Tree house

Tree houses, treehouses, or tree forts, are buildings constructed among the branches, around or next to the trunk of one or more mature trees, and are raised above the ground. Tree houses can be used for recreation, work space, habitation, observation platforms, or as temporary retreats.

Shelter

Tree houses are an option for building eco-friendly houses in remote forest areas, because they do not require a clearing of a certain area of forest. The wildlife, climate and illumination on ground level in areas of dense close-canopy forest is not well suited for human habitation. In some parts of the tropics, ordinary houses are built in trees or elevated on stilts to keep the living quarters above hazards at ground level, and to keep the occupants and any stored food out of reach of scavenging animals.

The Korowai, a Papuan tribe in the southeast of Irian Jaya, live in tree houses, some nearly 40 metres (130 ft) high, as protection against a tribe of neighbouring head-hunters, the Citak.^[1]

Materials

Tree houses can be built with a wide range of materials. Wood is commonly used for structural parts and cladding due to its strength, light weight and low cost. Steel is used for brackets, cables and bolts, including specialized tree bolts capable of supporting up to 6,000 pounds (2,700 kg).^[2] Builders of tree houses sometimes use recycled materials or parts, such as reclaimed window frames, doors and used lumber. One motivation for this is to promote sustainability by re-using resources. Reclaiming materials can also save money compared with buying new materials and can add a retro or abstract style to the design of the structure. Fabrics can be used to produce non-rigid temporary structures that are more like tree tents than tree houses. ^{[citation needed]}

Popularity

Since the mid-1990s, recreational tree houses have enjoyed a rise in popularity in countries such as the United States and parts of Europe.^[3] This has been due to increased disposable income, better technology for builders, research into safe building practices and an increased interest in environmental issues, particularly sustainable living.

Increased popularity has, in turn, given rise to demand for businesses covering all building and design work for clients. There are over 30 businesses in Europe and the USA^[4] specializing in the construction of tree houses of various degrees of permanence and sophistication, from children's play structures to fully functioning homes.

Building regulations

Many areas of the world have no specific planning laws for treehouses, so the legal issues can be confusing to both the builder and the local planning departments. Treehouses can be exempt, partially regulated or fully regulated depending on the locale.

In some cases tree houses are given exemption from normal building regulations, as they are not considered to be a building in the normal sense of the word. An exemption may be given to a builder if the treehouse is in a remote or non-urban location. Alternatively, a tree house may be included in the same category as structures such as garden sheds, sometimes called a "temporary structure". There may be restrictions on height, distance from boundary and privacy for nearby properties. There are various grey areas in these laws, as they were not specifically designed for tree-borne structures. A very small number of planning departments have specific regulations for tree houses, which set out clearly what may be built and where.

Protest communities

The tree house has been central to various environmental protest communities around the world, in a technique known as tree sitting. This method may be used in protests against proposed road building or old growth forestry operations. Tree houses are used as a method of defence from which it is difficult and costly to safely evict the protesters and begin work. Julia Butterfly Hill is a particularly well known tree sitter who occupied a Californian Redwood for 738 days, saving the tree and others in the immediate area. Her accommodation consisted of two 3m² (29 sq ft) platforms 60 m (200 ft) above the ground.^[5]

References

^ Head-Hunters Drove Papuan Tribe Into Tree-Houses
^ "Research into tree fastener strength". Retrieved 2008-11-21.
^ Henderson, Paula (2005). Treehouses. London, UK: Frances Lincoln Ltd. p. 7. ISBN 0 7112 2437 4. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
^ "Commercial treehouse builder list". Retrieved 2007-11-20.
^ Henderson, Paula (2005). Treehouses. London, UK: Frances Lincoln Ltd. p. 65. ISBN 0 7112 2437 4. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

External links

The Treehouse Guide - Resource compiling links to building guides, notable treehouses, and treehouse building businesses
Elevated Living Tree Houses - Company based in Portland, OR that builds eco-friendly, custom tree houses
Tree House Holidays - Company based in Deeside UK, that sells a range of Tree House Holidays

[1] Head-Hunters Drove Papuan Tribe Into Tree-Houses

[2] "Research into tree fastener strength". Retrieved 2008-11-21.

[3] Henderson, Paula (2005). Treehouses. London, UK: Frances Lincoln Ltd. p. 7. ISBN 0 7112 2437 4. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[4] "Commercial treehouse builder list". Retrieved 2007-11-20.

[5] Henderson, Paula (2005). Treehouses. London, UK: Frances Lincoln Ltd. p. 65. ISBN 0 7112 2437 4. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

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