Trans-activation response element (TAR)
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| Trans-activation response element (TAR) | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of mir-TAR | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | mir-TAR |
| Alt. Symbols | TAR |
| Rfam | RF00250 |
| Other data | |
| RNA type | Gene; miRNA |
| Domain(s) | Viruses |
| GO | 0035068 0035195 |
| SO | 0000233 0001244 |
The HIV trans-activation response (TAR) element is an RNA element which is known to be required for the trans-activation of the viral promoter and for virus replication. The TAR hairpin acts as a binding site for the Tat protein and this interaction stimulates the activity of the long terminal repeat promoter.[1]
Further analysis has shown that TAR is a pre-microRNA that produces mature microRNAs from both strands of the TAR stem-loop.[2] These miRNAs are thought to prevent infected cells from under-going apoptosis by down-regulating the genes ERCC1 and IER3.[3]
[edit] References
- ^ Kulinski, T; Olejniczak M, Huthoff H, Bielecki L, Pachulska-Wieczorek K, Das AT, Berkhout B, Adamiak RW (2003). "The apical loop of the HIV-1 TAR RNA hairpin is stabilized by a cross-loop base pair". J Biol Chem 278 (40): 38892–38901. doi:10.1074/jbc.M301939200. PMID 12882959.
- ^ Ouellet DL, Plante I, Landry P, et al (April 2008). "Identification of functional microRNAs released through asymmetrical processing of HIV-1 TAR element". Nucleic Acids Res. 36 (7): 2353–65. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn076. PMC 2367715. PMID 18299284. http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=18299284.
- ^ Klase Z, Winograd R, Davis J, et al (2009). "HIV-1 TAR miRNA protects against apoptosis by altering cellular gene expression". Retrovirology 6: 18. doi:10.1186/1742-4690-6-18. PMC 2654423. PMID 19220914. http://www.retrovirology.com/content/6//18.
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