Tina Turner

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Tina Turner

Tina Turner performing in the GelreDome, 1985
Background information
Birth name Anna Mae Bullock
Also known as Tina Turner
Born November 26, 1939 (1939-11-26) (age 72)
Nutbush, Tennessee, U.S.
Genres Rock, soul, R&B, pop
Occupations Singer, dancer, author, actress
Instruments Vocals
Years active 1958–present
Labels EMI, United Artists, Capitol, Parlophone, Virgin
Associated acts The Ike & Tina Turner Revue

Tina Turner (born Anna Mae Bullock; November 26, 1939) is an American singer and actress whose career has spanned more than 50 years. She has won numerous awards and her achievements in the rock music genre have led many to call her the "Queen of Rock 'n' Roll".[1][2] Turner started out her music career with husband Ike Turner as a member of the Ike & Tina Turner Revue.[3] Success followed with a string of hits including "River Deep, Mountain High" and the 1971 hit "Proud Mary". With the publication of her autobiography I, Tina (1986), Turner revealed severe instances of spousal abuse against her by Ike Turner prior to their 1976 split and subsequent 1978 divorce. After virtually disappearing from the music scene for several years following her divorce from Ike Turner, she rebuilt her career, launching a string of hits beginning in 1983 with the single "Let's Stay Together" and the 1984 release of her fifth solo album Private Dancer.

Her musical career led to film roles, beginning with a prominent role as The Acid Queen in the 1975 film Tommy, and an appearance in Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. She starred opposite Mel Gibson as Aunty Entity in Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome for which she received the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture, and her version of the film's theme, "We Don't Need Another Hero", was a hit single. She appeared in the 1993 film Last Action Hero.

One of the world's most popular entertainers, Turner has been called the most successful female rock artist[4] and was named "one of the greatest singers of all time" by Rolling Stone.[5] Her combined album and single sales total approximately 180 million copies worldwide.[6][7] She has sold more concert tickets than any other solo music performer in history.[8][9] She is known for her energetic stage presence,[2] powerful vocals, career longevity,[8] and widespread appeal.[10] In 2008, Turner left semi-retirement to embark on her Tina!: 50th Anniversary Tour.[11][12] Turner's tour became one of the highest selling ticketed shows of 2008–2009.[7] Turner was born a Baptist, but converted to Buddhism and credits the spiritual chants with giving her the strength that she needed to get through the rough times.[13] Rolling Stone ranked her at 63 on their 100 greatest artists of all time and considers her the "Queen of Rock and Roll".[14]

Contents

[edit] Early life

Anna Mae Bullock was born in Nutbush, an unincorporated area in Haywood County, Tennessee, on November 26, 1939, the daughter of Zelma Bullock (née Currie), a factory worker, and Floyd Richard Bullock, a Baptist deacon, farm overseer and factory worker.[15][16] She is of African American and European descent.[17][18] Bullock had long believed her mother had significant Native American ancestry,[19] specifically Navajo and Cherokee.[20] Bullock attended Flag Grove School in Haywood County, Tennessee (the land for the school was sold below market value to the school trustees by Bullock's great great-uncle in 1889).[18] Anna Mae's older sister is named (Ruby) Alline. For a time during World War II, Bullock's parents relocated to Knoxville, Tennessee to do factory work. When they returned to Brownsville, they had separated, later divorcing when Bullock was ten. Alline Bullock relocated with her mother to St. Louis, Missouri on her 18th birthday leaving Anna Bullock to be raised by her maternal grandmother who later died. Bullock later joined her high school's basketball team and began participating in talent shows both in her grandmother's church and in other places while growing up in Knoxville. When Anna was a teenager, she joined her mother and sister in St. Louis following her grandmother's death, prior to this, Bullock had earned pay as a domestic for a family in Ripley. In the middle of this, Bullock's parents split up after a reportedly abusive marriage. In St. Louis, Bullock attended Sumner High School.[21] Bullock eventually graduated from the school in 1958 and following graduation, took work as a nurse at Barnes-Jewish Hospital.

[edit] Ike & Tina Turner

Tina peforming with Ike Turner in 1972.

[edit] Origins

Around this time, Bullock's sister was taking her to several nightclubs in the city to their mother's chagrin. When Bullock was 16 she first spotted Ike Turner and his Kings of Rhythm band and pursued him for months to let her sing for him. Finally after forcibly grabbing a microphone from her sister, she sang a B. B. King song to the audience though according to Ike Turner, he recalls one of his musicians giving her the microphone while he was playing piano. Ike Turner was left very impressed by Bullock's vocals and allowed her to join the band as a background vocalist.[22] Turner gave Bullock her first stage name, Little Ann during this time and included her in his record, "Box Top", which was a local hit in St. Louis. In November 1959, when a female vocalist, who was a member of Ike's band, failed to show up for a recording session for Ike's penned composition, "A Fool in Love", which Turner made his transition from performing blues to soul, Bullock was told to give a guide vocal to the song in an attempt to erase her as he was planning for the female vocalist to record the song.

Ike Turner then sent the song to New York where he met with Sue Records president Juggy Murray and played the song to him. Upon hearing it, Murray insisted Turner keep Bullock's vocals on the song, giving Turner a $25,000 advance, convinced the song would be a hit single.[23] In response to this, Turner decided to form a duo around him and Bullock, and in the process, changing her name from "Little Ann" to Tina Turner, stating he got the name from watching Sheena, Queen of the Jungle. Despite the early romanticized version of their story in the biopic, What's Love Got to Do with It, Ike Turner and Anna Bullock didn't get romantically involved until around the release of "A Fool in Love", in which by then had been released under the billing, Ike & Tina Turner[24] affectively starting the duo and launching Bullock into show business. Ike Turner later molded and shaped Tina Turner, teaching her dance moves and even deciding her dress style and, after a hair salon incident resulted in parts of her hair falling out in 1961, adapting wigs remaking the Southern-raised Bullock into a sexy diva.[25]

[edit] Early success

"A Fool in Love" was released in the spring of 1960 and by late summer the song had reached number two on the R&B chart and crossed over to number twenty-seven on the Billboard Hot 100 later going on to sell a million copies. After both Turner and Bullock made their television debut performing the song on American Bandstand in October of 1960, Bullock gave birth to Ike's child, Ronald. Turner and Bullock had started dating after the release of "A Fool in Love" and their relationship beforehand had been previously platonic. Bullock later alleged she felt forced into the relationship, Ike Turner later alleged that their first sexual encounter felt incestuous as they described their relationship as sibling-like, noting he was drunk when they first had sex. Ike Turner himself was not immediately smitten with Bullock once saying she was "too skinny" to be his girlfriend. The duo had a respective R&B hit in 1961 with "I Idolize You" and then had another crossover pop hit with "It's Gonna Work Out Fine", which surpassed "A Fool in Love" on the pop charts at number fourteen and later winning the duo a Grammy Award nomination for Best Rock & Roll Vocal Performance By a Duo or Group. In 1962, they followed these successes with "Tra La La" and "Poor Fool" and had milder success with "You Shoulda Treated Me Right".

By 1962, Ike Turner had assembled a girl group called The Ikettes and included them on the road, starting what eventually became The Ike & Tina Turner Revue, this in turn helped to pave the way for several soul music revues in the decade including revues held by crossover R&B labels Motown and Stax. Ike and Tina Turner's success also occurred around the same time of the modern civil rights movement in the United States where Ike and Tina refused to perform in front of segregated audiences becoming one of the first Black artists to perform in front of racially mixed audiences. This helped the duo, who began struggling with chart success after the arrival of The British Invasion in late 1963, become a phenomenal success. In 1962, Bullock married Turner in Tijuana, Mexico.[26] Following this, Bullock began raising Turner's previous sons, Ike Turner, Jr. and Michael, while her eldest son Craig Bullock (born from Bullock's earlier relationship with Raymond Hill, a saxophone player in Ike's band), adapted Turner's last name after Ike adopted him as his own. Turner raised them and her only child with Ike, Ronald.[27] Between 1963 and 1968, Ike and Tina Turner recorded for a various number of labels, in part to Ike Turner's demand for money and finding lucrative deals. They recorded over a dozen albums including several live recordings during that period and kept themselves in the public eye during the mid-1960s by appearing on shows such as American Bandstand, Hollywood A Go-Go, Shindig! and The Andy Williams Show where their brand of entertainment was given both critical and artistic raves. By 1966, the act had grown to include a dance act in which Tina and The Ikettes perform sexualized choreography, which gave the band criticism for bringing raunch into rock and roll.

[edit] Mainstream success

After several years touring the chitlin' circuit and Las Vegas, Ike and Tina Turner began reaching the pinnacle of their success after the release of the pop-oriented ballad, "River Deep - Mountain High". While the song's initial release flopped at the time of its release in 1966, it led to modest international success in Europe. Upon hearing the track and another UK hit the group recorded, which was a cover of the Motown ballad, "A Love Like Yours (Don't Come Knocking Everyday)"; Mick Jagger of The Rolling Stones asked the couple to open for them on their 1966 UK tour, which they obliged. The success of their UK/Europe opening for The Stones led to the group's commercial breakthrough both overseas and in their native United States even without the presence of a US hit single. The single became a bigger success in the UK, in 1969, around the time Eric Burdon recorded a cover version there reviving the success of the original. Around this time, the group released their second release for Blue Thumb Records, The Hunter, which spawned the hits, "Bold Soul Sister" (which later helped Tina win a solo Grammy nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance) and a heavily sexualized cover of Otis Redding's "I've Been Loving You Too Long", which Tina later said she hated doing. Due to this success, the duo was lauded by other celebrities who attended their shows including David Bowie, Sly Stone, Janis Joplin, Cher, James Brown, Ray Charles, Elton John and Elvis Presley.[28]

This exposure also led to Tina Turner and Ike Turner being on the cover of the rock magazine, Rolling Stone three times between 1967 and 1971. In 1970, the group scored their first top 40 US hit in years with their cover of Sly & The Family Stone's "I Want to Take You Higher" and appeared on the Ed Sullivan Show, the Dick Cavett Show and the Mike Douglas Show. This success led to an extended run in Vegas and also more opportunities to perform for bigger venues though the couple still frequented black theaters including The Apollo Theater. In 1970, they signed with Liberty Records and recorded the Workin' Together album, which led to their biggest hit single, a frenzied cover of "Proud Mary", which peaked at number four on the Billboard Hot 100 in March 1971, two months after it was released.[29] The song later won the duo a Grammy for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group.[30] By 1972, the group had even made headlines by performing at Carnegie Hall, which was documented for a double live album. That year, they switched to United Artists Records and released seven albums between 1972 and 1978 (two albums were released posthumously following the duo's infamous 1976 split). In 1973, the group released their final hit with "Nutbush City Limits", culminating in the duo's full embrace of funk rock rhythms and which was written by Tina. The song peaked at number twenty-two on the Hot 100 and number four in the UK.[31]

[edit] Decline in popularity

By the mid-1970s, Tina's personal life and marriage was falling apart. Ike's drug use led to increasingly erratic and physically abusive behavior. Their act was losing speed largely due to Ike's refusal to accept outside management of their recording or touring, as well as the cost of maintaining his allegedly voracious cocaine habit. Touring dates began to decline and record sales were low. Having opened his own recording studio, Bolic Sounds, following the lucrative success of "Proud Mary", Ike produced Tina's first solo album, Tina Turns the Country On in 1974. It failed to make an impact on the charts, as did Tina's follow-up solo album Acid Queen (1975), which was released to tie in with Tina's critically acclaimed big-screen debut in the The Who's rock opera, Tommy.

Tina and Ike had a violent fight before an appearance at the Dallas Statler Hilton in July 1976, where Tina was again physically abused. She left Ike that day, fleeing with nothing more than thirty-six cents and a Mobil gas station credit card in her possession. She spent the next few months hiding from Ike while staying with various friends.[32][33]

Tina would later credit her new-found Nichiren Buddhist[34] faith and chanting Nam Myoho Renge Kyo with giving her the courage to strike out on her own. By walking out on Ike in the middle of a tour, she learned she was legally responsible to tour promoters for the canceled tour. Needing to earn a living, she became a solo performer, supplementing her income with TV appearances on shows such as The Hollywood Squares, Donny and Marie, The Sonny & Cher Show and The Brady Bunch Hour.[35]

The divorce was made final in 1978 after sixteen years of marriage. Tina later accused Ike of years of severe spousal abuse and rampant drug addiction in her autobiography I, Tina that was later adapted for the film What's Love Got to Do with It. In the divorce, she completely parted ways with him retaining only her stage name and assuming responsibility for the debts incurred by the canceled tour as well as a significant IRS lien.[36] The incident in which Bullock demanded she keep the stage name Ike Turner had given her in 1960 was dramatized in the 1993 biopic, What's Love Got to Do with It.

[edit] Life after the Revue

In 1978, Tina released her third solo album (and her first album since her separation from Ike) entitled Rough on EMI Records. It was a departure from the funky rhythm and blues sound of the Revue, and featured strong readings of rock songs, demonstrating the direction she wanted her musical career to progress. The album did not sell well and received no certifications. 1979's disco-infused Love Explosion album also failed on the charts.[37]

Turner continued to perform shows around the United States and Europe but without any hit albums, her career continued a downward spiral. With the underwhelming performance of "Rough" and "Love Explosion", EMI Records parted ways with Turner. She was unable to immediately secure another major label deal as many US and UK labels felt her popularity had passed. Turner divided her time between appearing at small venues in the US (mainly Las Vegas) and the UK to keep herself in the public eye, and she remained quite popular as a stage act.[38]

[edit] Return to prominence

In 1982, Turner teamed up with B.E.F. for a remake of the Temptations' "Ball of Confusion".[39] The producers opted to work with her further and persuaded her to record a cover of Al Green's "Let's Stay Together". It was released as a single in the UK in late 1983 and reached No. 6 on the UK Singles Chart, as well as becoming a hit in several other European countries.[40][41] In March 1984, "Let's Stay Together" reached No. 26 on the US Billboard 100 singles chart.[42] The song entered the top-5 on both the R&B and Dance charts.[43][44]

In 1984, Turner staged what Ebony magazine called an "amazing comeback".[45] The album Private Dancer was released in June 1984, and the hit "Let's Stay Together" would be included on the album.

The second single, "What's Love Got to Do with It", peaked at number one in the US and number three in the UK. The single hit the top ten in several European countries. The Private Dancer album went on to sell five million copies in the US, and a total of 11 million copies worldwide,[46][47][48] though some sources stated the album has sold over twenty million[4] making it her most successful album. Besides "Let's Stay Together" and "What's Love Got to Do With It", the album also yielded the singles "Better Be Good to Me" (US No. 5, UK No. 45); "Private Dancer" (US No. 7, UK No. 26); "I Can't Stand the Rain" (UK No. 57); and "Show Some Respect" (US No. 37).[49] Turner would later win an MTV Video Music Award, two American Music Awards and four Grammy Awards. In February 1985, Turner embarked on her first solo world tour, the Private Dancer Tour, which saw her performing in North America, Asia, Europe, and Australia. One of her UK shows (at the Birmingham NEC Arena) was filmed and released on home video. She also collaborated on the USA for Africa song "We Are the World" which helped famine victims in Africa.

After the success of Private Dancer, Turner accepted the role of Aunty Entity, the ruler of Bartertown, in the motion picture Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome.[50] Upon its release, the film grossed $36 million[51] and Turner received the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress. In July, Turner performed at Live Aid alongside Mick Jagger.[52] In August, the first single "We Don't Need Another Hero" was released to promote the soundtrack for Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome. The single became a hit for Turner, reaching number two in America and number three in the UK. The song received a Grammy nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal and received a nomination for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. The soundtrack was released and reached the top forty in the US and No. 47 in Canada, and sold one million copies worldwide. In October, another Turner soundtrack single, "One of the Living" (US No. 15, UK No. 55), was released. It later won a Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance. In November, a new single was released entitled "It's Only Love", a duet with Bryan Adams. It received a Grammy nomination for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal.

[edit] Subsequent releases

Turner and Clapton, on stage, sharing a microphone stand, singing.
Turner on tour with special guest Eric Clapton, June 17, 1987 in Wembley Arena, England

Turner continued her widely successful solo career releasing the album, Break Every Rule, in 1986. That same year, Turner published her autobiography, I, Tina, which she talked about her early life and volatile marriage to Ike Turner. Later that summer, the singer received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Turner's Break Every Rule yielded the US singles of: "Typical Male", "Two People", "Back Where You Started", "What You Get Is What You See", "Break Every Rule", and "Afterglow". ("Typical Male" and "What You Get Is What You See" were the two singles to crack the US top twenty). The album sold approximately four million copies worldwide, with two million of those in the US. In March of the following year, Turner embarked on her Break Every Rule Tour in Munich, Germany. On January 16, 1988, Turner made history when she entered the Guinness World Records alongside Paul McCartney performing in front of the largest paying audience (over 184,000) to see a solo artist in Maracanã Stadium, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.[53] In April, Turner's double live album, Tina Live in Europe, was released. In late 1989, Turner released her seventh studio album, Foreign Affair, which included the international smash, "The Best". The single became one of Turner's signature singles. In 1990, she embarked on a hugely successful European tour to promote the album playing to nearly four million fans and touring over 121 shows in Europe.[citation needed]

In 1991, Ike and Tina Turner were inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. Phil Spector accepted the award on their behalf. That same year, Turner released a compilation album, Simply the Best. Her modern dance-pop cover of "Nutbush City Limits" hit the top thirty in the UK. In 1993, Turner's life story was turned into a box-office film, What's Love Got to Do with It. Based on I, Tina, the film painted a dark picture of Turner's marriage to singer Ike Turner and her overcoming the marriage through Nichiren Buddhism and chanting Nam Myoho Renge Kyo.[54] While the film was given mixed reviews, its leading actors Angela Bassett, who played Tina, and Laurence Fishburne, who played Ike, ended up with Academy Award nominations for Best Actress and Best Actor, respectively, for their roles. Turner supervised the film's soundtrack, re-recording several songs from her Ike Turner days including "A Fool in Love", "It's Gonna Work Out Fine", "Nutbush City Limits" and "Proud Mary", but otherwise remained uninvolved with the making of the film, and had no interest in seeing it, telling an interviewer "Why would I want to see Ike Turner beat me up again? I haven't dwelled on it; it's all in the past where it belongs." She recorded a cover of The Trammps' "Disco Inferno" and two newer songs, the Lulu cover, "I Don't Wanna Fight" and the R&B ballad, "Why Must We Wait Until Tonight" (written by Bryan Adams). The soundtrack went platinum in America and yielded Turner's final top ten U.S. single, "I Don't Wanna Fight", which peaked at number nine. Later that year, Turner went out on a sold-out U.S. tour, her first in seven years, to promote the soundtrack. Afterwards, Turner moved to Switzerland and took a year off from the road at the end of the tour.

Turner's handprints at the Rotterdam Walk of Fame

In 1995, Turner returned to recording with the title track for the James Bond film, Goldeneye, written by U2's Bono and The Edge. "Goldeneye" hit the top ten in several European countries. In 1996, Turner's Wildest Dreams album was released. Due to its later successful world tour and a commercial where she promoted Hanes hosiery, the album hit gold in the U.S. while it went platinum in Europe based on the success of singles such as "Whatever You Want", the cover of John Waite's "Missing You", "Something Beautiful Remains" and the Barry White duet, "In Your Wildest Dreams". In May 1996, Turner embarked on a year-long world tour which again broke concert ticket sales records. The tour lasted into April 1997 and grossed a combined total of $130 million in sales. At the end of the year, Turner and one of her musicians co-wrote an English version of the Italian ballad "Cose della vita" with Italian singer Eros Ramazzotti. Their duet became a European hit. In April 1999, Turner opened at the VH-1 special, Divas Live '99, performing several of her 1980s hits and performing with both Elton John and Cher to "Proud Mary". Turner later remarked that she was recording a new album. In November 1999, Turner released the dance single "When the Heartache Is Over", its parent album, "Twenty Four Seven", was released in Europe the following month. In February 2000, the album was released in America and was certified Gold by the RIAA. Later that year, Turner went out on one of her most successful tours of her career. By tour's end, the Twenty Four Seven Tour had become the highest-grossing tour of 2000 according to Pollstar grossing over $100 million. Later, Guinness World Records announced that Turner had sold more concert tickets than any other solo concert performer in music history.[8][55]

[edit] Recent years

In 2002, Tennessee State Route 19 between Brownsville and Nutbush was named "Tina Turner Highway".[56][57][58] In 2003, she teamed up with Phil Collins to record the song "Great Spirits" for the Disney film Brother Bear.

In 2004, Turner released a new compilation, All the Best, and released the single "Open Arms". The song became a modestly successful European hit and a modest R&B hit in America. In 2005, Turner briefly performed on shows such as The Oprah Winfrey Show and The View. All the Best became Turner's first album to go platinum in the U.S. in over eleven years.

U.S. President George W. Bush congratulates Turner during a reception for the Kennedy Center Honors in the East Room of the White House on December 4, 2005. From left, the honorees are singer Tony Bennett, dancer Suzanne Farrell, actress Julie Harris, and actor Robert Redford.

At the end of the year, Turner was recognized by the Kennedy Center Honors at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. and was elected to join an elite group of entertainers.[59] President Bush commented on Turner's "natural skill, the energy and sensuality",[60] and referred to her legs as "the most famous in show business".[61] Several artists paid tribute to her that night including Oprah Winfrey, Melissa Etheridge (who performed "River Deep - Mountain High" , Queen Latifah (who performed "What's Love Got to Do with It"), Beyoncé (who performed "Proud Mary"), and the Reverend Al Green (who performed "Let's Stay Together"). Winfrey stated, "We don't need another hero. We need more heroines like you, Tina. You make me proud to spell my name w-o-m-a-n,"[62] and "Tina Turner didn't just survive, she triumphed." In November, Turner released All the Best - Live Collection and it was certified platinum by the RIAA.

In early 2006, the All the Invisible Children soundtrack was released. Turner sang "Teach Me Again" from the All the Invisible Children soundtrack with Elisa charted at No. 1 in Italy. In May 2007, Turner returned to the stage to headline a benefit concert for the Cauldwell Children's Charity at London's Natural History Museum. This was her first full show in seven years. Jazz pianist Herbie Hancock released an album paying tribute to singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell, entitled River: The Joni Letters on September 25, 2007, on which Turner contributed her vocals to a version of "Edith and The Kingpin". On October 16, 2007, Carlos Santana released an album entitled Ultimate Santana which featured Turner singing "The Game of Love", a song originally intended for her to sing, but which was instead released by Santana with Michelle Branch due to demands from the recording label.

On December 12, 2007, Turner issued a brief statement through a spokesperson regarding the death of her former husband Ike Turner:[63] "Tina hasn't had any contact with Ike in more than 30 years. No further comment will be made."[64]

Turner performed with Beyoncé at the 50th Annual Grammy Awards in February 2008. It was Turner's first major public performance since her record-breaking Twenty-Four Seven Tour.[65][66] In addition, she picked up a Grammy as a featured artist on River: The Joni Letters. On May 5, 2008, she performed in a televised concert and interview for the Oprah show at Caesar's Place in Las Vegas with long time friend Cher.

Turner embarked on her Tina!: 50th Anniversary Tour on October 1, 2008,[67] which began on in Kansas City, Missouri at the Sprint Center. The album, Tina!: Her Greatest Hits, was released in support of the tour.

In 2009, Turner participated in the Beyond singing project with fellow musicians Regula Curti, Seda Bagcan and Dechen Shak Dagsay. This CD combined Buddhist chants and Christian choral music along with a spiritual message read by Turner.[68] The album was released only in Germany and a handful of other countries. It peaked at No. 7 in Switzerland. In 2011, Children Beyond followed and charted again in Switzerland.

A new live album was released by Parlophone in September 2009 entitled Tina Live. The double disc set included the full concert recorded in the Netherlands as part of her 50th Anniversary Tour on DVD and selected tracks on CD. It is only Turner's second live album with the first, Tina Live in Europe, being released twenty years previously in 1988.

In April 2010, Turner once again had a hit with her 1989 single The Best. It peaked at No.9 in the UK Singles Chart after an internet campaign by supporters of Glasgow Rangers Football Club.[69]

[edit] Personal life

Bullock had two sisters, Alline Selico and Evelyn Currie, both of whom are deceased. Bullock was close to both sisters growing up and later with Alline, she later credited her for introducing her to Ike Turner after taking her to Club Manhattan where Turner frequented. Bullock's accounts of her life with Turner differ from Turner's own accounts: whereas Bullock alleged in her memoirs,I, Tina that Turner was verbally, emotionally and physically abusive towards her, Turner alleged that he never beat her but did admit to "slapping her a few times" and "punching her to the ground without thinking" in his own memoirs, Taking Back My Name. In 1976, after years of alleged abuse, Bullock left him after suffering a beating by Ike's hands while in Dallas.[25] Turner pursued her for half a year stopping his pursuits in 1977. Bullock filed for divorce and left most of the monetary assets in Turner's care while retaining the use of her stage name as a means to get gigs.[36] Ike Turner later alleged that his marriage to Bullock was illegal[25] and that Bullock took his last name to discourage a former lover's attempt to reconcile with her.[70]

Bullock alleged that she felt like an unwanted child by her parents growing up and after a psychic told her that her mother didn't want her, she confronted Zelma Bullock about the information with Zelma explaining Bullock was born in the middle of an unhappy abusive marriage. Bullock allegedly attempted suicide in Los Angeles in 1968 swallowing ninety sleeping pills after Ikettes member Ann Thomas told her she was carrying Turner's child. Bullock allegedly was also carrying Turner's child and later had her pregnancy aborted. In 1971, Bullock was introduced to Buddhism and converted fully to the Buddhist faith in 1974. A long time admirer of Europe, Bullock moved to Europe in 1985, first settling in London. In 1986 after falling in love with Erwin Bach, she moved with him to Cologne. In 1994, they moved to Zurich, and bought and built a home together in Nice in 1999.

[edit] Awards and accolades

Main article: List of awards received by Tina Turner

Turner was listed on Rolling Stone's list "The Immortals — The Greatest Artists of All Time".[5] Turner is a Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee,[71] and two of her recordings, "River Deep - Mountain High" (1999) and "Proud Mary" (2003), are in the Grammy Hall of Fame.[72] Turner has won 8 Grammy Awards.[8]

Bryan Adams, who toured with her on the Private Dancer Tour, praised Turner's live performances, saying, "I never saw Tina walk through a performance, she always put on a great show, and was gracious and grateful to her audience."

Her legs were noted specifically as she was honored by President George W. Bush.[73]

In 2010, Tina Turner won the Swiss Awards 2010 gala first prize for the best "show" Categories.

On December 2nd 2010, Tina Turner attended the FIFA World Cup 2018 bid ceremony in Zurich in her role as honorary representative of the city of Yekaterinburg.

[edit] Discography

Main article: Tina Turner discography

[edit] Studio albums

[edit] Other albums

Soundtracks

Live albums

Compilation albums

[edit] Tours

Book icon Book: Tina Turner
Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.

[edit] Filmography

Film
Year Film Role Notes
1970 Gimme Shelter Herself Documentary
1971 Taking Off Herself
1975 Tommy The Acid Queen
1976 All This and World War II Herself Documentary
1978 Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band Our Guests at Heartland
1979 John Denver and the Ladies Herself Variety Show
1985 Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome Auntie Entity Won (1986) - NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture
1993 What's Love Got to Do with it Herself Singing voice for Angela Bassett, also archive footage
Last Action Hero The Mayor
Television
Year Title Role Notes
1966 The Big T.N.T. Show Herself Documentary
1970 It's Your Thing Herself Documentary
1971 Soul to Soul Herself Documentary
2000 Ally McBeal Herself cameo appearance
one episode: "The Oddball Parade"

[edit] References

  1. ^ Rafferty, Terrence (2008-07-27). "Tina Turner: Queen of Rock 'n' Roll". The New York Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/50095/Tina-Turner-Queen-of-Rock-n-Roll/overview. Retrieved 2008-10-27. 
  2. ^ a b Wolman, Baron. "Tina Turner on Stage". Gallery of The Popular Image. San Francisco Art Exchange. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. http://web.archive.org/web/20070928063358/http://www.sfae.com/index.php?action=gallery&status=show_product&ID=549&PHPSESSID=e167966844d1d18c37. Retrieved 2011-01-19. 
  3. ^ Bego, Mark (2005-09-23) [2003]. Tina Turner: Break Every Rule. Taylor Trade Publishing. ISBN 158979253X. 
  4. ^ a b "Biography on Tina Turner". Biography.com. A&E Television Networks. http://www.biography.com/search/article.do?id=9512276. Retrieved 2008-09-03. 
  5. ^ a b "The 100 Greatest Singers of All Time". Rolling Stone (1066): 73. 2008-11-27. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/24161972/page/17. Retrieved 2009-04-06. [dead link]
  6. ^ "Tina Turner heads for Brum city limits". Express & Star. 2008-09-23. http://www.expressandstar.com/2008/09/23/tina-turner-heads-for-brum-city-limits/. Retrieved 2008-10-27. 
  7. ^ a b Terry, Al (2008-09-21). "Tina Turner Live Tickets – One Of The Biggest Selling Concert Tickets Ever". Pressemeldungen.at. http://www.pressemeldungen.at/45469/tina-turner-live-tickets-%E2%80%93-one-of-the-biggest-selling-concert-tickets-ever/. Retrieved 2008-10-27. 
  8. ^ a b c d "Amway Global to be Presenting Sponsor of 'Tina Turner Live in Concert' 2008". Reuters.com. 2008-07-10. http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS169798+10-Jul-2008+PRN20080710. Retrieved 2008-10-31. 
  9. ^ Busnar, Gene (April 1987 2007) [1987]. The Picture Life of Tina Turner (Library Binding ed.). F. Watts Publishers. ISBN 0531102971. 
  10. ^ "Tina Turner 'One More Time: Live in Concert'". Tomfraley.com. 2008-09-18. http://tomfraley.com/tina-turner-one-last-time/. Retrieved 2008-10-31. [dead link]
  11. ^ Gundersen, Edna (2008-09-30). "Tina Turner is back by popular demand". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2008-09-30-turner-main_N.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-27. 
  12. ^ "Tina Turner, 68, back by popular demand". Clarion Ledger. 2008-10-02. http://www.clarionledger.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20081002/FEAT05/810020326/1023. Retrieved 2008-10-27. [dead link]
  13. ^ "CBS News". CBS News. 2002-09-21. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2000/09/11/60minutes/main232429.shtml. Retrieved 2011-03-09. 
  14. ^ "100 Greatest Artists of All Time" Rolling Stone
  15. ^ Preston, Kate (1999) [1988]. Tina Turner. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0340721049. 
  16. ^ Appiah, Henry Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis (2005-01-04) [2004]. Africana: Arts and Letters: An A-to-Z Reference of Writers, Musicians, and Artists of the African American Experience. Gates, Henry Louis, Jr.. Running Press. p. 114. ISBN 0762420421. http://books.google.com/?id=_FhqCO4RJl8C&dq=Tina+Turner. Retrieved 2008-09-03. 
  17. ^ "African American Lives". http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wWzsSg4TUMw&feature=iv&annotation_id=annotation_352527. 
  18. ^ a b "The Past Is Another Country". Henry Louis Gates, Jr.. African American Lives 2. PBS. 2008-02-13. No. 4.
  19. ^ Bullock, Zelma (1993). Tina Turner: Girl from Nutbush (video). Strand Video Entertainment. 
  20. ^ "Celebrities of Native American Heritage". U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. http://www.hud.gov/offices/pih/ih/codetalk/onap/celebrities.cfm. Retrieved 2010-02-09. 
  21. ^ "Black History in St. Louis". The New York Times. 1992-05-10"accessdate=2007-12-11. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE2DC1331F933A25756C0A964958260. ""Sumner High School, the first school west of the Mississippi for blacks established in 1875 (among graduates are Grace Bumbry, Arthur Ashe and Tina Turner)..."" 
  22. ^ Hasday, Judy L. (June 1999). Tina Turner: Black Americans of Achievement. Chelsea House Publications. p. 10. ISBN 0791049671. 
  23. ^ Collis, John (2003). Ike Turner- King of Rhythm. London: The Do Not Press. pp. 70–76. ISBN 978-1904316244. http://www.amazon.co.uk/Ike-Turner-Rhythm-John-Collis/dp/1904316247. 
  24. ^ Warner, Jay; Jones, Quincy (2006). On This Day in Black Music History. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 114. ISBN 0-634-09926-4. 
  25. ^ a b c Kiersh, Ed (August 1985). "Ike's Story". Spin 1 (4): 36–43. doi:August+2005. http://books.google.com/?id=TZaFMCee5HQC&pg=PA43&lpg=PA43&dq=ike+shoots+paperboy#v=onepage&q=ike%20shoots%20paperboy&f=false. Retrieved 5 October 2011. 
  26. ^ Lyman, Darryl (2005). Great African-American Women. Jonathan David Company, Inc.. p. 226. ISBN 0-824-60459-8. 
  27. ^ "Profile on Tina Turner: What's age got to do with it?". Scotland On Sunday. http://news.scotsman.com/opinion/Profile-on-Tina-Turner-What39s.5049970.jp. Retrieved 2009-09-13. 
  28. ^ Bogdanov, Vladimir; Chris Woodstra and Stephen Thomas Erlewine (2003). All Music Guide to the Blues: The Definitive Guide to the Blues (3rd ed.). Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 0879307366. http://books.google.com/?id=nS2l6Z_J99kC. Retrieved 2009-04-08. 
  29. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits: Complete Chart Information About America's Most Popular Songs and Artists, 1955-2003. Billboard Books. p. 645. ISBN 0-823-07499-4. 
  30. ^ Turner, Tina; Loder, Kurt (1987). I, Tina: My Life Story. HarperCollins. p. 160. ISBN 0-380-70097-2. 
  31. ^ McCue, Margi Laird (2000-03-01) [1995]. Domestic Violence: A Reference Handbook. ABC-Clio Inc. ISBN 0-874-36762-X. 
  32. ^ Turner, Tina; Loder, Kurt (1987). I, Tina: My Life Story. HarperCollins. pp. 187–190. ISBN 0-380-70097-2. 
  33. ^ Bronson, Fred (2003). The Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits: The Inside Story Behind Every Number One Single on Billboard's Hot 100 from 1955 to the Present. Billboard Books. p. 593. ISBN 0-823-07677-6. 
  34. ^ "Nichiren Buddhism", BBC, retrieved June 12, 2011
  35. ^ Mabery, D. L. (1986). Tina Turner. Lerner Publishing Group. ISBN 0822516098. 
  36. ^ a b Turner, Tina; Kurt Loder (1986). I, Tina (Hardback ed.). HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 068805949X. 
  37. ^ Wynn, Ron (1985-08-01). Tina: The Tina Turner Story. Collier Books. ISBN 0020077807. 
  38. ^ Koenig, Teresa; Howard Schroeder. Tina Turner. Crestwood House. pp. g. 20–30. ISBN 0896863050. 
  39. ^ Fissinger, Laura (1985-07-12). Tina Turner. Ballantine Books. ISBN 0345326423. 
  40. ^ "Chart Stats: Tina Turner (Let's Stay Together)". Chart Stats. http://www.chartstats.com/songinfo.php?id=11177. Retrieved 2010-12-26. 
  41. ^ "Tina Turner: Let's Stay Together (song)". Hung Medien. http://www.dutchcharts.nl/showitem.asp?interpret=Tina+Turner&titel=Let%27s+Stay+Together&cat=s. Retrieved 2010-12-26. 
  42. ^ "Billboard: Tina Turner (Hot 100)". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100#/artist/tina-turner/chart-history/5921?f=379&g=Singles. Retrieved 2010-12-26. 
  43. ^ "Billboard: Tina Turner (R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100#/artist/tina-turner/chart-history/5921?f=367&g=Singles. Retrieved 2010-12-26. 
  44. ^ "Billboard: Tina Turner (Dance/Club Play Songs)". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100#/artist/tina-turner/chart-history/5921?f=359&g=Singles. Retrieved 2010-12-26. 
  45. ^ Norment, Lynn (1985-05). Tina Turner: Sizzling at 45. http://books.google.com/?id=-NgDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA77#v=onepage&q=. Retrieved 2009-12-06. 
  46. ^ "Tina Turner Biography". Rolling Stones Online. Archived from the original on 2008-06-18. http://web.archive.org/web/20080618073142/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/tinaturner/biography. Retrieved 2008-09-03. 
  47. ^ "Tina Turner". Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Archived from the original on 2008-06-21. http://web.archive.org/web/20080621000232/http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/imagegallery.php?EntryID=T121. Retrieved 2008-09-03. 
  48. ^ "Roger Miles Producer Autobiography". Milesago. http://www.milesago.com/industry/davies-roger.htm. 
  49. ^ "Artist Chart History - Tina Turner". billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/retrieve_chart_history.do?model.vnuArtistId=5921&model.vnuAlbumId=1099173. Retrieved 2008-10-29. [dead link]
  50. ^ Lichtenfeld, Eric (2007). Action Speaks Louder: Violence, Spectacle, and the American Action Movie. Wesleyan University Press. p. 153. ISBN 0-819-56801-5. 
  51. ^ Allen, Robert Clyde (1995). To be Continued--: Soap Operas Around the World. Routledge. p. 115. ISBN 0-415-11006-8. 
  52. ^ Denisoff, R. Serge (1988). Inside MTV. Transaction Publishers. pp. 274, 278. ISBN 0-887-38864-7. 
  53. ^ Jet February 8, 1988 - Vol. 73, n. 19, p.60. ISSN 0021-5996
  54. ^ "Nichiren Buddhism". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/subdivisions/nichiren_1.shtml. Retrieved 2009-03-26. 
  55. ^ Terry, Al. "Tina Turner Live Tickets – One Of The Biggest Selling Concert Tickets Ever!". Pressemeldungen.at. http://www.pressemeldungen.at/45469/tina-turner-live-tickets-%E2%80%93-one-of-the-biggest-selling-concert-tickets-ever/. Retrieved 2008-10-31. 
  56. ^ Wilder, John S. (January 17, 2002). "SB 2798: Highway Signs - "Tina Turner Highway"" (PDF). Legislation Archives - Bills and Resolutions: 102nd General Assembly. Nashville, TN: Tennessee Senate. http://www.capitol.tn.gov/Bills/102/Bill/SB2798.pdf. Retrieved June 26, 2010. 
  57. ^ Fitzhugh, Craig (January 22, 2002). "HB 2535: Highway Signs - "Tina Turner Highway"" (PDF). Legislation Archives - Bills and Resolutions: 102nd General Assembly. Nashville, TN: Tennessee House of Representatives. http://www.capitol.tn.gov/Bills/102/Bill/SB2798.pdf. Retrieved June 26, 2010. 
  58. ^ "Highway to Be Named for Tina Turner". Associated Press. AP Online News Wire. September 25, 2002. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-67731655.html. Retrieved June 26, 2010. 
  59. ^ Files, John (2005-12-05). "At Kennedy Center Honors, 5 More Join an Elite Circle". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/05/arts/05honors.html. Retrieved 2008-10-27. 
  60. ^ December 5, 2005, Long Beach Press-Telegram (CA)
  61. ^ December 6, 2005 Kansas City Star
  62. ^ Thomas, Karen (2005-12-04). "Kennedy Center honors five performing greats". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2005-12-04-kennedy-center_x.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-27. 
  63. ^ Spagat, Elliot (2007-12-13). "Rock pioneer Ike Turner dies at age 76". Associated Press. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17182622. Retrieved 2007-12-14. [dead link]
  64. ^ "Tina Turner: 'No Comment' on Ike Turner's Death.". People. 2007-12-12. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20165923,00.html. Retrieved 2009-02-16. 
  65. ^ "Tina Turner wows Grammy crowd with comeback". Reuters. 2008-02-11. http://www.reuters.com/article/musicNews/idUSN0955003720080211. Retrieved 2008-02-17. 
  66. ^ "Grammy Awards: Tina Turner, Kanye West sizzle onstage". The Dallas Morning News. 2008-02-11. http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20090617200034/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/ent/stories/DN-grammyreview_0211gl.ART.State.Edition1.3b2e6d2.html. Retrieved 2008-10-27. 
  67. ^ "Tina Turner says she's hitting the road again". USA Today. 2008-04-30. http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/2008-04-30-2451038577_x.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-21. 
  68. ^ "Beyond Singing: The Journey". Beyond Singing. http://www.beyondsinging.com/english/home/detail/article/76366/0/beyond---the-journy/. Retrieved 2009-09-20. 
  69. ^ "Rangers fans prove Simply the Best, taking Tina Turner hit back into the Top Ten". Scotsman. http://sport.scotsman.com/celticfc/Rangers-fans-prove-Simply-the.6252275.jp. Retrieved 2010-12-14. 
  70. ^ Fresh Air from WHYY : NPR
  71. ^ "Ike and Tina Turner". Rockhall.com. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/ike-and-tina-turner. Retrieved 2008-11-01. 
  72. ^ "Grammy Hall of Fame Award: Past Recipients". The Recording Academy. http://www.grammy.com/Recording_Academy/Awards/Hall_of_Fame/#p. Retrieved 2008-09-03. [dead link]
  73. ^ "President Welcomes Kennedy Center Honorees to the White House". Whitehouse.gov. 2005-12-04. http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2005/12/20051204.html. Retrieved 2008-10-27. 

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tina Turner
Themes
Soundtracks
Eon films
themes
Non-Eon films
themes
Compilations
Related articles
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&oldid=474007075"
Personal tools
Namespaces
Variants
Actions
Navigation
Interaction
Toolbox
Print/export
Languages