Tomsk

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This article is about the Russian city. For Tomsk the Womble, see The Wombles.
Tomsk (English)
Томск (Russian)
-  City[citation needed]  -
Tomsk Lenin square.jpg
Lenin Square
Map of Russia - Tomsk Oblast (2008-03).svg
Location of Tomsk Oblast in Russia
Tomsk is located in Tomsk Oblast
{{{alt}}}
Tomsk
Coordinates: 56°30′N 84°58′E / 56.5°N 84.967°E / 56.5; 84.967Coordinates: 56°30′N 84°58′E / 56.5°N 84.967°E / 56.5; 84.967
Tomsk city coat of arms.png
Tomsk city flag.png
Coat of arms
Flag
City Day June 7[citation needed]
Administrative status
Country Russia
Federal subject Tomsk Oblast
Administrative center of Tomsk Oblast, Tomsky District[citation needed]
Municipal status
Urban okrug Tomsk Urban Okrug[citation needed]
Leader[citation needed] Nikolay Nikolaychuk (acting)[citation needed]
Representative body Duma[citation needed]
Statistics
Area (2008) 297.2 km2 (114.7 sq mi)[1]
Population (2010 Census,
preliminary)		 522,940 inhabitants[2]
- Rank in 2010 32nd
Population (2002 Census) 487,838 inhabitants[3]
- Rank in 2002 34th
Density (2008) 1,755.2 /km2 (4,546 /sq mi)[1]
Time zone OMSST (UTC+07:00)[4]
Founded October 7, 1604[citation needed]
Postal code(s) 634xxx[citation needed]
Dialing code(s) +7 3822[citation needed]
Official website

Tomsk (Russian: Томск) is a city and the administrative center of Tomsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Tom River. One of the oldest towns in Siberia, Tomsk celebrated its 400th anniversary in 2004. Population: 522,940 (2010 Census preliminary results);[2] 487,838 (2002 Census);[5] 501,963 (1989 Census).[6]

It is served by the Bogashevo Airport.

Contents

[edit] Geography

Tomsk is divided into four city districts: Kirovsky, Leninsky, Oktyabrsky, and Sovetsky.

In 2005, the city annexed the settlements of Eushta, Dzerzhinsky, Timiryazevskoye, Zonalny, Loskutovo, Svetly, Kirgizka, and Kopylovo.

Tomsk is located about 20 kilometers (12 mi) southeast of the town of Seversk, a major center of plutonium production and reprocessing and uranium enrichment.

[edit] Climate

Tomsk has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb). The annual average temperature is +0.6 °C (33.08 °F). Winters are severe and lengthy, and the lowest recorded temperature was −55 °C (−67 °F) in January 1931. However, the average temperature in January is between −21 °C (−6 °F) and −13 °C (9 °F). The average temperature in July is +18.7 °C (65.66 °F). The total yearly rainfall is 568 millimeters (22.4 in). In 2006, Tomsk experienced what might have been its first recorded hurricane-force winds, which toppled trees and damaged houses.[7]

Climate data for Tomsk
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 3.7
(38.7)		 7.1
(44.8)		 17.7
(63.9)		 26.5
(79.7)		 34.4
(93.9)		 34.7
(94.5)		 35.1
(95.2)		 33.8
(92.8)		 31.7
(89.1)		 25.1
(77.2)		 11.6
(52.9)		 6.5
(43.7)		 35.1
(95.2)
Average high °C (°F) −13
(9)		 −9.6
(14.7)		 −1.1
(30.0)		 7.0
(44.6)		 17.5
(63.5)		 22.3
(72.1)		 24.8
(76.6)		 21.7
(71.1)		 14.4
(57.9)		 6.0
(42.8)		 −4.8
(23.4)		 −11.1
(12.0)		 6.2
(43.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) −17.1
(1.2)		 −14.7
(5.5)		 −7
(19.4)		 1.3
(34.3)		 10.4
(50.7)		 15.8
(60.4)		 18.7
(65.7)		 15.7
(60.3)		 9.0
(48.2)		 1.7
(35.1)		 −8.3
(17.1)		 −15.1
(4.8)		 0.9
(33.6)
Average low °C (°F) −20.9
(−5.6)		 −18.9
(−2.0)		 −11.9
(10.6)		 −3.3
(26.1)		 4.7
(40.5)		 10.5
(50.9)		 13.7
(56.7)		 11.1
(52.0)		 5.1
(41.2)		 −1.3
(29.7)		 −11.4
(11.5)		 −18.9
(−2.0)		 −3.5
(25.7)
Record low °C (°F) −55
(−67)		 −51.3
(−60.3)		 −42.4
(−44.3)		 −31.1
(−24.0)		 −17.5
(0.5)		 −3.5
(25.7)		 1.5
(34.7)		 −1.6
(29.1)		 −8.1
(17.4)		 −29.1
(−20.4)		 −48.3
(−54.9)		 −50
(−58)		 −55
(−67)
Precipitation mm (inches) 35
(1.38)		 24
(0.94)		 25
(0.98)		 34
(1.34)		 41
(1.61)		 61
(2.4)		 75
(2.95)		 67
(2.64)		 50
(1.97)		 55
(2.17)		 52
(2.05)		 49
(1.93)		 568
(22.36)
Source: Pogoda.ru.net[8]

[edit] History

Tomsk was established under a decree from Tsar Boris Godunov in 1604 after Toyan, the Tatar duke of Eushta, asked for the Tsar's protection against Kirghiz robbers. The Tsar sent 200 Cossacks under the command of Vasiliy Tyrkov and Gavriil Pisemsky to construct a fortress on the bank of the Tom River overlooking what would become the city of Tomsk. Toyan ceded the land for the fortress to the Tsar.[9]

In 1804, the government selected Tomsk to become the center for a new governorate which would include the modern cities of Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, and Krasnoyarsk as well as the territories which are now in eastern Kazakhstan. The new status brought development and the city grew quickly.[9]

The discovery of gold in 1830 brought further development to Tomsk in the 19th century. However, when the Trans-Siberian Railway bypassed the city in favor of the village of Novonikolayevsk (now Novosibirsk), development began to move south to connect with the railway. In time, Novosibirsk would surpass Tomsk in importance.

In the mid-19th century, one-fifth of the city's residents were exiles. However, within a few years, the city would be reinvented as the educational center of Siberia with the establishment of Tomsk State University and Tomsk Polytechnic University. By World War II, every 12th resident of the city was a student,[9] giving rise to the city's informal name - Siberian Athens.

After the Russian Revolution the city was a notable center of the White movement, led by Anatoly Pepelyayev and Maria Bochkareva, among others. After the capture by the Red Army, Tomsk was incorporated into West Siberian Krai and later into Novosibirsk Oblast.

As in many Siberian cities, Tomsk became the new home for many factories relocated out of the War Zone at the beginning of the Second World War. The resulting growth of the city led the Soviet government to establish a new Oblast centered on Tomsk.[9]

  • Tomsk Central Railway Terminal

  • The Main Building of Tomsk State University

  • Tomsk University clinic in the early 1900s

  • The Trinity Cathedral,designed by Konstantin Thon, built as a replica of Moscow's Christ the Saviour Cathedral, destroyed in the 1930s

  • 2004 silver three-rouble coin commemorating the city

  • City map, circa 1898

[edit] Politics

A monument to Vladimir Lenin in Tomsk

Tomsk is governed by a mayor and a 33-member city Duma. Nikolay Nikolaychuk,[10][11][12] a member of The United Russia Party, is the acting Mayor.[13] The current mayor Alexander Makarov was suspended from his post pending the outcome of criminal proceedings against him. in russian Of the 33 members, 16 are elected from the eight double mandate districts while 17 are chosen from party lists.

In the October 2005 local elections, United Russia was expected to cruise to a solid victory; however, the Pensioners Party put up a strong showing. The final count was:

[edit] Proportional representation

[edit] Double mandates

  • 10 seats—No party affiliation
  • 4 seats—United Russia
  • 1 seat—Pensioners Party
  • 1 seat—Liberal Democratic Party of Russia

[edit] Education

Main article: Education in Siberia

Tomsk has a number of prominent institutions of higher education, including:

The large number of educational institutions in the city have contributed to making Tomsk a major center for Russia's IT industry. Tomsk was one of the first cities in Russia to possess Internet service, which became available in the early 1990s due to grants received by the universities and scientific cooperation.

[edit] Culture

Tomsk Museum for Regional Studies and the Organ Hall of the Philharmonic

Tomsk has many local cultural institutions including several dramatic theaters as well as a children's theater and a puppet theater. Major concert venues in the city include the Conservatory Concert hall and the Tomsk Palace of Sport. The city also has cultural centers dedicated to German, Polish and Tatar languages and culture.

One of the city's prominent theaters was destroyed in an act of terrorism in 1905. The Korolevsky Theater (built in 1884–85) was being used by a group of communist revolutionaries when the theater was attacked and set on fire by members of the Black Hundred, a hard-line nationalist organization. Those who escaped the flames were gunned down by Black-Hundred members waiting outside the theatre. Estimates put the number of casualties at between 200 and 1000.

There are a number of museums in Tomsk devoted to various subjects, most notably art, local history and wood carving. There is also a 'Museum of Oppression' housed in a former KGB dungeon. Tomsk State University has a number of small museums with exhibits on archaeology, paleontology, zoology as well as a herbarium and botanical garden

As in many other cities in the former Soviet Union, the revolutionary government destroyed a number of old churches in the city including two that had existed since the 17th century. However, Tomsk managed to retain some of its churches by transforming them into machine shops, warehouses, archives, and even residential buildings. Since the end of the communist era some of the churches have been renovated and returned to their congregations.

Tomsk is well known for its intricate "gingerbread" decoration of its traditional wooden houses. However, the number of old homes in this style is decreasing due to fire, as the structures have little to no fire protection, and redevelopment.

Trud (Labor) Stadium, in central Tomsk hosts FC Tom’, the city’s professional soccer club. The team’s 2004 promotion to the Russian Premier League gave local fans a chance to see some of the nation's best teams play at their local stadium.

Tomsk has many local media outlets including the TV2 television station, the radio stations Radio Siberia and Echo of Moscow in Tomsk along with several newspapers (Tomskii Vestnik, Tomskaya Nedelya, Krasnoye Znamya and Vechernii Tomsk).

In April 2006 Tomsk received international media attention as the venue of a major summit on economic cooperation, held in the city between Russian President Vladimir Putin and German Chancellor Angela Merkel.

Tomsk was the name given by children's author Elizabeth Beresford to one of her fictional characters The Wombles, all of whom are named after places.

[edit] Notable residents

A satirical monument to Anton Chekhov, who made an unfavorable mention of Tomsk in his diaries while traveling through the city on his way to Sakhalin

[edit] Economy

[edit] Energy generation

Tomsk has the oldest electrical grid in Siberia. There are three powerstations in the city:

  1. TEC-1 (launched on January 1, 1896)
  2. GRES-2 (launched on May 28, 1945)
  3. TEC-3 (launched on October 29, 1988)

Tomsk consumes more electric energy than it produces. The bulk of the city's electric and thermal energy is produced by the GRES-2 (281 MWt) and TEC-3 (140 MWt) powerplants, belonging to Tomskenergo Inc. Tomsk supplements its energy needs with electricity generated at Seversk.

[edit] Transportation

Road network:

  • northern branch of the M53 federal road;
  • road R 398 to Kolpashevo;
  • road R 400 to Mariinsk;
  • Northern latitude highway Perm—Surgut—Tomsk (under construction).

There is a commercial and passenger port on the Tom River.

The city is served by Bogashevo Airport.

[edit] Railways

Tomsk is a small railway centre that is situated on the Tayga (Тайга́)—Bely Yar line (Tomsk branch) of the Trans-Siberian Railway

The main line of the Trans-Siberian railway, built in 1896, passes 50 km south of Tomsk and bypasses Tomsk. Access from Tomsk to the Trans-Siberian railway is available via the town of Tayga. A regional rail line links Tomsk with Tayga.

The Tomsk Railway existed as an independent entity until 1961. At the present time, the Tomsk line belongs to the West-Siberian Railway, branch of Russian Railways Corp.. Trains link Tomsk to Anapa, Asino, Barnaul, Bely Yar, Moscow, Novokuznetsk, Novosibirsk, Sochi and Tayga.

[edit] City transport

The main part of inner-city and suburban transportation is provided by marshrutka collective taxis, over 1000 marchrutkas, mainly PAZ) minibuses, serve about 40 bus routes.

Additionally, the city has 11 proper bus routes, 8 trolleybus lines (built in 1967) and five tram lines (constructed in 1949). Private taxis are also readily available.

[edit] Air transport

Tomsk Bogashevo Airport is served by the following airlines:

Airlines Destinations
S7 Airlines Moscow-Domodedovo
Tomskavia Nizhnevartovsk, Strezhevoy, Surgut, Pionerny
Transaero Moscow-Domodedovo
UTair Moscow-Vnukovo, Surgut, Barnaul

The airport is also served by charter flights operated by UTair and Alrosa Mirny Air Enterprise

[edit] International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

[edit] Twin towns/sister cities

Tomsk is twinned with:

[edit] See also

[edit] References

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ a b Official website of the City of Tomsk. Structure of the Territory's Economy (Russian)
  2. ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012. 
  3. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved February 9, 2012. 
  4. ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
  5. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved February 9, 2012. 
  6. ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012. 
  7. ^ Погода и климат - Климат Томска (Weather and climate - Climate of Tomsk)
  8. ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). http://www.pogoda.ru.net/climate/29430.htm. Retrieved September 8, 2007. 
  9. ^ a b c d General Information about Tomsk, Kommersant Daily
  10. ^ Газета «Континент Сибирь» Пересадка в Томске
  11. ^ Официальный интернет-сайт муниципалитета г.Томска: Николайчук Николай Алексеевич
  12. ^ Исполняющий обязанности мэра города Томска Николайчук Николай Алексеевич
  13. ^ Николайчук Николай Алексеевич - Первый заместитель Мэра г. Томска // Кто есть кто :: Деловой мир Сибири

[edit] External links

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Cities and towns in Tomsk Oblast
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