Transistor count

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Plot of transistor counts against dates of introduction. The curve shows counts doubling every two years.

The transistor count of a device is the number of transistors in the device. Transistor count is the most common measure of integrated circuit complexity. According to Moore's Law, the transistor count of the integrated circuits doubles every two years. On most modern microprocessors, the majority of transistors are contained in caches.

Contents

[edit] Transistor count

[edit] Microprocessors

Main article: microprocessor chronology
Processor Transistor count Date of introduction Manufacturer Process Area
Intel 4004 2,300 1971 Intel 10 µm 12 mm²
Intel 8008 3,500 1972 Intel 10 µm 14 mm²
MOS Technology 6502 3,510 1975 MOS Technology 21 mm²
Motorola 6800 4,100 1974 Motorola 16 mm²
Intel 8080 4,500 1974 Intel 6 μm 20 mm²
RCA 1802 5,000 1974 RCA 5 μm 27 mm²
Intel 8085 6,500 1976 Intel 3 μm 20 mm²
Zilog Z80 8,500 1976 Zilog 4 μm 18 mm²
Motorola 6809 9,000 1978 Motorola 5 μm 21 mm²
Intel 8086 29,000 1978 Intel 3 μm 33 mm²
Intel 8088 29,000 1979 Intel 3 μm 33 mm²
Intel 80186 55,000 1982 Intel
Motorola 68000 68,000 1979 Motorola 4 μm 44 mm²
Intel 80286 134,000 1982 Intel 1.5 µm 49 mm²
Intel 80386 275,000 1985 Intel 1.5 µm 104 mm²
Intel 80486 1,180,000 1989 Intel 1 µm 160 mm²
Pentium 3,100,000 1993 Intel 0.8 µm 294 mm²
AMD K5 4,300,000 1996 AMD 0.5 µm
Pentium II 7,500,000 1997 Intel 0.35 µm 195 mm²
AMD K6 8,800,000 1997 AMD 0.35 µm
Pentium III 9,500,000 1999 Intel 0.25 µm
AMD K6-III 21,300,000 1999 AMD 0.25 µm
AMD K7 22,000,000 1999 AMD 0.25 µm
Pentium 4 42,000,000 2000 Intel 180 nm
Atom 47,000,000 2008 Intel 45 nm
Barton 54,300,000 2003 AMD 130 nm
AMD K8 105,900,000 2003 AMD 130 nm
Itanium 2 220,000,000 2003 Intel 130 nm
Cell 241,000,000 2006 Sony/IBM/Toshiba 90 nm
Core 2 Duo 291,000,000 2006 Intel 65 nm
AMD K10 463,000,000[1] 2007 AMD 65 nm
AMD K10 758,000,000[1] 2008 AMD 45 nm
Itanium 2 with 9MB cache 592,000,000 2004 Intel 130 nm
Core i7 (Quad) 731,000,000 2008 Intel 45 nm 263 mm²
Six-Core Xeon 7400 1,900,000,000 2008 Intel 45 nm
POWER6 789,000,000 2007 IBM 65 nm 341 mm²
Six-Core Opteron 2400 904,000,000 2009 AMD 45 nm 346 mm²
16-Core SPARC T3 1,000,000,000[2] 2010 Sun/Oracle 40 nm 377 mm²
Six-Core Core i7 (Gulftown) 1,170,000,000 2010 Intel 32 nm 240 mm²
8-core POWER7 1,200,000,000 2010 IBM 45 nm 567 mm²
Quad-core z196[3] 1,400,000,000 2010 IBM 45 nm 512 mm²
Dual-Core Itanium 2 1,700,000,000[4] 2006 Intel 90 nm 596 mm²
Quad-Core Itanium Tukwila 2,000,000,000[5] 2010 Intel 65 nm 699 mm²
Six-Core Core i7 (Sandy Bridge-E) 2,270,000,000 [6] 2011 Intel 32 nm 434 mm²
8-Core Xeon Nehalem-EX 2,300,000,000[7] 2010 Intel 45 nm 684 mm²
10-Core Xeon Westmere-EX 2,600,000,000 2011 Intel 32 nm 512 mm²

[edit] GPUs

Processor Transistor count Date of introduction Manufacturer Process Area
NV3 3,500,000 1997 NVIDIA 350 nm
NV5 15,000,000 1999 NVIDIA 250 nm
NV15 25,000,000 2000 NVIDIA 180 nm
NV40 222,000,000 2004 NVIDIA 130 nm 305 mm²
G80 681,000,000 2006 NVIDIA 90 nm 480 mm²
RV770 956,000,000[8] 2008 AMD 55 nm 260 mm²
GT200 1,400,000,000[9] 2008 NVIDIA 65 nm 576 mm²
RV870 2,154,000,000[10] 2009 AMD 40 nm 334 mm²
Cayman 2,640,000,000 2010 AMD 40 nm 389 mm²
GF100 3,000,000,000[11] 2010 NVIDIA 40 nm 529 mm²
Tahiti 4,310,000,000[12] 2011 AMD 28 nm 365 mm²

[edit] FPGA

FPGA Transistor count Date of introduction Manufacturer Process Area
Virtex ~70,000,000 1997 Xilinx
Virtex-E ~200,000,000 1998 Xilinx
Virtex-II ~350,000,000 2000 Xilinx 130 nm
Virtex-II PRO ~430,000,000 2002 Xilinx
Virtex-4 1,000,000,000 2004 Xilinx 90 nm
Virtex-5 1,100,000,000[13] 2006 Xilinx 65 nm
Stratix IV 2,500,000,000[14] 2008 Altera 40 nm
Stratix V 3,800,000,000[15] 2011 Altera 28 nm n/a mm²
Virtex-7 6,800,000,000[16] 2011 Xilinx 28 nm


[edit] Logic Functions

Transistor count for generic logic functions is based on CMOS implementation.[citation needed]

Function Transistor count
NOT 2
BUF 4
NAND 2-input 4
NOR 2-input 4
AND 2-input 6
OR 2-input 6
NAND 3-input 6
NOR 3-input 6
XOR 2-input 6
XNOR 2-input 8
MUX 2-input with TG 6
MUX 4-input with TG 18
NOT MUX 2-input 8
MUX 4-input 24
Adder full 28
Latch, D gated 8
Flip-flop, edge triggered dynamic D with reset 12

[edit] Parallel systems

Historically, each processing element in earlier parallel systems—like all CPUs of that time—was a serial computer built out of multiple chips. As transistor counts per chip increases, each processing element could be built out of fewer chips, and then later each multi-core processor chip could contain more processing elements.[17]

Goodyear MPP: (1983?) 8 pixel processors per chip, 3,000 to 8,000 transistors per chip.[17]

Brunel University Scape (single-chip array-processing element): (1983) 256 pixel processors per chip, 120,000 to 140,000 transistors per chip.[17]

Cell Broadband Engine: (2006) 9 cores per chip, 234 million transistors per chip.[18]

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b [1]
  2. ^ Sun's 1 billion-transistor, 16-core Niagara 3 processor
  3. ^ IBM to Ship World's Fastest Microprocessor
  4. ^ PRESS KIT - Dual-Core Intel Itanium Processor
  5. ^ "Itanium Tukwila." AFP. February 5, 2008. Retrieved on February 5, 2008.
  6. ^ [2]
  7. ^ "Intel Previews Intel Xeon 'Nehalem-EX' Processor." May 26, 2009. Retrieved on May 28, 2009.
  8. ^ The Radeon HD 4850 & 4870: AMD Wins at $199 and $299
  9. ^ NVIDIA's 1.4 Billion Transistor GPU: GT200 Arrives as the GeForce GTX 280 & 260
  10. ^ Radeon 5870 specifications
  11. ^ [3]
  12. ^ AMD Radeon HD 7970
  13. ^ "Taiwan Company UMC Delivers 65nm FPGAs to Xilinx." SDA-ASIA Thursday, 9 November 2006.
  14. ^ "Altera's new 40nm FPGAs - 2.5 billion transistors!"
  15. ^ [4]" Altera unveils 28-nm Stratix V FPGA family. April 20, 2010. Retrieved on April 20, 2010.
  16. ^ "Xilinx Announces world’s highest capacity FPGA." October 25, 2011. Retrieved on October 25, 2011.
  17. ^ a b c "Image processor handles 256 pixels simultaneously" by Kevin Smith "Electronics" magazine 1983 Aug 11
  18. ^ "Cell chip: Hit or hype?" by Michael Kanellos 2005

[edit] See also

[edit] External links


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