Tinospora cordifolia
| Tinospora cordifolia | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Menispermaceae |
| Genus: | Tinospora |
| Species: | T. cordifolia |
| Binomial name | |
| Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers |
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Tinospora cordifolia, which is known by the common name Guduchi, is an herbaceous vine of the family Menispermaceae indigenous to the tropical areas of India, Myanmar and Sri Lanka.
The plant is a glabrous climbing shrub found throughout India, typically growing in deciduous and dry forests. The leaves are heart shaped. The succulent bark is creamy white to grey in color, with deep clefts spotted with lenticels. It puts out long, slender aerial roots, and is often grown on mango or neem trees.[1] Flowers are yellow, growing in lax racemes from nodes on old wood. Fruits are drupes, turning red when ripe.[2]
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[edit] Constituents
The active adaptogenic constituents are diterpene compounds, polyphenols, and polysaccharides, including arabinogalactan polysaccharide (TSP).[3][4]
[edit] In herbal medicine
A standardized extract from Tinospora known as Tinofend has been studied clinically. One small study in 75 patients with allergic rhinitis showed statistically significant reduction of symptoms compared to placebo.[5] An independent review of this study concluded that "larger and more rigorously designed clinical trials are warranted" for an accurate evaluation of Tinofend's effectiveness.[6]
Tinospora cordifolia and related species such as Tinospora crispa and Tinospora rumphii Boerl are used in Ayurvedic and Jamu herbal medicine. Recent research has demonstrated that a combination of T. cordifolia extract and turmeric extract is effective in reducing the hepatotoxicity which is induced by the combination of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for treating tuberculosis.[7]
According to the 1918 United States Dispensatory, the plant has a long history of use in India as a medicine and in the preparation of a starch known as Giloe-ka-sat or as Palo.[8]
[edit] Common names
There are many common names for this species in different languages. In Karnataka it is known as Amrutha balli.[9] In Sri Lanka it is known as Rasakinda.[10]
[edit] References
- ^ Wagner, Hildebert (1999). Immunomodulatory agents from plants. Birkhäuser. pp. 294. ISBN 9783764358488. http://books.google.com/books?id=ReY_8gfGL7wC&pg=PA294.
- ^ Warrier, P. K.; V. P. K. Nambiar, C. Ramankutty, R. Vasudevan Nair (1996). [9788125007630 Indian medicinal plants: a compendium of 500 species, Volume 5]. Orient Blackswan. pp. 283. ISBN http://books.google.com/books?id=y3_vZIUVVj8C&pg=PA283. 9788125007630.
- ^ Winston, David & Maimes, Steven. “Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength, Stamina, and Stress Relief,” Healing Arts Press, 2007.
- ^ [1] S.S. SINGH, S.C. PANDEY, S. SRIVASTAVA, V.S. GUPTA, B. PATRO, A.C. GHOSHCHEMISTRY AND MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA (GUDUCHI)Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2003; 35: 83-91
- ^ Badar, VA; Thawani, VR; Wakode, PT; Shrivastava, MP; Gharpure, KJ; Hingorani, LL; Khiyani, RM (2005). "Efficacy of Tinospora cordifolia in allergic rhinitis". Journal of ethnopharmacology 96 (3): 445–9. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.034. PMID 15619563.
- ^ Guo, R; Pittler, MH; Ernst, E (2007). "Herbal medicines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis: A systematic review". Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology 99 (6): 483–95. doi:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60375-4. PMID 18219828.
- ^ Adhvaryu MR, Reddy MN, Vakharia BC. Prevention of hepatotoxicity due to anti tuberculosis treatment: A novel integrative approach. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008; 14(30): 4753-4762.
- ^ Tinospora. Tinospora cordifolia. | Henriette's Herbal Homepage
- ^ Ethnobotanical Leaflets
- ^ Lanka Chronicle
[edit] External Links
- Caldecott, Todd (2006). Ayurveda: The Divine Science of Life. Elsevier/Mosby. ISBN 0723434107. Contains a detailed monograph on Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi) as well as a discussion of health benefits and usage in clinical practice. Available online at http://www.toddcaldecott.com/index.php/herbs/learning-herbs/364-guduchi
