Transposition of the great vessels
| Transposition of the great vessels | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
 X-ray showing characteristic finding in case of Transposition of the great vessels which is called egg on side sign |
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| ICD-10 | Q20.3 |
| ICD-9 | 745.1 |
| OMIM | 608808 |
| DiseasesDB | 13259 |
| MedlinePlus | 001568 |
| eMedicine | ped/2548 |
| MeSH | D014188 |
Transposition of the great vessels (TGV) is a group of congenital heart defects (CHDs) involving an abnormal spatial arrangement of any of the great vessels: superior and/or inferior venae cavae (SVC, IVC), pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, and aorta. CHDs involving only the primary arteries (pulmonary artery and aorta) belong to a sub-group called transposition of the great arteries (TGA).
Contents |
History[edit]
TGV was first described in 1797 by Matthew Baillie.[1]
Etiologies[edit]
Preexisting diabetes mellitus of an expectant mother is a risk factor that has been described for the fetus having TGV.[2] Additionally, the children of diabetic mothers are more likely to have aortic coarctation.[citation needed]
Variants[edit]
Abbreviations: LV and RV=left and right ventricle, PT=pulmonary trunk, VSD=ventricular septal defect, PS=pulmonary stenosis.
Abbreviations: RA=right atrium, RV=right ventricle, LV=left ventricle, PT=pulmonary trunk, LPA and RPA=left and right pulmonary artery.
Transposed vessels can present a large variety of atriovenous, ventriculoarterial and/or arteriovenous discordance. The effects may range from a change in blood pressure to an interruption in circulation, depending on the nature and degree of the misplacement and which vessels are involved.
Although "transposed" literally means "swapped", many types of TGV involve vessels that are in abnormal positions, while not actually being swapped with each other. The terms TGV and TGA are most commonly used in reference to dextro-TGA (d-TGA) – in which the arteries are in swapped positions; however, both terms are also commonly used, though to a slightly lesser extent, in reference to levo-TGA (l-TGA) – in which both the arteries and the ventricles are swapped; while other defects in this category are almost never referred to by either of these terms.
Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries[edit]
In dextro-Transposition of the great arteries (dextro-TGA) deoxygenated blood from the right heart is pumped immediately through the aorta and circulated to the body and the heart itself, bypassing the lungs altogether, while the left heart pumps oxygenated blood continuously back into the lungs through the pulmonary artery. In effect, two separate "circular" (parallel) circulatory systems are created. It is called a cyanotic congenital heart defect (CHD) because the newborn infant turns blue from lack of oxygen.
Levo-Transposition of the great arteries[edit]
Levo-Transposition of the great arteries is an acyanotic heart defect in which the primary arteries are transposed, with the aorta anterior and to the left of the pulmonary artery, and the morphological left and right ventricles are also transposed.
Simple and complex TGV[edit]
In many cases, TGV is accompanied by other heart defects, the most common type being intracardiac shunts such as atrial septal defect (ASD) including patent foramen ovale (PFO), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Stenosis, or other defects, of valves and/or vessels may also be present.
When no other heart defects are present it is called 'simple' TGV; when other defects are present it is called 'complex' TGV.
Treatment[edit]
For newborns with transposition, prostaglandins can be given to keep the ductus arteriosus open which allows mixing of the otherwise isolated pulmonary and systemic circuits. Thus oxygenated blood that recirculates back to the lungs can mix with blood that circulates throughout the body. Surgical correction is the definitive treatment for a transposition.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ The Morbid Anatomy of Some of the Most Important Parts of the Human Body (1793)
- ^ Martins P, Castela E (2008). "Transposition of the great arteries". Orphanet J Rare Dis 3: 27. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-3-27. PMC 2577629. PMID 18851735.
External links[edit]
- Pediatric Heart Surgery
- The Congenital Heart Surgery Video Project
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: Repair of Transposition of the Great Arteries with Intact Ventricular Septum (TGA/IVS)
- Diagram at kumc.edu
- Transposition of the great arteries at Cardiopedia
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