Toronto Pearson International Airport

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"Toronto Airport", "Pearson Airport", and "YYZ" redirect here. For other airports in Toronto, see List of airports in the Greater Toronto Area. For the airfield in Vancouver, United States, see Pearson Field. For the instrumental piece from the Canadian band Rush, see YYZ (instrumental).
Toronto Pearson International Airport
Toronto Pearson Airport Logo.svg
YYZ Aerial 2.jpg
IATA: YYZ – ICAO: CYYZ
– WMO: 71624
Summary
Airport type Public
Owner Transport Canada
Operator Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA)
Serves Greater Toronto Area
Location Mississauga, Ontario
Hub for
Elevation AMSL 569 ft / 173 m
Coordinates 43°40′36″N 079°37′50″W / 43.67667°N 79.63056°W / 43.67667; -79.63056Coordinates: 43°40′36″N 079°37′50″W / 43.67667°N 79.63056°W / 43.67667; -79.63056
Website www.TorontoPearson.com
Map
CYYZ is located in Ontario
CYYZ
Location within Ontario
Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
05/23 11,120 3,389 Asphalt/Concrete
15L/33R 11,050 3,368 Asphalt
06L/24R 9,697 2,956 Asphalt
06R/24L 9,000 2,743 Asphalt
15R/33L 9,088 2,770 Asphalt
Statistics (2012)
Number of Passengers 34,912,456
Aircraft movements 433,990
Sources: Canada Flight Supplement[1]
Environment Canada[2]
Transport Canada[3]
Movements from Statistics Canada[4]
Passengers and Movements from Airports Council International[5]

Toronto Pearson International Airport (also known as Lester B. Pearson International Airport or simply Pearson Airport) (IATA: YYZ, ICAO: CYYZ) is an international airport serving Toronto, Ontario, Canada, its metropolitan area, and the Golden Horseshoe, an urban agglomeration that is home to 8.7 million people.[6] The airport is located 22.5 km (14.0 mi) northwest of Downtown Toronto, with the bulk of the airport lands located in the adjacent municipality of Mississauga.[7] The airport is named in honour of the late Canadian Prime Minister and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Lester B. Pearson.

Pearson is by far the largest and busiest airport in Canada, and is one of the world's largest air transportation hubs.[4][8] In 2012, it handled 34,912,456 passengers,[5] and 433,990 aircraft movements.[4] It is currently the world's 35th busiest airport by total passenger traffic, 23rd busiest airport by international passenger traffic and 16th busiest airport by aircraft movements. In 2006, the airport was selected as the best global airport by the UK-based Institute of Transport Management.[9]

The airport is the largest hub for Air Canada, making it a major Star Alliance hub airport.[10][11][12][13] It is also a hub for passenger airlines Air Canada Express, Air Transat, CanJet, Sunwing Airlines and WestJet, as well as cargo airline FedEx Express. The airport is operated by the Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) as part of Transport Canada's National Airports System[14] and is one of eight Canadian airports with facilities for United States border preclearance. Toronto Pearson directly generates 106,000 full-time jobs, with an additional 80,000 people employed indirectly in the community.[15]

An extensive network of non-stop domestic flights is operated from Toronto Pearson by several airlines to all major and many secondary cities across all provinces of Canada.[16] There are over 65 airlines operating at Toronto Pearson, connecting the airport to over 155 international destinations worldwide. Pearson is one of only two airports in North America, the other being John F. Kennedy International Airport, with scheduled flights to all six inhabited continents.[17]

Contents

History[edit]

1937–1938[edit]

Malton Airport in 1939. View looking north on Sixth Line, now Airport Road.[18]

In February 1935, the Government of Canada announced its intention to build an airport in Toronto. A site near Malton, Ontario, northwest of Toronto, was chosen as the location for the new airport.[18]

In April 1937, land agents representing the Toronto Harbour Commission approached farmers in Malton who owned Lots 6-10 on Concession 5 and 6 to acquire land for Malton Airport. The agreements were drawn up for a total purchase of 1410.8 acres.[18] The farmers who sold their land under the purchase agreements were:

The F. Chapman Farm House - the first terminal and office at Malton Airport[18][19]
  • Mrs. Thomas Osborne - 100 acres (Conc. 6, Lot 10)
  • Robert H. Peacock - 100 acres (Conc. 6, Lot 9),
  • Frank Chapman - 100 acres (Conc. 6, Lot 8)
  • Rowland Estate - 100 acres (Conc. 6, Lot 7)
  • Frank Chapman - 50 acres (Conc. 6, Lot 6)
  • A. Schrieber - 100 acres (Conc. 5E, Lot 10)
  • W.A. Cripps - 200 acres (Conc. 5W, Lot 10)
  • Wilbur Martin - 100 acres (Conc. 5E, Lot 9)
  • David J. Lammy - 150 acres (Conc. 5W, Lot 9)
  • Mack Brett - 150 acres (Conc.5W, Lot 8,9)
  • John H. Perry - 100 acres (Conc. 5E, Lot 8)
  • Lydia Garbutt - 100 acres (Conc. 5W, Lot 8)
  • John Dempster - 100 acres (Conc. 5E, Lot 7)
  • Horace C. Death - 99 acres (Conc. 5E, Lot 6) [18][19]

The Chapman farm house was the first office and airport terminal[18][19]

1938-1949[edit]

The second terminal, a standard wood frame building, was built in 1938. The airport at the time covered 420 acres (1.7 km2) with full lighting, radio, weather reporting equipment, two hard surface runways and one grass landing strip. The first scheduled passenger flight to Malton Airport was a Trans-Canada Airlines DC-3 that which landed on August 29, 1939.[20]

The second terminal and administration building at Malton Airport C1943. The Toronto Harbour Commission constructed this wood frame terminal in 1939[19] pg 133. This terminal was a twin of the terminal on Toronto Island.

From June 1940 to July 1942, during the Second World War, the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP) operated No. 1 Elementary Service Flying School (EFTS) at Malton Airport.[21]

1949-1964[edit]

A third "TCA" terminal was built to the west side of second wood frame terminal in 1949.[19] It could handle 400,000 passengers a year and had an observation deck on the roof. In front of the old terminal was a set of stair leading to a ramp to allow visitors to access the rooftop observation deck. Further expansion saw the expropriation of land near the town of Elmbank. The runways were 11,050 ft (3,368 m) runway 5/23 (used for test flights of the CF-105 Arrow (Avro Arrow) fighter from the Avro Canada plant); 14/32, a 11,475 ft (3,498 m) runway (replaced by 15L/33R); and 10/28, a 7,425 ft (2,263 m) runway that now is a taxiway.[22]

In November 1958 the City of Toronto sold the airport to the federal Department of Transport; in 1960 it was renamed Toronto International Airport.[23]

Malton "TCA" Airport 1960. This was the third terminal at Malton Airport and was built in 1948-49. It was demolished after "Aeroquay One" came on-stream in 1964. The crowd of people are watching the planes come and go from the observation deck.

The 1939 and 1949 addition (and surrounding structures) were torn down in 1964 with the area developed for Air Canada's hanger with the terminal site now occupied by the Vista Cargo Centres (Cargo Area 5).

U.S. border pre-clearance[edit]

Pre-clearance was invented at Pearson in 1952 as a convenience to allow it to connect as a domestic airport to the many smaller airports in the United States that, at that time, lacked customs and immigration facilities. It was at first a service performed by U.S. Customs agents at the gate. U.S. federal government concerns over smuggling between pre-cleared and non-cleared passengers at Toronto Pearson (who at that time shared mixed terminal space) nearly ended the program in the 1970s until a compromise was reached that called for segregated facilities. Today Pearson handles 8 million passengers through its U.S. customs and immigration pre-clearance facilities per year, which is roughly one quarter of all passenger traffic at the airport.[24]

1964-2004 (original Terminal 1)[edit]

The airport's next terminal was built further south of the original site along Airport Road. The third "TCA" terminal was demolished in the late 1960s and replaced by the Terminal 1 (T1) building. The original T1 (also called Aeroquay One) had a square central structure housing ticketing and baggage facilities topped by a parking garage with about eight levels and ringed by a two-storey passenger concourse leading to the gates. It was designed by John B. Parkin and construction took place between 1957 and 1964. Aeroquay One was officially opened February 28, 1964 by Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson.[19]

A view of Toronto International Airport in 1973, showing the original Terminal 1 or Aeroquay One (now demolished)

Aeroquay One (the original Terminal 1) ceased operation on April 5, 2004.

1972–2007 (Terminal 2)[edit]

Considered state-of-the-art in the 1960s, Terminal 1 became overloaded by the early 1970s. Terminal 2, originally intended as a freight terminal, opened as a passenger airline terminal on June 15, 1972. Initially it served only charter airlines, but it became the hub for Air Canada passenger flights on April 29, 1973.

Terminal 2 had a facility for United States border preclearance and handled both domestic and international transborder traffic. Domestic traffic was moved to the new Terminal 1 when it became operational, leaving Terminal 2 to handle international traffic to the United States for Air Canada and its Star Alliance partner United Airlines.

The airport was renamed to Lester B. Pearson International Airport in 1984, in honour of Lester B. Pearson, the fourteenth Prime Minister of Canada and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. Operationally, the airport is often referred to as Toronto Pearson.

A passenger tunnel with moving walkways at the northwest corner of Terminal 2 connected it with Terminal 1.

Terminal 2 saw its last day in operation as a passenger terminal January 29, 2007, and the following day airlines moved to the newly completed Pier F, or Hammerhead Pier at Terminal 1.

Demolition of Terminal 2 began in April 2007 and concluded November 2008.[25]

1991–present (Terminal 3)[edit]

Terminal 3 opened in 1991, to offset traffic from Terminals 1 and 2.

As part of the National Airports Policy, management responsibilities of the Toronto Pearson were transferred from Transport Canada to the Greater Toronto Airports Authority in 1996. The GTAA commenced a C$4.4 billion Airport Development Program with focus on terminal development, airside development, infield development, utilities and airport support facilities to occur over a 10-year period. Work began to replace Terminals 1 and 2 with a new Terminal 1, which along with a Terminal 3 would become the two passenger terminal facilities at Toronto Pearson.

To accommodate its growing aircraft volume, substantial redevelopment of the airside and infield systems took place. Cargo facilities were added in the centre of the airport between the parallel north–south runways, to increase capabilities and to offset the loss of the cargo facilities that were removed for the new terminal.[26] Two new runways were built to increase the number of aircraft that Toronto Pearson can process. A north–south runway, 15R/33L, was added and completed in 1997. Another east–west runway, 06R/24L, was completed in 2002.[27]

After the September 11 attacks, Toronto Pearson was part of Operation Yellow Ribbon, as it received 19 of the diverted flights that were coming into the United States, although Transport Canada and Nav Canada instructed pilots to avoid the airport as a security measure.

2004–present (new Terminal 1)[edit]

The new Terminal 1 opened its piers D and E April 6, 2004.

Terminals[edit]

Terminal 1 seen from the ramp

Toronto Pearson International Airport currently has two operating terminals, Terminals 1 and 3. T1 opened April 6, 2004. The old Terminal 1, which closed simultaneously with the opening, was demolished to make room for additional gates at Pier E. Pier F at Terminal 1, which has an enlarged end called "Hammerhead F", opened January 30, 2007, to replace Terminal 2. This pier accommodates international traffic and adds 7 million passengers per year to the airport's total capacity. Redevelopment of the airport was a logistical challenge as the existing terminals remained operational throughout construction and demolition.

As of August 2010, free high speed Wi-Fi internet access is available throughout all passenger terminals at Toronto Pearson.[28]

Terminal 1[edit]

Terminal 1 Check-in Hall

Terminal 1 is designed to handle domestic, international and transborder flights in one facility. The terminal features three piers: Piers D and E with 38 gates and Pier F with 23 gates. Pier F serves transborder and international flights, replacing Terminal 2 and the Infield Terminal (IFT). A Pier G is slated to be built in the future if demand warrants.[29]

The terminal was designed by joint venture Airports Architects Canada (Skidmore, Owings and Merrill LLP, Adamson Associates Architects, and Moshe Safdie and Associates).[30]

Air Canada and all other Star Alliance airlines serving Toronto operate out of Terminal 1; however, the terminal is also used by airlines that are not members of Star Alliance. Terminal 1 contains 58 gates: 101, 103, 105, 107–112, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 131–145, 151, 153, 155, 157, 160–163, 164A–164B, 165, 166A–166B, 167–181, 191 and 193. Two gates are able to handle the Airbus A380 aircraft. Currently, Emirates is the only operator of this type of airplane at Toronto Pearson.

Measuring over 567,000 square metres (6,000,000 sq ft), Terminal 1 is the 11th largest airport terminal in the world in terms of floor area.

Along with the standard border facilities, the terminal also contains a few customs "B" checkpoints along the international arrivals walkway. Passengers connecting from an international or trans-border arrival to another international (non-U.S.) departure in Terminal 1 go to one of these checkpoints for passport control and immigration checks and are then directed to Pier F. This alleviates the need to re-check bags, pass through security screening and relieves congestion in the primary customs hall.[31]

The infield terminal was built to handle traffic displaced during the Terminal 1 development. The IFT has 11 gates (521 to 531). It is planned to be reactivated once passenger demand exceeds the capacity of Terminal 1. It has also been used as a location to film motion pictures and television.

Terminal 1 is also home to the ThyssenKrupp Express Walkway, the world's fastest moving walkway.[32]

Terminal 3[edit]

The Grand Hall of Terminal 3

Terminal 3, which opened February 21, 1991, was built to offset traffic from the old Terminals 1 and 2. Terminal 3 was initially advertised as "Trillium Terminal 3" and the "Trillium Terminal". It was built as a private venture and was a state of the art terminal containing, among other things, a U.S. customs pre-clearance facility. A parking garage and hotel is located across from the terminal and is connected by an elevated pedestrian walkway. At the time of opening, the hotel was managed by Swissôtel, it was rebranded a Sheraton property in October 1993.[33] In 1997, the GTAA purchased Terminal 3 and shortly thereafter implemented a C$350 million expansion.[34]

A team of coordinators, known as T3RD oversaw the redevelopment and expansion of Terminal 3.[35] In 2004, the Pier C Expansion opened followed by the East Processor Extension (EPE) in June 2006 that adding 40 new check-in counters, new retail space, additional secure 'hold-screening' for baggage and a huge picture window that offers one of the most convenient apron viewing locations at the airport. This phase of the expansion also included improved Canadian Border services and a more open arrivals hall. Phase II of the EPE was completed in 2007 and includes larger security screening areas and additional international baggage claim areas. The West Processor Expansion Shell was completed in early 2008.

All SkyTeam and Oneworld airlines serving Pearson operate from Terminal 3, along with WestJet, Air Transat and most other airlines not affiliated with an airline alliance. Terminal 3 has 39 gates: A1–A6, B7–B22 and C24–C41.

Infrastructure and services[edit]

LINK Train[edit]

LINK Train
Terminal 1
Terminal 3
Viscount Station (GTAA Low Cost Parking)
Main article: LINK Train

In July 2006, the automated LINK Train people mover opened, with two 6-car trains running between Terminals 1 and 3 and the Sheraton Gateway Hotel, where a reduced rate and airport staff parking lot exists between Airport Road and Viscount Road.[36] A new parking garage, constructed at 6B parking lot, opposite the 6A Station and linked via a bridge across Viscount Road, opened in December 2009 with a capacity of 8,500 vehicles. This is a mixed-use building that accommodates long term parking, employee parking and rental car operations.

Tenants[edit]

  • Peel Regional Police is the primary law enforcement service at the airport. Airport Division is located on 2951 Convair Drive, on the south perimeter of the airport near the Facilities Building adjacent to Highway 401.
  • The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) maintain a Toronto Airport Detachment to provide federal police services and is located at 255 Attwell Drive east of the airport in Etobicoke. The RCMP formerly provided policing at the airport. In December 2009, the Peel force asked the RCMP to assist in policing the airport due to the failed bombing incident at the Detroit airport. The Canada Border Services Agency as well as the Canadian Security Intelligence Service maintain extensive operations at the airport.
  • The Greater Toronto Airports Authority administration offices are located on Convair Drive near the southeast corner of the airport. They were re-located when the original office was demolished to make way for the new Terminal 1 parking facilities.
  • Skyservice Business Aviation
  • Cara Operations – onboard food catering
  • Federal Express - located in the northwest end of the airport

There are two supplies of aviation fuel at the airport:

  • Esso Avitat – aviation fuel (Jet A-1)
  • Shell Aerocentre – aviation fuel (Jet A-1)

Lounges[edit]

The platform of the LINK Train's Terminal 3 station

There are several airport lounges at Pearson Airport. Star Alliance, Skyteam, and Oneworld airlines all maintain lounges within the airport, and there are also several "Pay-In" lounges open for use by all passengers, regardless of airline, frequent flyer status or class of travel.

Terminal 1
  • Air Canada Maple Leaf Lounge (Star Alliance)[38]
    • Domestic (Take elevator to the left at security, next to Tim Hortons)
    • International (Level 3, before the escalators down to gates)
    • International – USA Transborder (Level 4, take elevators to the right at security)
  • Plaza Premium Lounge ("Pay-In" Lounge)[39]
    • Domestic (After main security on level 3, on the right)
    • International (Next to Gate E77, take the elevator to Level 3)
    • International - USA Transborder (Near Gate F91)
Terminal 3

Airfield Maintenance[edit]

The airport's 115 member airfield maintenance unit is responsible for general maintenance and repairs at the airport.

From mid November to mid April, the unit is in winter mode armed with a $38 million snow removal budget.[43]

The airport employs 11 Vammas PSB series [43] and 4 Oshkosh HT-Series [44] snow plow units.

Airlines and destinations[edit]

Scheduled airlines and destinations[edit]

Airlines Destinations Terminal
Aeroflot Moscow-Sheremetyevo[45] 3
Air Canada Antigua, Aruba, Barbados, Beijing-Capital, Bermuda, Bogotá, Boston, Brussels, Buenos Aires-Ezeiza, Calgary, Cancún, Caracas, Cayo Coco/Cayo Guillermo (ends 5 July 2013), Chicago-O'Hare, Copenhagen, Cozumel, Deer Lake, Denver, Edmonton, Fort Lauderdale, Fort McMurray, Fort Myers, Frankfurt, Geneva, George Town/Exuma, Grand Cayman, Halifax, Havana, Holguin (ends 6 July 2013), Hong Kong, Istanbul-Atatürk,[46] Ixtapa/Zihuatanejo, Kelowna, Kingston (Jamaica) (ends 30 June 2013), Las Vegas, Liberia (Costa Rica) (ends June 30, 2013), Lima, London-Heathrow, Los Angeles, Mexico City, Miami, Montego Bay, Montréal-Trudeau, Munich, Nassau, New York-LaGuardia, Newark, Orlando, Ottawa, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Providenciales, Puerto Plata (ends 2 July 2013), Puerto Vallarta, Punta Cana (ends 3 July 2013), Regina, St. John's (NL), St. Lucia, Samaná (ends 6 July 2013), San Diego, San Francisco, San José de Costa Rica (ends 1 July 2013), Santa Clara (ends 5 July 2013), Santiago de Chile, São Paulo-Guarulhos, Saskatoon, Seattle/Tacoma, Seoul-Incheon,[46] Shanghai-Pudong, Sydney (Australia), Tampa, Tel Aviv-Ben Gurion, Tokyo-Narita, Vancouver, Varadero (ends 3 July 2013), Victoria, Washington-National, Winnipeg, Zürich
Seasonal: Athens [ends 2 July 2013], Barcelona, Curaçao, Dublin (ends 30 September 2013),[47] Gander, Grenada, Huatulco, La Romana, Madrid, Portland (OR), Rome-Fiumicino, St. Kitts, St. Maarten, St. Thomas, San José del Cabo, San Juan, Sarasota, West Palm Beach		 1
Albany, Detroit, Grand Rapids, Harrisburg, Hartford, Kingston (ON), Rochester (NY), Sarnia, Syracuse 1
Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Charlotte, Charlottetown, Chicago-O'Hare, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus (OH), Dallas/Fort Worth, Detroit, Fredericton, Hartford, Houston-Intercontinental, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Kingston (ON), London (ON), Milwaukee, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Moncton, Montréal-Trudeau, Nashville, Newark, New Orleans, New York-JFK, North Bay, Ottawa, Pittsburgh, Québec City, Raleigh/Durham, Regina, Saint John (NB), St. Louis, Saskatoon, Sault Ste. Marie (ON), Sudbury, Sydney (NS), Thunder Bay, Timmins, Windsor, Winnipeg 1
Boston, Newark, Philadelphia, Regina, Saskatoon, Winnipeg 1
Air Canada Rouge Athens (begins 3 July 2013), Cayo Coco/Cayo Guillermo (begins 6 July 2013), Dublin (begins 1 May 2014),[47] Edinburgh (begins 2 July 2013), Holguin (begins 7 July 2013), Kingston (Jamaica) (begins 1 July 2013), Liberia (Costa Rica) (begins 1 July 2013), Puerto Plata (begins 3 July 2013), Punta Cana (begins 4 July 2013), Samaná (begins 7 July 2013), San José de Costa Rica (begins 2 July 2013), Santa Clara (begins 6 July 2013), Varadero (begins 4 July 2013), Venice-Marco Polo (begins 3 July 2013) 1
Air France Paris-Charles de Gaulle 3
Air Transat Cancún, Faro, Glasgow-International, Lisbon, London-Gatwick, Manchester (UK), Montego Bay, Montréal-Trudeau, Orlando, Porto, Punta Cana, Quebec City, Varadero
Seasonal: Amsterdam, Antigua, Athens, Barcelona, Birmingham (UK), Brussels, Camaguey, Cayo Coco/Cayo Guillermo, Dublin, Fort Lauderdale, Istanbul-Atatürk, Lamezia Terme, Lyon, Madrid, Marseille, Nantes, Panama City, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Puerto Plata, Puerto Vallarta, Rome-Fiumicino, Santa Clara, St. Lucia, Samaná, San José de Costa Rica, San Salvador, Shannon, Venice-Marco Polo		 3
Alitalia Rome-Fiumicino 3
American Airlines Dallas/Fort Worth, Los Angeles, Miami 3
American Eagle operated by American Eagle Airlines Chicago-O'Hare, New York-JFK, New York-LaGuardia 3
American Eagle operated by Republic Airlines Chicago-O'Hare (begins 27 August 2013) 3
Austrian Airlines
operated by Tyrolean Airways		 Vienna 1
Avianca San José de Costa Rica, San Salvador 1
British Airways London-Heathrow 3
Caribbean Airlines Georgetown-Cheddi Jagan, Grenada, Kingston (Jamaica), Port of Spain 3
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong 3
Condor Flugdienst Seasonal: Frankfurt 3
Copa Airlines Panama City 1
Cubana de Aviación Camaguey, Cienfuegos, Havana, Holguin, Varadero, Santa Clara 3
Delta Air Lines Atlanta 3
Atlanta 3
Boston, Cincinnati, Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York-JFK 3
EgyptAir Cairo[48] 1
El Al Tel Aviv-Ben Gurion 3
Emirates Dubai 1
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa 1
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi 1
EVA Air Taipei-Taoyuan 3
Finnair Seasonal: Helsinki 3
Hainan Airlines Beijing-Capital 3
Icelandair Reykjavík-Keflavík 3
Jet Airways Brussels, Delhi 1
KLM Amsterdam 3
Korean Air Seoul-Incheon 3
LOT Polish Airlines Warsaw-Chopin 1
Lufthansa Düsseldorf, Frankfurt 1
Pakistan International Airlines Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore 3
Philippine Airlines Manila 3
SATA International Lisbon, Ponta Delgada, Porto
Seasonal: Terceira		 3
Sunwing Airlines Cancún, Cayo Coco/Cayo Guillermo, Grenada, Halifax, Holguin, Las Vegas, Mazatlan, Montego Bay, Orlando, Panama City, Port of Spain, Puerto Plata, Puerto Vallarta, Punta Cana, San José del Cabo, Santa Clara, St. Petersburg/Clearwater, Varadero
Seasonal: Aruba, Belize City, Cozumel, Camaguey, Cienfuegos, Fort Lauderdale, Gander, Huatulco, Kingston (Jamaica), La Romana, Liberia, Manzanillo, Nassau, Porto, Roatán, San Juan, St. Maarten, San José de Costa Rica, Santiago de Cuba, Stephenville, Vancouver		 1
Transaero Airlines Moscow-Domodedovo (ends 26 October 2013),[49] Moscow-Vnukovo (begins 2 November 2013)[49] 3
Turkish Airlines Istanbul-Atatürk 1
United Airlines Chicago-O'Hare 1
Cleveland 1
Chicago-O'Hare, Cleveland, Houston-Intercontinental, Newark, Washington-Dulles 1
Chicago-O'Hare, Denver, Washington-Dulles 1
Chicago-O'Hare, Denver, Newark, Washington-Dulles 1
Denver, Houston-Intercontinental, Washington-Dulles 1
Charlotte, Philadelphia, Washington-National 1
Charlotte, Philadelphia 1
WestJet Antigua, Aruba, Barbados, Bermuda, Calgary, Cancún, Cayo Coco/Cayo Guillermo, Charlottetown, Edmonton, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Grand Cayman, Halifax, Kelowna, Las Vegas, Liberia (Costa Rica), Miami, Moncton, Montego Bay, Montréal-Trudeau, Nassau, New York-LaGuardia, Orlando, Ottawa, Port of Spain, Providenciales, Puerto Plata, Puerto Vallarta, Punta Cana, Québec City, Regina, San Juan, Santa Clara, St. John's (NL), St. Lucia, St. Maarten, Samaná, Saskatoon, Tampa, Thunder Bay, Vancouver, Varadero, Winnipeg
Seasonal: Cozumel, Curaçao, Deer Lake, Freeport, Fort McMurray, Holguin, La Romana, Myrtle Beach, Palm Springs, Sydney (NS), Victoria		 3

Charter airlines and destinations[edit]

Airlines Destinations Terminal
Arkefly Seasonal: Amsterdam 1
CanJet Cancún, Cayo Coco/Cayo Guillermo, Cayo Largo del Sur, Fort Lauderdale, Montego Bay, Montréal-Trudeau, Orlando, Puerto Plata, Puerto Vallarta, Punta Cana, St. Lucia, St. Maarten, St. Petersburg/Clearwater, Santiago de Cuba, Varadero
Seasonal: Antigua, Aruba, Barbados, Cartagena, Medellín, Grenada, Ixtapa/Zihuatanejo, La Romana, Liberia, Manzanillo, Mexico City, Porlamar, Port Of Spain, Roatán, Samaná, San Salvador		 3
Enerjet Seasonal: Cancún, Montego Bay, Puerto Plata, Puerto Vallarta, Punta Cana, Varadero 3
Miami Air International Orlando 3
Sky King Atlantic City 3

Cargo airlines and destinations[edit]

Inuksuk sculptures stand in front of the departures entrance at Terminal 1.
Airline Destination Cargo Centre
Cargolux Luxembourg-Findel VISTA
Cathay Pacific Cargo Anchorage, Hong Kong, New York-JFK VISTA
Cubana Cargo Havana VISTA
Lufthansa Cargo Frankfurt VISTA
Korean Air Cargo Seoul-Incheon, Anchorage IN-FIELD
Qatar Airways Cargo Luxembourg-Findel, Doha VISTA
UPS Airlines Louisville VISTA
FedEx Express Memphis, Indianapolis, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Montreal, Vancouver, Edmonton, Calgary FedEx

Air traffic control role[edit]

Pearson is home to Toronto Area Control Centre, one of 7 Air Control Centres in Canada, operated by Nav Canada.

Pearson is one of two airports in Canada with a Traffic Management Unit (TMU) to help control planes on the taxiways and apron areas.[50] The TMU is located in the tower at Terminal 1. The airport's main control tower is located within the infield operations area.

Cargo operations[edit]

Pearson operates two primary cargo facilities. The Cargo West Facilities are located between runways 15L/33R and 15R/33L, and the Cargo Area 5 or VISTA Cargo Centres Incorporated are located north of Terminal 3. A third facility dedicted to FedEx operations occupies facilities at north side of airport near runway 05/23.[51]

Tenants using the Cargo West Facilities
Air Canada Cargo American Airlines Canada Border Services Agency
CAS Canada Inc. Korean Cargo WestJet Air Supply
Worldwide Flight Services Inc.
Tenants using the Cargo Area 5/VISTA Cargo Centre
Air Canada ACE Freight AeroLogic Air France Cargo Airline Cargo Sales Air-Ship International Air Time Express Alitalia All Trade Shipping American Aviation Parts & Service Airport Terminal Services
Austrian Airlines Canada Border Services Agency Canada Post Cargo Sales Resources Cargo Zone CAS Cargo and Travel Cathay Pacific Delta Air Lines DHL Express
El Al EVA Air Excel Cargo Exp-Air Cargo Freight Systems Incorporated Air India Handlex Incorporated International Cargo International Fastline Forwarding Japan Airlines KLM Cargo
LAN Chile LOT Polish Airlines Lufthansa Cargo Mayfield Cargo Finnair Onward Transportation Orbit Brokers SATA Cargo Pine Tree Express Platinum Air Cargo
Prestige International Secure Maple Freight Swiss International Airlines Swissport Turkish Airlines Cargo TBI U Freight International UPS Airlines VCC Cargo Services
Tenants using the cargo area north of the aviation facilities
Shell Aerocentre Hangars and Flight Lounge All Cargo Airlines Ltd

Access[edit]

Motor vehicle[edit]

The airport is accessible from Highway 427 (just north of the Highway 401 spaghetti interchange) or from Highway 409, a spur off Highway 401 leading directly into the airport. Airport Road to the north and Dixon Road to the east both provide local access to the airport.[52]

Restricted road access from Courtney Park Drive and Britannia Road to the west of the airport are for authorized vehicles only. Various roads to the cargo area to the north are also restricted. Other roads that travel along the airport grounds and runways are blocked off by fencing and gates. When you pick up (or drop off) guests at Toronto Pearson, you’re permitted to stop momentarily outside the Arrivals and Departure areas at both terminals.

Public transit[edit]

Bus services connecting Toronto and the surrounding region to Pearson Airport include the Toronto Transit Commission (public transit), GO Transit (public regional transit), MiWay (public transit), Brampton Transit (public transit), Toronto Airport Express Coach (private airport coach service), and Can-ar Coach Service (private airport coach service):[53]

Route Destination Service Times Terminals Served Schedule
Toronto Transit Commission (TTC)
192 Airport Rocket Express service to Kipling Station on the

     Bloor–Danforth Subway Line

 All-day 1 and 3 [54]
58A/58D Malton Local service serving Dixon Road and Lawrence Avenue to Lawrence West Station on the

     Yonge–University–Spadina Subway Line

 All-day 1 and 3 [55]
300A Bloor-Danforth Runs express from the airport to Burnhamthorpe Road at Highway 427, then serves Bloor Street and Danforth Avenue to Warden Avenue Overnight only

(approximately 2:00 a.m.–6:00 a.m. daily)

 1 and 3 [56]
307 Eglinton West Local service along Eglinton Avenue to Yonge Street Overnight only

(approximately 2:00 a.m.–6:00 a.m. daily)

 1 and 3 [57]
GO Transit
34 Brampton Local Eastbound: Semi-express service to York Mills and Yorkdale TTC subway stations on the

     Yonge–University–Spadina Subway Line

Westbound: Local service to Brampton and Bramalea bus terminals

 All-day 1 only [58]
40 Pearson Airport Express service to Richmond Hill Centre bus terminal. All-day 1 only [59]
MiWay
7 Airport Local service to:

Southbound: Square One. Northbound: Westwood Mall.

 All-day 1 only [60]
107 Malton Express Express service to:

Southbound: Square One. Northbound: Westwood Mall and Humber College North Campus.

Access from the airport's offsite parking is made via Viscount LINK Station.

This route will become one of the branches of Mississauga's BRT system.

 Weekdays

(approximately 5:00 a.m.–8:00 p.m.)

 Viscount LINK Station [60]
24 Northwest Local service to:

Southbound: Skymark Hub. Northbound: Westwood Mall.

 Rush hour Viscount LINK Station [60]
57 Courtneypark Local service from the airport's Infield Cargo area to:

Northbound: Meadowvale Town Centre

Southbound: Islington Station on the      Bloor–Danforth Subway Line

 Rush hour None [60]
59 Infield Local service from Westwood Mall to the airport's Infield Cargo area One trip daily None [60]
Brampton Transit
115 Airport Express Semi-express service to Bramalea bus terminal All-day 1 only [61]
Toronto Airport Express Coach
Pacific Western Transportation operates airport shuttle coach buses between downtown locations and Pearson Airport under the Toronto Airport Express brand. All-day 1 and 3 [62]
Can-ar Coach Service
Operates a once-a-day coach service to Port Elgin, Ontario, serving communities in Dufferin, Grey, and Bruce counties. [1]

Taxis, limousines, and shuttle vehicles[edit]

Toronto Pearson International Airport has pick-up locations for taxis, limousines, out-of-town bus and/or shuttle services, offering transportation to downtown Toronto, cities throughout Ontario, and into Detroit. Taxis are licensed by the City of Mississauga, separately from the City of Toronto. Taxis licensed in Toronto can deliver to Pearson, but only airport-licensed taxis and limos can pickup at Pearson legally. Rides can also be pre-arranged through GTA Airport Taxi or GTA Airport Limo at the Airport, providing prompt pick-up outside the terminal.[63] Pearson Airport Limousine companies use GTAA authorized out of town flat rates for pickups from Pearson Airport.[64]

Toronto Pearson International Airport supports many out-of-town small bus, van and shuttle operators, offering transportation from the airport to cities, towns, and villages throughout Southern Ontario. Some operators offer connections to other airports in Ontario (John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport in Hamilton and London International Airport in London) or in the United States (Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport in Detroit, Michigan and Buffalo Niagara International Airport in Buffalo, New York).[65]

Future transit connections[edit]

Further information: Union Pearson Express, Eglinton Crosstown line, and Mississauga Transitway
Toronto Pearson Terminal 1
Union Pearson Express Station
Station statistics
Coordinates 43°40′59″N 79°36′49″W / 43.68306°N 79.61361°W / 43.68306; -79.61361
Connections LINK Train
Other information
Accessible Handicapped/disabled access
Operator Metrolinx
Station status Design to be completed by December 2012
Services
Preceding station   Union Pearson Express   Following station
Terminus Union Pearson Express
(opening 2015)

The airport is not currently served by trains, even though it is near an existing railway line. As of June 2013, the closest rail station to Pearson is Malton GO Station at Derry Road east of Airport Road. Bus 7, 58 and 115 connect the station to the airport in 10 min.

In July 2010, Metrolinx, Toronto's regional transport agency, announced it would design, build, own, and operate a mainline rail-style airport rail link from Union Station. Construction has begun and is expected to be completed in time for the 2015 Pan American Games.[66] The service is expected to eliminate 1.5 million car trips annually. The project, whose cost is estimated at $300–500 million, remains controversial due to opposition from neighbourhoods along the route.

The originally proposed Eglinton Crosstown LRT was projected to connect Pearson to Scarborough by 2018 as part of the Transit City plan[67] However, when the four Transit City lines were found to be $2.4 billion over their funding envelope in January 2010, parts of the network were deferred, including the western section of the Eglinton Crosstown LRT.[68]

One of the routes in GO Transit's proposed Highway 407 BRT system would reach the airport. As a precursor, GO as of June 2013 operates the 40 Airport Express route between Richmond Hill Centre and Pearson Airport. This route formerly served Mississauga City Centre, but was shortened due to MiWay's launch of its own Airport Express route. The second BRT route would utilize the Highway 403 Transitway, which is currently under construction. Mississauga Transit's 107 Malton Express is in service since March 2010, connecting Mississauga City Centre, Malton, and Pearson Airport via the LINK Train's Viscount Station during peak hours only. After the completion of the transitway in late 2012, travel times between these destinations would be cut down to 19 minutes (compared to 7 Airport's 41 minutes and to the current 107's 29 minutes). Also, an all-day, all-week connection between the two destinations would be established. However, it is not known whether the route would enter the airport proper when Route 107 becomes a fully established BRT route and when full BRT service commences.[69]

Management[edit]

Accidents and incidents[edit]

  • On October 3, 1959, Vickers Viscount CF-TGY of Trans-Canada Air Lines was written off when it landed short of the runway[70]
  • On June 13, 1964, Vickers Viscount CF-THT of Air Canada was damaged beyond economical repair when it crash-landed after the failure of two engines on approach.[71]
  • The airport's deadliest accident occurred on July 5, 1970, when Air Canada Flight 621, a DC-8 jet, flew on a Montreal–Toronto–Los Angeles route. The pilots inadvertently deployed spoilers before the plane attempted landing, forcing the pilots to abort landing and takeoff. Damage to the aircraft caused during the failed landing attempt caused the plane to break up in the air during the go-around, killing all 100 passengers and nine crew on board when it crashed in a field southeast of Brampton. Controversy remains over the cleanup effort following the crash, as both plane wreckage debris and human remains from the crash are still found on the site.[72]
  • On August 30, 1970, Douglas C-47 CF-JRY of D G Harris Productions was damaged beyond economic repair in a storm.[73]
  • On June 26, 1978, Air Canada Flight 189 to Winnipeg overran the runway during an aborted takeoff, and crashed into the Etobicoke Creek ravine. Two of 107 passengers on board the DC-9 were killed.
  • 1983: Air Canada Flight 797, on a Dallas–Toronto–Montreal route, had an in-flight fire and landed in Cincinnati; half of the occupants died, including famed Canadian folksinger, Stan Rogers.
  • On June 22, 1983, Douglas C-47A C-GUBT of Skycraft Air Transport crashed on take-off roll at Toronto International Airport while on an international cargo flight from Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, Ohio. Both crew were killed.[74]
  • 1985: A bomb was loaded onto Air India Flight 181, which departed from Toronto Pearson International Airport and arrived at Montréal-Mirabel International Airport and then departed as Air India Flight 182, using the same aircraft and carrying passengers who were on Flight 181, was scheduled to fly on the Montreal–London–Delhi–Bombay route. The Boeing 747-200B exploded over the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Cork, Ireland killing all 307 passengers and 22 crew.
  • 2001: Air Transat Flight 236, flying from Toronto Pearson to Lisbon Portela Airport in Lisbon, Portugal with 306 people on board, ran out of fuel over the Atlantic Ocean. The aircraft was forced to make an emergency landing at Lajes Field in the Azores. There were no fatalities and only minor injuries.
  • On August 2, 2005, Air France Flight 358, an Airbus A340-300 (registration F-GLZQ) inbound from Paris, landed on runway 24L in a severe thunderstorm, failed to stop and ran off the runway into the Etobicoke Creek ravine. The rear third of the plane burst into flames, eventually engulfing the whole plane except the cockpit and wings. There were 12 serious injuries but no fatalities. The investigation predominantly blamed pilot error when faced with the severe weather conditions.
  • 2010: Pakistan International Airlines Flight 782, en route from Toronto Pearson International Airport to Jinnah International Airport in Karachi, Pakistan made an emergency landing at Arlanda Airport in Stockholm, Sweden on September 25 due to a hoax bomb threat on board. After evacuating all 273 passengers from the Boeing 777-200LR aircraft, a thorough police search was conducted to find any explosives on the aircraft. No explosives were found during the investigation and the plane arrived at Karachi 13 hours late.[75]
  • On December 7, 2010, an Emirates Airbus A380 was damaged when a catering truck collapsed on the right wing, damaging it. The aircraft was taken out of service to be repaired.[76]

See also[edit]

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References[edit]

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