Traditional Chinese star names
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Traditional Chinese star names are the names of stars used in ancient Chinese literature, history, religion, mythology, folklore, Chinese opera and such methods of divination as astrology, horoscope (火羅) and Feng shui. Chinese star names sometimes consist of a Chinese constellation name followed by a positional sequence number, which may change from dynasty to dynasty; well-known bright stars are however often named consistently. The total number of stars in a constellation may also vary throughout Chinese history and not necessarily increase. For completeness, maximum possible number of stars are listed but some with question marks if referenced only once.
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[edit] History
Chinese astronomy was advanced in classical times and knew of five times more stars than were described by Ptolemy. In 1875, Gustav Schlegel made a complete survey of the star names which appeared in such ancient works. His Uranographie Chinoise correlated 760 star names with those used in western astronomy.[1]
[edit] Star names and their current constellations
The below list are known stars and their western star names. The name in parentheses indicates a collective name. If the same name was used multiple times for unrelated objects, a red question mark ? is appended to the name until the ambiguity can be resolved.
The stars are sorted based on their position in the asterisms
[edit] Pictor
- 六甲六 κ Pictoris?
[edit] Scorpius
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[edit] Sculptor
- 古北极纽星?? γ Sculptoris
- 策?? σ Sculptoris
- 火鳥一 (鳳凰) β Sculptoris [15]
[edit] Scutum
[edit] Serpens
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[edit] Sextans
[edit] Taurus
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[edit] Telescopium
| Chinese name[table 1] | Romanization[table 2] | Translation | Western name | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鱉一 | (P) biēyī | Soft-shelled Turtle One | α Telescopii | [48][49] |
[edit] Triangulum
| Chinese name[table 1] | Romanization[table 2] | Translation | Western name | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 婁宿增六 | (P) lóusùzēngliù | α Trianguli | ||
| 天溷西南星 | (P) tiānhùnxīnánxīng | α Trianguli | ||
| 天大将军南大星 | (P) tiāndàjiāngjūnnándàxīng | β Trianguli | ||
| 鈇鑕中北星 | (P) fūzhìzhōngběixīng | β Trianguli | ||
| (T) 天大將軍九 (S) 天大将军九 | (P) tiāndàjiāngjūnjiǔ | β Trianguli | ||
| (T) 天大將軍十 (S) 天大将军十 | (P) tiāndàjiāngjūnshí | γ Trianguli | ||
| (T) 天大將軍十一 (S) 天大将军十一 | (P) tiāndàjiāngjūnshíyī | δ Trianguli |
[edit] Triangulum Australe
| Chinese name[table 1] | Romanization[table 2] | Translation | Western name | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 三角形一 | (P) sānjiǎoxíngyī | Triangle One | γ Trianguli Australis | |
| 三角形二 | (P) sānjiǎoxíngèr | Triangle Two | β Trianguli Australis | |
| 三角形三?, 少辅? | (P) sānjiǎoxíngsān?, shǎofǔ? | Triangle Three | α Trianguli Australis |
[edit] Tucana
| Chinese name[table 1] | Romanization[table 2] | Translation of name | Western name | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (T) 鳥喙一 (S) 鸟喙一 | (P) niǎohuìyī | Birdbeak One | α Tucanae | |
| (T) 鳥喙二 (S) 鸟喙二 | (P) niǎohuìèr | Birdbeak Two | δ Tucanae | |
| (T) 鳥喙三 (S) 鸟喙三 | (P) niǎohuìsān | Birdbeak Three | HD 224361 | |
| (T) 鳥喙四(S) 鸟喙四 | (P) niǎohuìsì | Birdbeak Four | β Tucanae | |
| (T) 鳥喙五 (S) 鸟喙五 | (P) niǎohuìwǔ | Birdbeak Five | ρ Tucanae | |
| (T) 鳥喙六 (S) 鸟喙六 | (P) niǎohuìliù | Birdbeak Six | ζ Tucanae | |
| (T) 鳥喙七 (S) 鸟喙七 | (P) niǎohuìqī | Birdbeak Seven | ε Tucanae | |
| 鶴五 | (P) hèwǔ | Crane Five | γ Tucanae |
[edit] Ursa Major
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[edit] Ursa Minor
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[edit] Vela
[edit] Virgo
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[edit] Volans
| Chinese name[table 1] | Romanization[table 2] | Translation | Western name | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 飛魚一 | (P) fēiyúyī | Flying Fish One | α Volantis | [88] |
| 飛魚二 | (P) fēiyúèr | Flying Fish Two | γ² Volantis | |
| 飛魚三 | (P) fēiyúsān | Flying Fish Three | β Volantis | |
| 飛魚四 | (P) fēiyúsì | Flying Fish Four | κ¹ Volantis | |
| 飛魚五 | (P) fēiyúwǔ | Flying Fish Five | δ Volantis | |
| 飛魚六 | (P) fēiyúliù | Flying Fish Six | ζ Volantis |
[edit] Vulpecula
| Chinese name[table 1] | Romanization[table 2] | Translation | Western name | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 齊增五 | (P) qízēngwǔ | α Vulpeculae |
[edit] Explanations to tables
[edit] Other celestial objects and terms
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[edit] Solar system
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[edit] Moon
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[edit] Modern discoveries
The following are Chinese names for some astronomical objects discovered in modern times, which although not "traditional" fit into that general framework:
- 天王星 Uranus (三王四星)
- 海王星 Neptune (三王四星)
- 矮行星, 侏儒行星 dwarf planet
- 冥王星 Pluto (三王四星)
- Moons of Mars
- Moons of Jupiter
- 木衛一 Io
- 木衛二 Europa
- 木衛四 Callisto
- 木衛五 Amalthea Jupiter's 5th discovered and the largest inner moon
- 木衛六 Himalia
- 木衛七 Elara
- 木衛八 Pasiphae
- 木衛九 Sinope
- 木衛十 Lysithea
- 木衛十一 Carme
- 木衛十二 Ananke
- 木衛十三 Leda
- 木衛十四 Thebe
- 木衛十五 Adrastea
- 木衛十六 Metis
- Moons of Saturn
- 土衛一 Mimas
- 土衛二 Enceladus
- 土衛三 Tethys
- 土衛四 Dione
- 土衛五 Rhea
- 土衛六 Titan
- 土衛七 Hyperion
- 土衛八 Iapetus
- 土衛九 Phoebe
- 土衛十 Janus
- 土衛十一 Epimetheus
- 土衛十二 Helene
- 土衛十三 Telesto
- 土衛十四 Calypso
- 土衛十五 Atlas
- 土衛十六 Prometheus
- 土衛十七 Pandora
- 土衛十八 Pan
- Moons of Uranus
- 天衛一 Ariel: Uranus' first discovered moon
- 天衛二 Umbriel
- 天衛三 Titania
- 天衛四 Oberon
- 天衛五 Miranda
- 天衛六 Cordelia
- 天衛七 Ophelia
- 天衛八 Bianca
- 天衛九 Cressida
- 天衛十 Desdemona
- 天衛十一 Juliet
- 天衛十二 Portia
- 天衛十三 Rosalind
- 天衛十四 Belinda
- 天衛十五 Puck
- 天衛十六 Caliban
- 天衛十七 Sycorax
- 天衛十八 Prospero
- 天衛十九 Setebos
- 天衛二十 Stephano
- 天衛二十一 Trinculo
- 天衛二十二 Francisco
- 天衛二十三 Margaret
- 天衛二十四 Ferdinand
- 天衛二十五 Perdita
- 天衛二十六 Mab
- 天衛二十七 Cupid
- Moons of Neptune
- 冥衛一 Charon, moon of Pluto
- 小行星, Japanese-小惑星 Asteroid
- 半人马星体 Centaurs
- 谷神星, 穀星 (三王四星) 1 Ceres
- 智神星, 智星 (三王四星) 2 Pallas
- 婚神星, 婚星 (三王四星) 3 Juno
- 灶神星, 灶星 (三王四星) 4 Vesta
- 凯龙星, 凱龍 Chiron
- 喀戎 Charon
- 阿莫尔 1221 Amor
- 阿波罗 1862 Apollo
- 伊卡鲁斯 1566 Icarus
- 希达尔戈 944 Hidalgo
- 爱神星 433 Eros
- 大力神星 522 Herculina
- 赫尔默斯 69230 Hermes
- 中华星 1125 China
- 內魔煞 51 Nemausa
- 齊娜星 Eris
[edit] Categories of Chinese traditional uranography
In ancient China, the heavens was divided into 3 enclosures and 28 lunar mansions distributed among 4 symbols, and later enlarged circumpolar region of the south. Japanese astronomer Shunkai Shibukawa (渋川春海) was added some constellations followed Chinese tradition.
The traditional Chinese star names:
[edit] In the Three enclosures, Sān Yuán (三垣)
- In the Purple Forbidden Enclosure, Zǐ Wēi Yuán (紫微垣)
- In the Supreme Palace Enclosure, Tài Wēi Yuán (太微垣)
- In the Heavenly Market Enclosure, Tiān Shì Yuán (天市垣)
[edit] In the twenty-eight lunar mansions, Èr Shí Bā Xiù (二十八宿)
- In the Azure Dragon of the East, Dōng Fāng Qīng Lóng (東方青龍)
- In the Vermilion Bird of the South, Nán Fāng Zhū Què (南方朱雀)
- In the White Tiger of the West, Xī Fāng Bái Hǔ (西方白虎)
- In the Black Warrior of the North, Běi Fāng Xuán Wǔ (北方玄武)
[edit] In the southern circumpolar region (近南極星区)
[edit] See also
- Chinese astronomy
- Chinese constellations
- Chinese star maps
- Traditional Star Names
- List of traditional star names
- List of stars
- Talk:List of stars by constellation
[edit] References
- ^ Xiaochun Sun, Jacob Kistemaker (1997), The Chinese sky during the Han, p. 8, ISBN 9789004107373, http://books.google.com/?id=87lvBoFi8A0C
- ^ 汉朝太史公司马迁史记“天官”篇:“景星者,德星也,其状无常,常出于有道之国。”;”唐代侍讀兼內府長史張守節:“景星狀如半月,生於晦朔,助月為明,見則人君有德,名聖之慶也。”;宋代中郎外兵曹參軍裴駟:“凡三星合,為景星。”
[edit] External links
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