TIMSS 2007 8th grade average Mathematics scores
TIMSS 2007 8th grade average Science scores
The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) is an international assessment of the mathematics and science knowledge of 4th and 8th grader students around the world. TIMSS was developed by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) to allow participating nations to compare students' educational achievement across borders. The IEA also conducts the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS). TIMSS was first administered in 1995, and every 4 years thereafter. 59 nations and 425,000 students participated in TIMSS 2007. TIMSS 2011 Mathematics Report, 2008, International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement,TIMSS 2011 testing has been done and the results will be published 2012.[1] Another similar study is the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).
Method [edit]
TIMSS consists of an assessment of mathematics and science, as well as student, teacher, and school questionnaires. The current assessment includes those topics in mathematics and science that students are likely to have been exposed to up to and including grade 4 and grade 8.
Two different scoring systems have been used. In one the final score is adjusted so that the average is always 500 and standard deviation is always 100 for each test. This is recalculated for each test year so that these values stay the same. In another system the 1995 average and standard deviation are kept for subsequent years which may cause the subsequent years to have different averages and standard deviations from 500 and 100. This in part due to participating nations changing. This system allows easier comparisons between testing years.[2]
The 1995 assessment included grades 4, 8, and the final year of high school. To be able to assess the knowledge of students, assessment items exhibit a range of difficulty and complexity. The student questionnaires are designed to collect information on students' backgrounds, attitudes and beliefs related to schooling and learning, information about their classroom experiences, among many other topics. The teacher and school questionnaires asks about class scheduling, mathematics and science content coverage, school policies, teachers' educational backgrounds and preparation, among many other topics.
TIMSS was created through an extensive collaboration among participating countries. Curriculum, measurement, and education experts from around the world worked together to create the assessment frameworks, item pools, and questionnaires. TIMSS is based on the curricula of schools around the world, and is organized to investigate how students are provided educational opportunities, and the factors that influence how students make use of these opportunities. Having its basis in the curricula of schools around the world, TIMSS intends to investigate three levels: the intended curriculum; the implemented curriculum; and the achieved curriculum. The intended curriculum is defined as the mathematics and science that societies intend for students to learn and how education systems are organized to meet this demand; the implemented curriculum is what is actually taught in classrooms, who teaches it, and how it is taught; the achieved curriculum is what students have learned. The various questionnaires seek information on the intended and implemented curriculum; the assessment seeks to ascertain what students know.
US results relative to those of other nations decreased with increasing age so 12th grade performed worse than 8th grade which performed worse than 4th grade.[3]
United States [edit]
In the United States, TIMSS is conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics of the U.S. Department of Education. Data for US students is further tracked for ethnic and racial groups, which can be tracked as the nation. As a whole, grade four students in the United States lagged the best Asian and European nations in the 2007 TIMSS international math and science test. Grade eight students in the United States also lagged the best Asian and European nations in the 2007 TIMSS international math and science test.
Poverty [edit]
Some commentators such as Jim Taylor of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer,[4] and the Institute of Education Sciences[5] have pointed to a correlation between US child poverty (based on reduced school lunches) and performance on the TIMSS test.
Top 10 countries by subject and year [edit]
In TIMSS 1995 study, there were 25 participating counties for the fourth grade[7] and 41 counties for the eight grade.[8] In 1999, TIMSS-R only focused on the eight grade in 38 countries. There was no study done for the fourth grade in that year.[9] In TIMSS 2003, there were 25 participating countries in the study for the fourth grade and 46 countries for the eight grade.[10][11] TIMSS 2007 had 36 participating counties for the fourth grade and 49 counties for the eight grade.[12][13] TIMSS 2011 had 52 participating countries for the fourth grade and 45 countries for the eight grade.[14][15]
Due to the fact that TIMSS studies are done in 4-year cycle, it opens the opportunity for participating counties to use the results between the fourth and the eight grades to track the changes in achievement and certain background factors from an earlier study. For example, results of the fourth grade in TIMSS 1995 are used to compare with the results of the eight grade in TIMSS-R 1999 as fourth graders had become eight graders in the next cycle of study.[16]
Fourth grade [edit]
| TIMSS（1995） |
TIMSS2003 |
TIMSS2007 |
TIMSS2011 |
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Eighth grade [edit]
| TIMSS（1995） |
TIMSS-R（1999） |
TIMSS2003 |
TIMSS2007 |
TIMSS2011 |
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Science [edit]
Fourth grade [edit]
| TIMSS（1995） |
TIMSS2003 |
TIMSS2007 |
TIMSS2011 |
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Eighth grade [edit]
| TIMSS（1995） |
TIMSS-R（1999） |
TIMSS2003 |
TIMSS2007 |
TIMSS2011 |
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All average country scores [edit]
See also [edit]
- ^ TIMSS 2011 Schedule, TIMSS 2011, TIMSS, http://www.timss.org/
- ^ TIMSS 2007 International Mathematics Report, 2008, IEA
- ^ U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics "Pursuing Excellence: A Study of U.S. Twelfth-Grade Mathematics and Science Achievement in International Context" NCES 98-049. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1998.February 1998 EEVISED August 1998 Available for downloading at http://nces.ed.gov/timss
- ^ a b c Are Public Education Chicken Littles Wrong?, Jim Taylor
- ^ Closer Look 2009
- ^ Table 1. Average mathematics scores of fourth- and eighth-grade students, by country: 2007
- ^ "Highlights of Results - The Primary School Years". TIMSS 1995. TIMSS International Study Center. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
- ^ "Highlights of Results - The Middle School Years". TIMSS 1995. TIMSS International Study Center. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
- ^ "Third International Mathematics and Science Study Repeat – TIMSS 1999". TIMSS 1999. TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center.
- ^ "TIMSS 2003 International Mathematics Report". TIMSS & PIIRLS International Study Center. pp. 15,34–35. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
- ^ "TIMSS 2003 International Science Report". TIMSS & PIIRLS International Study Center. pp. 34,36–37. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
- ^ "TIMSS 2007 International Mathematics Report". TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center. pp. 31,34–35. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
- ^ "TIMSS 2007 International Science Report". TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center. pp. 31,34–35. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
- ^ "TIMSS 2011 International Results in Mathematics". TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center. pp. 36,40,42. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
- ^ "TIMSS 2011 International Results in Science". TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center. pp. 34,38,40. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
- ^ "Pursuing Excellence: Comparisons of International Eighth-Grade Mathematics and Science Achievement from a U.S. Perspective, 1995 and 1999". U.S. Department of Education. December 2000. p. 2. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
Key publications [edit]
- TIMSS 2007 Assessment Frameworks [14]
- TIMSS 2003 International Mathematics Report [15]
- TIMSS 2003 International Science Report [16]
- IEA's TIMSS 2003 International Report on Achievement in the Mathematics Cognitive Domains [17]
External links [edit]
