G. Tennent of Hyperion Catalysis issued a U.S. patent for graphitic, hollow core "fibrils".[6]

[edit] 1991

  • Nanotubes discovered in the soot of arc discharge at NEC, by Japanese researcher Sumio Iijima.[7]
  • August — Nanotubes discovered in CVD by Al Harrington and Tom Maganas of Maganas Industries, leading to development of a method to synthesize monomolecular thin film nanotube coatings.[8]

[edit] 1992

[edit] 1993

[edit] 1995

  • Swiss researchers are the first to demonstrate the electron emission properties of carbon nanotubes.[14] German inventors Till Keesmann and Hubert Grosse-Wilde predicted this property of carbon nanotubes earlier in the year in their patent application.[15]

[edit] 1997

  • The first suggestion of using carbon nanotubes as optical antennas is made in the patent application of inventor Robert Crowley filed in January 1997.[18]

[edit] 1998

[edit] 2000

  • First demonstration proving that bending carbon nanotubes changes their resistance[21]

[edit] 2001

  • April — first report on a technique for separating semiconducting and metallic nanotubes.[22]

[edit] 2002

  • January — Multi-walled nanotubes demonstrated to be fastest known oscillators (> 50 GHz).[23]

[edit] 2003

  • September — NEC announced stable fabrication technology of carbon nanotube transistors[24]

[edit] 2004

  • March — Nature published a photo of an individual 4 cm long single-wall nanotube (SWNT).[25]

[edit] 2005

  • May — A prototype high-definition 10-centimetre flat screen made using nanotubes was exhibited.[26]
  • August — University of California finds Y-shaped nanotubes to be ready-made transistors.[27]
  • August — General Electric announced the development of an ideal carbon nanotube diode that operates at the "theoretical limit" (the best possible performance). A photovoltaic effect was also observed in the nanotube diode device that could lead to breakthroughs in solar cells, making them more efficient and thus more economically viable.[28]
  • August — Nanotube sheet synthesised with dimensions 5 × 100 cm.[29]

[edit] 2006

The winning nanotube-enhanced bike
  • March — IBM announces that they have built an electronic circuit around a CNT.[30]
  • March — Nanotubes used as a scaffold for damaged nerve regeneration.[31]
  • May — Method of placing nanotube accurately is developed by IBM.[32]
  • June — Gadget invented by Rice University that can sort nanotubes by size and electrical properties[33]
  • July — Nanotubes were alloyed into the carbon fiber bike that won the 2006 Tour de France.[34]

[edit] 2009

  • April — Nanotubes incorporated in virus battery[35]

[edit] References

  1. ^ Monthioux, Marc; Kuznetsov, V (2006). "Who should be given the credit for the discovery of carbon nanotubes?" (PDF). CARBON 44 (9): 1621. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2006.03.019. http://www.cemes.fr/fichpdf/GuestEditorial.pdf. 
  2. ^ Monthioux, Marc; Spreadborough, J. (1960). "Action of Graphite as Lubricant" (PDF). Nature 186 (4718): 29. Bibcode 1960Natur.186...29B. doi:10.1038/186029a0. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v186/n4718/pdf/186029a0.pdf. 
  3. ^ Oberlin, A.; M. Endo, and T. Koyama (1976). "Filamentous growth of carbon through benzene decomposition". J. Cryst. Growth 32 (3): 335. Bibcode 1976JCrGr..32..335O. doi:10.1016/0022-0248(76)90115-9. 
  4. ^ "1D Diamond Crystal - A continuous pseudo-one dimensional diamond crystal - maybe a nanotube?". http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/content.asp?Bnum=699. Retrieved 2006-10-21. 
    "Audacious & Outrageous: Space Elevators". NASA. 7 September 2000. http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2000/ast07sep_1.htm. Retrieved 2006-10-21. 
  5. ^ Kroto, H. W.; et al. (1985). "C60: Buckminsterfullerene". Nature 318 (6042): 162–163. Bibcode 1985Natur.318..162K. doi:10.1038/318162a0. 
  6. ^ Tennent, Howard G (5 May 1987). Carbon fibrils, method for producing same and compositions containing same. U.S. Patent 4,663,230. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4663230.html. 
  7. ^ Iijima, Sumio (7 November 1991). "Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon". Nature 354 (6348): 56–58. Bibcode 1991Natur.354...56I. doi:10.1038/354056a0. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v354/n6348/abs/354056a0.html. 
  8. ^ Maganas, Thomas C; Alan L. Harrington (1 September 1992). Intermittent film deposition method and system. U.S. Patent 5,143,745. 
  9. ^ Mintmire, J.W.; et al. (3 February 1992). "Are Fullerene Tubules Metallic?". Physical Review Letters 68 (5): 631–634. Bibcode 1992PhRvL..68..631M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.631. PMID 10045950. 
  10. ^ Saito, R.; et al. (15 July 1992). "Electronic structure of graphene tubules based on C60". Physical Review B 46 (3): 1804–1811. Bibcode 1992PhRvB..46.1804S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.46.1804. 
  11. ^ Hamada, N.; et al. (9 March 1992). "New One-Dimensional Conductors: Graphitic Microtubules". Physical Review Letters 68 (10): 1579–1581. Bibcode 1992PhRvL..68.1579H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.1579. PMID 10045167. 
  12. ^ Bethune, D. S.; et al. (17 June 1993). "Cobalt-catalysed growth of carbon nanotubes with single-atomic-layer walls". Nature 363 (6430): 605–607. Bibcode 1993Natur.363..605B. doi:10.1038/363605a0. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v363/n6430/abs/363605a0.html. 
  13. ^ Iijima, Sumio; Toshinari Ichihashi (17 June 1993). "Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1-nm diameter". Nature 363 (6430): 603–605. Bibcode 1993Natur.363..603I. doi:10.1038/363603a0. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v363/n6430/abs/363603a0.html. 
  14. ^ de Heer, W. A.; et al. (17 November 1995). "A Carbon Nanotube Field Emission Electron Source". Science 270 (5239): 1179–1180. Bibcode 1995Sci...270.1179D. doi:10.1126/science.270.5239.1179. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/sci;270/5239/1179. 
  15. ^ FIELD-EMISSION CATHODE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING IT - Patent EP0801805
  16. ^ Tans, S.; et al. (3 April 1997). "Individual single-wall carbon nanotubes as quantum wires" (PDF). Nature 386 (6624): 474–477. Bibcode 1997Natur.386..474T. doi:10.1038/386474a0. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v386/n6624/pdf/386474a0.pdf. 
  17. ^ Bockrath, M.; et al. (28 March 1997). "Single-Electron Transport in Ropes of Carbon Nanotubes" (PDF). Science] 275 (5308): 1922–1925. doi:10.1126/science.275.5308.1922. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/275/5308/1922.pdf. 
  18. ^ http://www.google.com/patents?id=mPURAAAAEBAJ&dq=6700550
  19. ^ Tans, S.; et al. (7 May 1998). "Room-temperature transistor based on a single carbon nanotube" (PDF). Nature 393 (6680): 49–52. Bibcode 1998Natur.393...49T. doi:10.1038/29954. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v393/n6680/pdf/393049a0.pdf. 
  20. ^ Martel, R.; et al. (26 October 1998). "Single- and multi-wall carbon nanotube field-effect transistors". Applied Physics Letters 73 (17): 2447–2449. Bibcode 1998ApPhL..73.2447M. doi:10.1063/1.122477. http://scitation.aip.org/getpdf/servlet/GetPDFServlet?filetype=pdf&id=APPLAB000073000017002447000001. 
  21. ^ Tombler, Tw; Zhou, C; Alexseyev, L; Kong, J; Dai, H; Liu, L; Jayanthi, Cs; Tang, M; Wu, Sy (Jun 2000). "Reversible electromechanical characteristics of carbon nanotubes under local-probe manipulation". Nature 405 (6788): 769–72. doi:10.1038/35015519. PMID 10866192. 
  22. ^ Collins, Philip; Michael S. Arnold, Phaedon Avouris (27 April 2001). "Engineering Carbon Nanotubes and Nanotube Circuits Using Electrical Breakdown". Science 292 (5517): 706–709. Bibcode 2001Sci...292..706C. doi:10.1126/science.1058782. PMID 11326094. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/292/5517/706. 
  23. ^ "Nanotubes in the Fast Lane". 18 January 2002. http://focus.aps.org/story/v9/st4. Retrieved 2006-10-21. 
  24. ^ "Tests Verify Carbon Nanotube Enable Ultra High Performance Transistor" (Press release). NEC. 19 September 2003. http://www.nec.co.jp/press/en/0309/1901.html. Retrieved 2006-10-21. 
  25. ^ Zheng, L. X.; et al. (2004). "Ultralong single-wall carbon nanotubes". Nature Materials 3 (10): 673–676. Bibcode 2004NatMa...3..673Z. doi:10.1038/nmat1216. PMID 15359345. 
  26. ^ "Carbon nanotubes used in computer and TV screens". New Scientist. 21 May 2005. pp. 28. http://www.newscientisttech.com/article/mg18625006.800. 
  27. ^ Knight, Will (15 August 2005). "Y-shaped nanotubes are ready-made transistors". New Scientist Tech. http://www.newscientisttech.com/article/dn7847. Retrieved 2006-10-21. 
  28. ^ "GE's Research Program Achieves Major Feat in Nanotechnology" (Press release). GE. http://www.ge.com/stories/en/20231.html?category=Products_Business. Retrieved 2006-10-22. 
  29. ^ "Carbon-nanotube fabric measures up". Nanotechweb.org. 18 August 2005. http://nanotechweb.org/articles/news/4/8/13/1. 
  30. ^ "IBM takes step towards chip nanotechnology". CNN Money. 24 March 2006. http://money.cnn.com/2006/03/24/technology/ibm_semiconductor/index.htm. 
    Hutson, Stu (23 March 2006). "Nanotube circuit could boost chip speeds". http://www.newscientisttech.com/article/dn8888. 
    "Nano circuit offers big promise". BBC News. 24 March 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4839088.stm. 
  31. ^ "Optic nerve regrown with a nanofibre scaffold". 13 March 2006. http://www.newscientisttech.com/channel/tech/nanotechnology/dn8840-optic-nerve-regrown-with-a-nanofibre-scaffold-.html. 
  32. ^ "Carbon nanotubes pinned down at last". 30 May 2006. http://www.newscientisttech.com/article/dn9241. 
  33. ^ "Gadget sorts nanotubes by size". 27 June 2006. http://www.newscientisttech.com/article.ns?id=dn9419. 
  34. ^ "Carbon nanotubes enter Tour de France". 7 July 2006. http://news.com.com/Carbon+nanotubes+enter+Tour+de+France/2100-11395_3-6091347.html?tag=fd_carsl. 
  35. ^ "New virus-built battery could power cars, electronic devices". 2 April 2009. http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2009/virus-battery-0402.html. 

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