Tiwa languages
| Tiwa | |
|---|---|
| Spoken in | United States |
| Region | New Mexico, Arizona |
| Ethnicity | Tiwa people |
| Native speakers | <3000 (date missing) |
| Language family |
Tanoan
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | either: tix – Southern Tiwa twf – Northern Tiwa |
Tiwa (Spanish Tigua, also E-nagh-magh[1]) is a group of two, possibly three, related Tanoan languages spoken by the Tiwa Pueblo, and possibly Piro Pueblo, groups in the U.S. state of New Mexico.
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[edit] Subfamily members and relations
Southern Tiwa is spoken in Isleta Pueblo, Sandia Pueblo, and Ysleta del Sur Pueblo.
The remaining two languages form a subgrouping known as Northern Tiwa. Northern Tiwa consists of Taos spoken in Taos Pueblo and Picuris spoken in Picuris Pueblo.
[edit] Piro
An extinct language, Piro (Piro Pueblo), was formerly spoken in the more than twenty pueblos near Socorro, New Mexico.[2] It is poorly attested.[3] This language has sometimes been connected to the Tiwa branch.[4][5] However, most others have placed it on a separate branch within Tanoan.[6] William Leap has even contested that Piro is related to the other Tanoan languages.[7]
[edit] History
After the Pueblo Revolt against the Spanish Conquistadors in 1680, some of the Tigua and Piro fled south with the Spanish to El Paso del Norte (present-day Ciudad Juárez, Mexico). There they founded Ysleta, Texas, Socorro, Texas and Senecú del Sur[8] where their descendants live to this day.[9]
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
- ^ Lane in Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe (1851-1883) Historical and statistical information respecting the history, condition, and prospects of the Indian tribes of the United States; collected and prepared under the direction of the Bureau of Indian Affairs per act of Congress of March 3rd, 1847 Lippincott, Philadelphia, OCLC 6202862
- ^ Harrington, John P. (1909) "Notes on the Piro Language" American Anthropologist New Series, 11, (4): pp. 563-594, p.563
- ^ Harrington, John P. (1909) "Notes on the Piro Language" American Anthropologist New Series, 11, (4): pp. 563-594, p.567
- ^ Newman, Stanley (1954) "American Indian Linguistics in the Southwest" American Anthropologist New Series, 56(4): pp. 626-634, 631
- ^ Harrington, John P. (1909) "Notes on the Piro Language" American Anthropologist New Series, 11, (4): pp. 563-594, p.594
- ^ Harrington, John P. (1909) "Notes on the Piro Language" American Anthropologist New Series, 11, (4): pp. 563-594, p.566-567
- ^ Leap, William L. (1971) "Who Were the Piro?" Anthropological Linguistics 13: pp. 321-330
- ^ Marshall, Michael P. and Walt, Henry J., (1984) "Chapter 11: Pre-Revolt Place Names: Senecú" Rio Abajo: Prehistory and History of a Rio Grande Province New Mexico Historic Preservation Division, Santa Fe, p. 252, OCLC 11553460
- ^ Eickhoff, Randy Lee (1996) Exiled: The Tigua Indians of Ysleta del Sur Republic of Texas Press, Plano, Texas, ISBN 1-55622-507-5
[edit] External links
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