Tongliao

Tongliao 通辽
—  Prefecture-level city  —
通辽市
view along Liao River
Tongliao City(red) in Inner Mongolia (orange) and China
Tongliao Location in Inner Mongolia
Coordinates: 43°37′N 122°16′E
Country	People's Republic of China
Region	Inner Mongolia
Elevation	179 m (587 ft)
Time zone	China Standard (UTC+8)
Website	http://www.tongliao.gov.cn/

Tongliao (simplified Chinese: 通辽; traditional Chinese: 通遼; pinyin: Tōngliáo Mongolian: , Töngliyao) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. The area is 59,535 square kilometres (22,987 sq mi) and population is 3,028,419 (as of 31 November 2001); the city proper has 411,625 inhabitants (2001). The city was the administrative centre of the defunct Jurim League (哲里木盟).

The original Mongolian name for Tongliao city is Bayisingtu ('having buildings'), while the original name of the province is Jirim. The Mongolian dialect spoken in this area is Khorchin Mongolian.

Geography and climate

It borders Jilin province to the east, Liaoning to the south, Chifeng to the southwest, the Xilin Gol League to the west, and the Hinggan League to the north. Not far from Tongliao are silica sands. Tongliao has an total area of 59,535 square kilometers, accounting for 5.4% of Inner Mongolia's total. The city is 315 kilometers away from Beijing, the capital of China. Tongliao has a four-season, monsoon-influenced, continental steppe climate (Koppen BSk), with long, cold, windy, but dry winters, and hot, humid summers. Monthly mean temperatures range from −13.5 °C (7.7 °F) in January to 24.1 °C (75.4 °F) in July, with an annual mean of 6.6 °C (43.9 °F). Much of the year's rainfall occurs from June to August, and even then dry and sunny weather dominates in the city.

Climate data for Tongliao (1971−2000)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	−6.8 (19.8)	−2.4 (27.7)	5.6 (42.1)	15.8 (60.4)	22.9 (73.2)	27.4 (81.3)	29.3 (84.7)	28.1 (82.6)	22.9 (73.2)	14.5 (58.1)	3.6 (38.5)	−4.6 (23.7)	13.03 (55.45)
Average low °C (°F)	−18.8 (−1.8)	−15.1 (4.8)	−7.1 (19.2)	2.2 (36.0)	9.6 (49.3)	15.5 (59.9)	19.2 (66.6)	17.3 (63.1)	10.0 (50.0)	1.7 (35.1)	−7.9 (17.8)	−15.8 (3.6)	0.90 (33.62)
Precipitation mm (inches)	1.5 (0.059)	2.1 (0.083)	7.1 (0.28)	14.2 (0.559)	34.1 (1.343)	74.0 (2.913)	103.9 (4.091)	79.3 (3.122)	30.5 (1.201)	19.0 (0.748)	4.9 (0.193)	2.8 (0.11)	373.4 (14.701)
% humidity	54	47	43	41	46	62	73	73	63	55	54	55	55.5
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	1.6	2.3	3.4	4.6	7.4	11.0	11.6	9.4	7.2	4.3	2.6	2.4	67.8
Sunshine hours	224.7	225.3	272.7	272.0	293.1	284.2	267.2	272.8	268.1	251.3	216.2	206.0	3,053.6
Source: China Meteorological Administration

Subdivisions

Map
#	Name	Hanzi	Hanyu Pinyin	Population (2004 est.)	Area (km²)	Density (/km²)
1	Horqin District	科尔沁区	Kē'ěrqìn Qū	810,000	3,212	252
2	Holingol City	霍林郭勒市	Huòlínguōlè Shì	70,000	585	120
3	Kailu County	开鲁县	Kāilǔ Xiàn	390,000	4,488	87
4	Hure Banner	库伦旗	Kùlún Qí	180,000	4,650	39
5	Naiman Banner	奈曼旗	Nàimàn Qí	430,000	8,120	53
6	Jarud Banner	扎鲁特旗	Zālǔtè Qí	300,000	17,193	17
7	Horqin Left Middle Banner	科尔沁左翼中旗	Kē'ěrqìn Zuǒyì Zhōng Qí	530,000	9,811	54
8	Horqin Left Back Banner	科尔沁左翼后旗	Kē'ěrqìn Zuǒyì Hòu Qí	400,000	11,476	35

Demographics

Ethnic groups in Tongliao, 2000 census.

Ethnicity	Population	Percentage
Han Chinese	1.548.721	51,14%
Mongol	1.373.470	45,35%
Manchu	88.654	2,93%
Hui Chinese	12.447	0,41%
Korean	2.709	0,09%
Xibe	781	0,03%
Daur	492	0,02%

Education

Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities and Inner Mongolia College of Farming and Animal Husbandry are among the educational institutions of Tongliao.

External links

• Töngliyao Government (in Mongolian)
• Tongliao Government (in Chinese)
• www.tongliao.info (in Chinese)