Trebinje

For other places with the same name, see Trebinje (disambiguation).

Trebinje Требиње
Coat of arms
Location of Trebinje within Republic of Srpska / Bosnia and Herzegovina
Coordinates: 42.7112°N 18.3425°E / 42.7112; 18.3425
Country	Bosnia and Herzegovina
Entity	Republika Srpska
Settlements	178 (2008.)
Government
• Mayor	Dobroslav Ćuk (SNSD)
Area
• Total	904 km2 (349 sq mi)
Population (2008 estimate)
• Total	37,000
• Municipality	100,000
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Area code(s)	59
Website	[1]

Trebinje (Serbian Cyrillic: Требиње, Serbian pronunciation: [trɛ̌biɲɛ]) is the southernmost municipality and town in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is administratively part of the Republika Srpska entity and is located in southeastern Herzegovina, some 10 km (6.2 mi) from the Adriatic Sea.

The town was first mentioned in the 10th century.

Geography

The town lies on the Trebišnjica River in southeastern Herzegovina, some 24 km (15 mi) by road from the city of Dubrovnik, Croatia on the Adriatic coast. There are several mills along the river, as well as several bridges, including two in Trebinje itself, and a historic Ottoman Arslanagic bridge nearby. The river is heavily exploited for hydro-energy. After it passes through the Popovo polje area southwest of the town, the river - which always floods in winter - naturally runs underground to the Adriatic, near Dubrovnik.

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  Trebinje town and valley

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  Trebišnjica river and karst mountains

Settlements

The Trebinje municipality has a total of 178 settlements according to the 1991 census.

Aranđelovo, Arbanaška, Arslanagića Most, Baljivac, Baonine, Begović Kula, Belenići, Bihovo, Bijelač, Bijograd, Bioci, Bobovišta, Bodiroge, Bogojević Selo, Borlovići, Brani Do, Brova, Budoši, Bugovina, Cerovac, Cicina, Cicrina, Čavaš, Čopice, Čvaljina, Čvarići, Desin Selo, Diklići, Djedići, Do, Dobromani, Dodanovići, Dolovi, Domaševo, Donja Kočela, Donje Čičevo, Donje Grančarevo, Donje Vrbno, Donji Orahovac, Dračevo, Dražin Do, Drijenjani, Dubljani, Dubočani, Duži, Dvrsnica, Glavinići, Glavska, Gojšina, Gola Glavica, Golubinac, Gomiljani, Gornja Kočela, Gornje Čičevo, Gornje Grančarevo, Gornje Vrbno, Gornji Orahovac, Gorogaše, Grab, Grbeši, Grbići, Grebci, Grkavci, Grmljani, Hum, Ivanica, Janjač, Jasen, Jasenica Lug, Jazina, Jušići, Kalađurđevići, Kijev Do, Klikovići, Klobuk, Konjsko, Korlati, Kotezi, Kovačina, Kraj, Krajkovići, Kremeni Do, Krnjevići, Kučići, Kunja Glavica, Kutina, Lapja, Lastva, Lokvice, Lomači, Lug, Lušnica, Ljekova, Ljubovo, Marić Međine, Mesari, Mionići, Morče, Mosko, Mrkonjići, Mrnjići, Necvijeće, Nenovići, Nevada, Nikontovići, Ograde, Orah, Orahov Do, Orašje Popovo, Orašje Površ, Orašje Zubci, Parojska Njiva, Petrovići, Pijavice, Podosoje, Podstrašivica, Podštirovnik, Podvori, Poljice Čičevo, Poljice Popovo, Prhinje Pridvorci, Prosjek, Rapti Bobani, Rapti Zupci, Rasovac, Ravno, Rupni Do, Sedlari, Skočigrm, Slavogostići, Slivnica Bobani, Slivnica Površ, Sparožići, Staro Slano, Strujići, Šarani, Šćenica Bobani, Šćenica Ljubomir, Taleža, Todorići, Trebijovi, Trebimlja, Trebinje, Trnčina, Tuli, Tulje, Turani, Turica, Turmenti, Tvrdoš, Ubla, Ugarci, Ukšići, Uskoplje, Uvjeća, Veličani, Velja Gora, Velja Međa, Vladušići, Vlaka, Vlasače, Vlaška, Volujac, Vrpolje Ljubomir, Vrpolje Zagora, Vučija, Vukovići, Začula, Zagora, Zagradinje, Zaplanik, Zavala, Zgonjevo, Žakovo, Ždrijelovići, Željevo and Župa.

Trebinje is one of two municipalities that were created from the former Yugoslavian municipality of Trebinje of the 1991 census, the other being Ravno in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

History

Middle Ages

"From the city of Decatera begins the domain of Terbounia and stretches along as far as Ragusa, and on the side of its mountain country it is neighbour to Serbia." "Travunia (Terbounia) and Konavli are united. Its inhabitants originate from the unbaptized Serbs, who lived there since the archont that fled from White Serbia to Emperor Heraclius" "The archonts of Travunia have always been subject to the archont of Serbia" "Populated cities in Travunia and Konavli are: Travunia (ηε Τερβουνια), Vrm (το Ορμος), Risan (τα Ρισενα), Lukavete (το Λουκαβεται), Zetlivi (του Ζετλεβε)."

- taken from De Administrando Imperio, by Constantine VII (905-959)

The toponym Trebinje is first attested in De Administrando Imperio by Constantine VII (905-959), when describing the geography of the Serbs. Travunia (Τερβουνια) was a province of the Serbian Principality under the Vlastimirović Dynasty. The first known office holder was Beloje, a count, who ruled under Prince Vlastimir (also possibly under Radoslav or Prosigoj, fl. 819). In the mid 9th century, Vlastimir married his daughter to Krajina, the son of Beloje, and gave him the Župa of Trebinje to govern under his suzerainty. The Belojević noble family was entitled to rule Travunia; Hvalimir, and his son Čučimir, continued the office under the Serbian crown.

The town commanded the road from Ragusa to Constantinople, traversed, in 1096, by Raymond of Toulouse and his crusaders. Under the name of Tribunia or Travunja (the Trebigne of the Ragusans), it belonged to the Serbian Empire until 1355. Trebinje became a part of the expanded Medieval Bosnian state under Tvrtko I in 1373. There is a medieval tower in Gornje Police (Gornye Politse) whose construction is often attributed to Vuk Branković. The old Tvrdoš Monastery dates back to the 15th century.

Arslanagić bridge.

In 1482, together with the rest of Herzegovina (see: Herzog Stjepan Vukčić Kosača), the town was captured by the Ottoman Empire. The Old Town-Kastel was built by Turks on the location of the medieval fortress of Ban Vir, on the western bank of the Trebišnjica River. The city walls, the Old Town square, and two mosques were built in the beginning of the 18th century by the Resulbegović family. The 16th-century Arslanagić bridge (or Perovica bridge^{[citation needed]}) was originally built at the village of Arslanagić, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of the town, by Mehmed-paša Sokolović, and was managed by Arslanagic family. The Arslanagić bridge is one of the most attractive Ottoman-era bridges in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It has two large and two small semicircular arches. It was moved closer to Trebinje (1 km (0.62 mi)) in the late 1960s.^{[citation needed]}

Modern

During the period of Austro-Hungarian administration (1878–1918), several fortifications were built on the surrounding hills, and there was a garrison based in the town. The imperial administrators also modernized the town, expanding it westwards, building the present main street, as well as several squares, parks, schools, tobacco plantations, etc.

Trebinje strongly grew in the era of Josip Broz Tito's Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia between 1945 and 1990. It especially developed its hydroelectric potential with dams, artificial lakes, tunnels, and hydroelectric plants. This industrial development brought a large increase in the urban population of Trebinje.

Ravno municipality was formed within the former territory of Trebinje municipality for the area now belonging to the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Culture

Gračanica, a Serbian Orthodox monastery located on the Crkvina hill overlooking the town.

There is an Orthodox church in Trebinje, Saborna Crkva, as well as a new monastery, Trebinje Gračanica, located above the town, on the historic hill known as Crkvina, while nearby is also Tvrdoš Monastery, which dates back to the 15th century. Trebinje is also home to the Catholic Cathedral of the Birth of Mary.

Sports

The local football club, FK Leotar Trebinje, plays in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Demographics

See also: History of the demographics of Bosnia and Herzegovina

According to the 1910 census, the majority in the Trebinje municipality were Eastern Orthodox Christians (71.38%).^{[citation needed]}

Municipality

Census year	Total	Serbs	Bosniaks	Croats	Yugoslavs	Others
1991	30,996	21,349 (68.87%)	5,571 (17.97%)	1,246 (4.01%)	1,642 (5.29%)	1,188 (3.83%)
1981	30,372	18,123 (59.67%)	4,405 (14.50%)	2,309 (7.60%)	4,154 (13.67%)	1,381 (4.54%)
1971	29,024	19,362 (66.71%)	4,846 (16.69%)	3,350 (11.54%)	424 (1.46%)	1,042 (3.60%)

Town (itself)

Census year	Total	Serbs	Bosniaks	Croats	Yugoslavs	Others
1991	21,870	14,915 (68.19%)	4,228 (19.33%)	347 (1.58%)	1,470 (6.72%)	910 (4.18%)

Notable people

• Jovan Dučić - Serbian poet and diplomat
• Vladimir Radmanović - NBA player born in the Trebinje
• Nataša Ninković Actress
• Vladimir Gudelj - Football player
• Nebojša Glogovac - Actor
• Dejan Bodiroga - basketball player (originally from Trebinje)
• Ruđer Bošković - scientist - born in the village Orahov do -Trebinje
• Dragan Bjelogrlić - Actor
• Asmir Begović - Football player

Gallery

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References

• Treasures of Yugoslavia, published by Yugoslaviapublic Beograd, Belgrade 1980

See also

• Sutorina

External links

• Trebinje Municipality
• ПД "Вучји зуб " Требиње

• Trebinje Internet portal
• Glas Trebinja

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.