Tom Okker
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| Country | |
|---|---|
| Residence | Hazerswoude-Dorp |
| Born | 22 February 1944 Amsterdam |
| Height | 1.77 m (5 ft 10 in) |
| Weight | ? |
| Turned pro | 1968 |
| Retired | 1981 |
| Plays | Right-handed |
| Career prize money | US$1,257,200 |
| Singles | |
| Career record | 520–216 (at Grand Prix tour, WCT tour, and Grand Slam level, and in Davis Cup) |
| Career titles | 31 |
| Highest ranking | No. 3 (2 March 1974) |
| Grand Slam results | |
| Australian Open | SF (1971) |
| French Open | SF (1969) |
| Wimbledon | SF (1978) |
| US Open | F (1968) |
| Doubles | |
| Career record | 550–152 (at Grand Prix tour, WCT tour, and Grand Slam level, and in Davis Cup) |
| Career titles | 69 |
| Highest ranking | No. 1 (1969) |
| Grand Slam Doubles results | |
| Australian Open | F (1971) |
| French Open | W (1973), SF (1969), SF (1978) |
| Wimbledon | F (1969), SF (1974), SF (1978), SF (1981) |
| US Open | W (1976), F (1975) |
| Last updated on: 31 May 2007. | |
| Medal record | ||
|---|---|---|
| Competitor for the |
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| Maccabiah Games | ||
| Men's tennis | ||
| Gold | 1965 Israel | Men's Singles |
| Gold | 1965 Israel | Mixed Doubles |
Thomas S. Okker (born 22 February 1944) is a former Dutch tennis player.[1] He was ranked among the world's top 10 singles players for seven consecutive years, 1968–74, reaching a career high of world # 3 in 1969. He also was ranked World # 1 in doubles in 1969.
Contents |
[edit] Tennis career
Okker was the Dutch champion from 1964 through 1968. In 1968 he turned professional, and won his first important tournaments in singles and in doubles (with Marty Riessen) at the Italian Open. At Wimbledon, Okker reached the quarterfinals in 1968, and the semifinals in 1978. He achieved his best result in a Grand Slam tournament in 1968, when he lost the final of the US Open to Arthur Ashe 14–12, 5–7, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3.
Okker won 31 singles titles. As of 2000, 20 years after his retirement, Okker's 31 career "open tennis" singles victories (combined ATP tour, Grand Prix, and WCT tournaments) still ranked 20th all-time. Among Okker's singles titles were the 1970 German Open and Belgian Open, 1973 Dewar Cup and Canadian Open, and 1974 WCT Rothmans. He also was the runner-up in 24 singles tournaments.
Okker is also among the most successful men's doubles players of all time. Okker won two Grand Slam doubles titles, the US Open in 1976 (with Riessen) and the French Open (with John Newcombe) in 1973. In total, Okker won 78 doubles events, a record that was finally broken by Todd Woodbridge in 2005. Okker's other doubles titles include: 1973 Italian Open; 1973 London Grass Courts (with Riessen); 1973 Spanish Open (with Ilie Năstase); 1975 Opel International (with Arthur Ashe); and 1978 WCT World Doubles (with Wojtek Fibak).
One of the first tennis professionals to win at least U.S. $1 million in career prize money, Okker's WTC career earnings stood at U.S. $1,257,200 when he retired in 1980 ($3,546,157 today).
[edit] Davis Cup
Between 1964 and 1981, Okker represented The Netherlands in Davis Cup play, where he was 15–20. [1]
[edit] Maccabiah Games
In 1965 Okker won both the singles and the mixed doubles titles at the Maccabiah Games in Israel.
[edit] Style of play
Okker was a fan favorite with his animated, quick-footed play. He was a slight but canny player who often defeated larger, more powerful opponents. He was among the first players of his era to hit the ball with heavy topspin.
[edit] Open era singles finals
[edit] Titles (22)
| Outcome | No. | Date | Championship | Surface | Opponent in the final | Score in the final |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winner | 1. | 1968 | Rome, Italy | Clay | 10–8, 6–8, 6–1, 1–6, 6–0 | |
| Runner-up | 1. | 1968 | Gstaad, Switzerland | Clay | 3–6, 3–6, 0–6 | |
| Runner-up | 2. | 1968 | US Open, New York City | Grass | 12–14, 7–5, 3–6, 6–3, 3–6 | |
| Winner | 2. | 1969 | Monte Carlo, Monaco | Clay | 8–10, 6–1, 7–5, 6–3 | |
| Runner-up | 3. | 1969 | Gstaad, Switzerland | Clay | 1–6, 14–12, 4–6, 4–6 | |
| Winner | 3. | 1969 | Hilversum, Netherlands | Hard | 6–3, 4–6, 7–6 | |
| Runner-up | 4. | 1969 | Hamburg, Germany | Clay | 1–6, 7–5, 5–7, 6–8 | |
| Winner | 4. | 1969 | Paris Indoor, France | Carpet | 8–6, 6–2, 6–1 | |
| Runner-up | 5. | 1970 | Gstaad, Switzerland | Clay | 5–7, 5–7, 3–6 | |
| Winner | 5. | 1970 | Hilversum, Netherlands | Hard | 4–6, 6–0, 6–1, 6–3 | |
| Winner | 6. | 1970 | Hamburg, Germany | Clay | 4–6, 6–3, 6–3, 6–4 | |
| Runner-up | 6. | 1971 | Monte Carlo, Monaco | Clay | 6–3, 6–8, 1–6, 1–6 | |
| Runner-up | 7. | 1971 | Gstaad, Switzerland | Clay | 2–6, 7–5, 6–1, 5–7, 3–6 | |
| Winner | 7. | 1971 | Louisville WCT, U.S. | Clay | 3–6, 6–4, 6–1 | |
| Winner | 8. | 1971 | Quebec WCT, Canada | Indoor | 6–3, 7–6, 6–7, 6–4 | |
| Runner-up | 8. | 1971 | Montreal, Canada | Clay | 6–7, 6–3, 2–6, 6–7 | |
| Runner-up | 9. | 1971 | Vancouver WCT, Canada | Outdoor | 2–6, 2–6, 4–6 | |
| Winner | 9. | 1972 | Chicago WCT, U.S. | Carpet | 4–6, 6–2, 6–3 | |
| Runner-up | 10. | 1972 | Boston WCT, U.S. | Hard | 4–6, 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 | |
| Runner-up | 11. | 1972 | Stockholm, Sweden | Hard (i) | 4–6, 3–6 | |
| Runner-up | 12. | 1972 | Rotterdam WCT, Netherlands | Carpet | 6–3, 2–6, 1–6 | |
| Winner | 10. | 1973 | Washington WCT, U.S. | Carpet | 6–3, 6–7, 7–6 | |
| Winner | 11. | 1973 | Hilversum, Netherlands | Clay | 2–6, 6–4, 6–4, 6–7, 6–3 | |
| Runner-up | 13. | 1973 | Washington, D.C., U.S. | Clay | 4–6, 2–6 | |
| Winner | 12. | 1973 | Montreal, Canada | Hard | 6–3, 6–2, 6–1 | |
| Winner | 13. | 1973 | Seattle, U.S. | Other | 7–5, 6–4 | |
| Runner-up | 14. | 1973 | Los Angeles, U.S. | Hard | 5–7, 6–7 | |
| Winner | 14. | 1973 | Chicago, U.S. | Carpet | 3–6, 7–6, 6–3 | |
| Winner | 15. | 1973 | Madrid, Spain | Clay | 4–6, 6–3, 6–3, 7–5 | |
| Winner | 16. | 1973 | London, U.K. | Carpet | 6–3, 6–4 | |
| Runner-up | 15. | 1973 | Masters, Boston | Carpet | 3–6, 5–7, 6–4, 3–6 | |
| Winner | 17. | 1974 | Toronto WCT, Canada | Carpet | 6–3, 6–4 | |
| Runner-up | 16. | 1974 | Washington WCT, U.S. | Carpet | 3–6, 3–6 | |
| Winner | 18. | 1974 | Rotterdam, Netherlands | Carpet | 4–6, 7–6, 6–1 | |
| Runner-up | 17. | 1974 | Boston, U.S. | Clay | 6–7, 1–6, 1–6 | |
| Runner-up | 18. | 1974 | Stockholm, Sweden | Hard (i) | 2–6, 2–6 | |
| Runner-up | 19. | 1975 | Rotterdam WCT, Netherlands | Carpet | 6–3, 2–6, 4–6 | |
| Runner-up | 20. | 1975 | Johannesburg WCT, South Africa | Hard | 4–6, 2–6 | |
| Runner-up | 21. | 1975 | Stockholm WCT, Sweden | Carpet | 4–6, 2–6 | |
| Winner | 19. | 1975 | Nottingham, U.K. | Grass | 6–1, 3–6, 6–3 | |
| Winner | 20. | 1975 | Paris Indoor, France | Hard (i) | 6–3, 2–6, 6–3, 3–6, 6–4 | |
| Winner | 21. | 1977 | Richmond WCT, U.S. | Carpet | 3–6, 6–3, 6–4 | |
| Runner-up | 22. | 1978 | Hilversum, Netherlands | Clay | 6–2, 1–6, 2–6, 4–6 | |
| Winner | 22. | 1979 | Tel-Aviv, Israel | Hard | 6–4, 6–3 |
[edit] Doubles Titles (68)
| Outcome | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents in the final | Score in the final |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winner | 1. | 1968 | Rome, Italy | Clay | 6–3, 6–4, 6–2 | ||
| Runner-up | 1. | 1968 | Gstaad, Switzerland | Clay | 10–8, 10–12, 14–12, 3–6, 3–6 | ||
| Winner | 2. | 1968 | Hamburg, Germany | Clay | 6–4, 6–4, 7–5 | ||
| Winner | 3. | 1969 | Philadelphia, U.S. | Carpet | 8–6, 6–4 | ||
| Runner-up | 2. | 1969 | Wimbledon, London | Grass | 5–7, 9–11, 3–6 | ||
| Winner | 4. | 1969 | Gstaad, Switzerland | Clay | 6–1, 6–4 | ||
| Winner | 5. | 1969 | Hamburg, Germany | Clay | 6–1, 6–2, 6–4 | ||
| Winner | 6. | 1970 | London/Queen's Club, England | Grass | 6–4, 6–4 | ||
| Runner-up | 3. | 1970 | Gstaad, Switzerland | Clay | 2–6, 3–6, 2–6 | ||
| Runner-up | 4. | 1970 | Hamburg, Germany | Clay | 3–6, 5–7, 2–6 | ||
| Winner | 7. | 1970 | Los Angeles, U.S. | Hard | 7–6, 6–2 | ||
| Runner-up | 5. | 1971 | Australian Open, Melbourne | Grass | 2–6, 6–7 | ||
| Runner-up | 6. | 1971 | Monte Carlo, Monaco | Clay | 6–1, 3–6, 3–6, 6–8 | ||
| Winner | 8. | 1971 | Chicago WCT, U.S. | Carpet | 7–6, 4–6, 7–6 | ||
| Winner | 9. | 1971 | Dallas WCT, U.S. | Carpet | 6–3, 6–4 | ||
| Winner | 10. | 1971 | London/Queen's Club, England | Grass | 8–6, 4–6, 10–8 | ||
| Runner-up | 7. | 1971 | Gstaad, Switzerland | Clay | 7–5, 3–6, 4–6 | ||
| Winner | 11. | 1971 | Washington, D.C., U.S. | Clay | 7–6, 6–2 | ||
| Runner-up | 8. | 1971 | Quebec WCT, Canada | Indoor | 6–7, 2–6 | ||
| Runner-up | 9. | 1971 | Boston WCT, U.S. | Clay | 4–6, 4–6 | ||
| Winner | 12. | 1971 | Montreal, Canada | Clay | 6–3, 6–3, 6–1 | ||
| Winner | 13. | 1971 | Cologne, Germany | Carpet | 6–7, 3–6, 7–6, 6–3, 6–4 | ||
| Winner | 14. | 1972 | Richmond WCT, U.S. | Carpet | 7–6, 7–6 | ||
| Winner | 15. | 1972 | Miami WCT, U.S. | Hard | 7–5, 6–4 | ||
| Winner | 16. | 1972 | Chicago WCT, U.S. | Carpet | 6–2, 6–3 | ||
| Winner | 17. | 1972 | Charlotte WCT, U.S. | Clay | 6–4, 4–6, 7–6 | ||
| Winner | 18. | 1972 | Washington, D.C., U.S. | Clay | 3–6, 6–3, 6–2 | ||
| Winner | 19. | 1972 | Fort Worth WCT, U.S. | Hard | 6–2, 6–2 | ||
| Winner | 20. | 1972 | Montreal WCT, Canada | Outdoor | 6–1, 4–6, 7–6 | ||
| Winner | 21. | 1972 | Alamo WCT, U.S. | Outdoor | 7–6, 6–4 | ||
| Winner | 22. | 1972 | Stockholm, Sweden | Hard (i) | 7–5, 7–6 | ||
| Winner | 23. | 1972 | Gothenburg WCT, Sweden | Carpet | 6–2, 7–6 | ||
| Winner | 24. | 1973 | London WCT, England | Hard (i) | 6–3, 6–3 | ||
| Winner | 25. | 1973 | Milan WCT, Italy | Carpet | 6–3, 6–3 | ||
| Runner-up | 10. | 1973 | Cologne WCT, Germany | Carpet | 6–7, 3–6 | ||
| Winner | 26. | 1973 | Washington WCT, U.S. | Carpet | 4–6, 7–6, 6–2 | ||
| Winner | 27. | 1973 | Houston, U.S. | Clay | 7–5, 7–5 | ||
| Winner | 28. | 1973 | Charlotte WCT, U.S. | Clay | 7–6, 3–6, 6–3 | ||
| Runner-up | 11. | 1973 | Denver WCT, U.S. | Carpet | 6–3, 3–6, 6–7 | ||
| Runner-up | 12. | 1973 | World Doubles WCT, Montreal | Carpet | 2–6, 6–7, 0–6 | ||
| Winner | 29. | 1973 | French Open, Paris | Clay | 6–1, 3–6, 6–3, 5–7, 6–4 | ||
| Winner | 30. | 1973 | Rome, Italy | Clay | 6–2, 6–3, 6–4 | ||
| Winner | 31. | 1973 | London/Queen's Club, England | Grass | 6–4, 7–5 | ||
| Winner | 32. | 1973 | Seattle, U.S. | 2–6, 6–4, 7–6 | |||
| Winner | 33. | 1973 | Barcelona, Spain | Clay | 4–6, 6–3, 6–2 | ||
| Winner | 34. | 1973 | Madrid, Spain | Clay | 6–3, 6–0 | ||
| Winner | 35. | 1973 | Johannesburg, South Africa | Hard | 6–2, 4–6, 6–2, 6–4 | ||
| Runner-up | 13. | 1974 | Toronto WCT, Canada | Carpet | 3–6, 6–2, 4–6 | ||
| Runner-up | 14. | 1974 | Miami WCT, U.S. | Hard | 6–4, 4–6, 5–7 | ||
| Runner-up | 15. | 1974 | Washington WCT, U.S. | Carpet | 6–7, 3–6 | ||
| Winner | 36. | 1974 | Stockholm, Sweden | Hard (i) | 2–6, 6–3, 6–4 | ||
| Runner-up | 16. | 1974 | Johannesburg, South Africa | Hard | 6–7, 4–6, 3–6 | ||
| Runner-up | 17. | 1975 | Bologna WCT, Italy | Carpet | 3–6, 6–3, 3–6 | ||
| Winner | 37. | 1975 | Barcelona WCT, Spain | Carpet | 7–5, 6–1 | ||
| Runner-up | 18. | 1975 | Monte Carlo WCT, Monaco | Clay | 3–6, 2–6 | ||
| Winner | 38. | 1975 | Johannesburg WCT, South Africa | Hard | 6–3, 6–2 | ||
| Winner | 39. | 1975 | Stockholm WCT, Sweden | Carpet | 6–3, 7–6 | ||
| Runner-up | 19. | 1975 | Nottingham, England | Grass | 2–6, 3–6 | ||
| Runner-up | 20. | 1975 | US Open, New York | Clay | 4–6, 6–7 | ||
| Runner-up | 21. | 1975 | Paris Indoor, France | Hard (i) | 4–6, 6–7 | ||
| Winner | 40. | 1975 | Hong Kong | Hard | 6–3, 6–4 | ||
| Runner-up | 22. | 1976 | Columbus WCT, U.S. | Carpet | 6–7, 4–6 | ||
| Runner-up | 23. | 1976 | Richmond WCT, U.S. | Carpet | 4–6, 5–7 | ||
| Runner-up | 24. | 1976 | Rotterdam WCT, Netherlands | Carpet | 1–6, 7–6, 6–7 | ||
| Winner | 41. | 1976 | Basel, Switzerland | Carpet | 6–4, 7–6, 6–4 | ||
| Runner-up | 25. | 1976 | Johannesburg WCT, South Africa | Hard | 2–6, 5–7 | ||
| Runner-up | 26. | 1976 | Stockholm WCT, Sweden | Carpet | 4–6, 5–7 | ||
| Winner | 42. | 1976 | US Open, New York | Clay | 6–4, 6–4 | ||
| Winner | 43. | 1976 | Paris Indoor, France | Hard (i) | 6–2, 6–2 | ||
| Runner-up | 27. | 1976 | Stockholm, Sweden | Hard (i) | 4–6, 6–4, 4–6 | ||
| Winner | 44. | 1977 | Birmingham WCT, United States | Carpet | 6–3, 6–4 | ||
| Runner-up | 28. | 1977 | Philadelphia WCT, U.S. | Carpet | 1–6, 6–1, 3–6 | ||
| Winner | 45. | 1977 | Richmond WCT, United States | Carpet | 6–4, 6–4 | ||
| Winner | 46. | 1977 | Mexico City WCT, Mexico | Hard | 6–2, 6–3 | ||
| Winner | 47. | 1977 | Toronto Indoor WCT, Canada | Carpet | 6–4, 6–1 | ||
| Winner | 48. | 1977 | Rotterdam, Netherlands | Carpet | 6–4, 6–4 | ||
| Runner-up | 29. | 1977 | Monte Carlo WCT, Monaco | Clay | 6–2, 3–6, 2–6 | ||
| Winner | 49. | 1977 | Charlotte WCT, Netherlands | Carpet | 6–1, 3–6, 7–6 | ||
| Winner | 50. | 1977 | Woodlands Doubles, U.S. | Hard | 3–6, 6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 6–1 | ||
| Winner | 51. | 1977 | Stockholm, Sweden | Hard (i) | 6–3, 6–3 | ||
| Runner-up | 30. | 1978 | St. Louis WCT, U.S. | Carpet | 3–6, 2–6 | ||
| Winner | 52. | 1978 | Houston WCT, United States | Clay | 7–5, 7–5 | ||
| Winner | 53. | 1978 | World Doubles WCT, United States | Carpet | 6–7, 6–4, 6–0, 6–3 | ||
| Winner | 54. | 1978 | Hamburg, Germany | Clay | 6–2, 6–4 | ||
| Runner-up | 31. | 1978 | Munich, Germany | Clay | 6–3, 4–6, 6–7 | ||
| Winner | 55. | 1978 | Gstaad, Switzerland | Clay | 6–4, 1–6, 6–1, 6–4 | ||
| Winner | 56. | 1978 | Hilversum, Netherlands | Clay | 7–6, 4–6, 7–5 | ||
| Winner | 57. | 1978 | Toronto, Canada | Clay | 6–3, 7–6 | ||
| Winner | 58. | 1978 | Woodlands Doubles, United States | Hard | 7–6, 3–6, 4–6, 7–6, 6–3 | ||
| Winner | 59. | 1978 | Stockholm, Sweden | Hard (i) | 6–3, 6–2 | ||
| Runner-up | 32. | 1979 | Birmingham, U.S. | Carpet | 2–6, 3–6 | ||
| Winner | 60. | 1979 | Philadelphia, United States | Carpet | 5–7, 6–1, 6–3 | ||
| Runner-up | 33. | 1979 | Denver, U.S. | Carpet | 6–7, 3–6 | ||
| Winner | 61. | 1979 | Memphis, United States | Carpet | 6–4, 6–4 | ||
| Winner | 62. | 1979 | Stuttgart Indoor, Germany | Hard (i) | 6–3, 5–7, 7–6 | ||
| Winner | 63. | 1979 | Munich, Germany | Clay | 7–6, 7–5 | ||
| Winner | 64. | 1979 | Hilversum, Netherlands | Clay | 6–1, 6–3 | ||
| Winner | 65. | 1979 | Tel Aviv, Israel | Hard | 7–5, 6–4 | ||
| Runner-up | 34. | 1979 | Stockholm, Sweden | Hard (i) | 4–6, 4–6 | ||
| Runner-up | 35. | 1980 | Masters Doubles WCT, London | Carpet | 6–3, 4–6, 4–6, 6–3, 3–6 | ||
| Winner | 66. | 1980 | Birmingham, U.S. | Carpet | 6–3, 6–3 | ||
| Winner | 67. | 1980 | Cairo, Egypt | Clay | 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 | ||
| Winner | 68. | 1980 | Hilversum, Netherlands | Clay | 7–5, 6–3, 7–6 | ||
| Runner-up | 36. | 1980 | Bangkok, Thailand | Carpet | 6–7, 6–7 |
[edit] Grand Slam Statistics
[edit] Singles performance timeline
| Tournament | 1964 | 1965 | 1966 | 1967 | 1968 | 1969 | 1970 | 1971 | 1972 | 1973 | 1974 | 1975 | 1976 | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 | SR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grand Slam Tournaments | |||||||||||||||||||
| Australian Open | A | 2R | 3R | A | A | 1R | QF | SF | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | 0 / 5 |
| French Open | A | 2R | 4R | QF | A | SF | A | A | A | QF | A | A | A | A | 1R | A | A | A | 0 / 6 |
| Wimbledon | 2R | 1R | 4R | 2R | QF | QF | 2R | 4R | A | A | 4R | QF | 3R | 4R | SF | QF | 3R | 1R | 0 / 16 |
| US Open | 1R | A | A | A | F | 1R | 4R | SF | 3R | 4R | 4R | 2R | 3R | A | 1R | 1R | 1R | A | 0 / 13 |
| Grand Slam SR | 0 / 2 | 0 / 3 | 0 / 3 | 0 / 2 | 0 / 2 | 0 / 4 | 0 / 3 | 0 / 3 | 0 / 1 | 0 / 2 | 0 / 2 | 0 / 2 | 0 / 2 | 0 / 1 | 0 / 3 | 0 / 2 | 0 / 2 | 0 / 1 | 0 / 40 |
| Year End Ranking | N/A | 4 | 6 | 11 | 23 | 31 | 50 | 56 | 107 | N/A | |||||||||
[edit] Singles finals, 1 (1 runner-up)
| Outcome | Year | Championship | Surface | Opponent in the final | Score in the final |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Runner-up | 1968 | US Open | Grass | 14–12, 5–7, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 |
[edit] Men's Doubles finals, 5 (2 titles, 3 runner-ups)
| Outcome | Year | Championship | Surface | Partner | Opponents in the final | Score in the final |
| Runner-Up | 1969 | Wimbledon | Grass | 7–5, 11–9, 6–3 | ||
| Runner-Up | 1971 | Australian Open | Grass | 6–2, 7–6 | ||
| Winner | 1973 | French Open | Clay | 6–1, 3–6, 6–3, 5–7, 6–4 | ||
| Runner-Up | 1975 | U.S. Open | Grass | 6–4, 7–6 | ||
| Winner | 1976 | U.S. Open | Grass | 6–4, 6–4 |
[edit] International Jewish Hall of Fame
Okker, who is Jewish, was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 2003.[citation needed]
[edit] Miscellaneous
Although officially retired, Okker continues to play in senior tennis tournaments, and owns an art gallery in Hazerswoude-Dorp, Netherlands.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
| Awards | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Jan Janssen |
Dutch Sportsman of the Year 1969 |
Succeeded by Ard Schenk |
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[edit] References
- ^ Editors, Tennis Magazine (1978-06-01). Tennis Strokes and Strategies. Simon & Schuster. pp. 36–40. ISBN 9780671242015. http://books.google.com/books?id=WuiweMT85lIC. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
