Tsat language
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| Tsat | |
|---|---|
| Spoken in | Hainan Island |
| Region | Southeast Asia |
| Native speakers | 4,500 (date missing) |
| Language family |
Austronesian
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | huq |
Tsat (also known as Utsat, Utset, Huihui, Hui, or Hainan Cham, Chinese: 回辉语/回輝語 Huíhuīyǔ) is a language spoken near Sanya, Hainan, China by the Utsuls. Tsat is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian group within the Austronesian language family, and is related to the Cham languages, originally from the coast of present-day Vietnam. Today, the language is spoken by 4,500 people in Yanglan (羊栏) and Huixin (回新), two villages on the outskirts of Sanya, Hainan.
Unusually for a Malayo-Polynesian language, Tsat has developed into a solidly tonal language, probably as a result of areal linguistic effects and contact with Chinese, Hlai/Li, and the other tonal languages of Hainan.[1]
[edit] Tonogenesis
Hainan Cham tones correspond to various Proto-Chamic sounds.[2]
| Tone value (Hainan Cham) |
Type of tone (Hainan Cham) |
Proto-Chamic final sound |
|---|---|---|
| 55 | High | *-h, *-s; PAN *-q |
| 42 | Falling | *-p, *-t, *-k, *-c, *-ʔ; *-ay Voiced final: default |
| 24 | Rising | *-p, *-t, *-k, *-c, *-ʔ; *-ay Voiceless final: voiced stop / affricate initial |
| 11 | Low | Vowels and nasals Voiced final: default |
| 33 | Mid | Vowels and nasals Voiceless final: voiced stop / affricate initial |
[edit] References
- ^ Graham Thurgood (1999). From ancient Cham to modern dialects: two thousand years of language contact and change : with an appendix of Chamic reconstructions and loanwords. University of Hawaii Press. p. 239. ISBN 0824821319. http://books.google.com/books?id=MBGYb84A7SAC&pg=PA230&dq=tsat+li#v=onepage&q=tsat%20li&f=false. Retrieved 2011-05-15.
- ^ Thurgood, Graham. 1993. "Phan Rang Cham and Utsat: Tonogenetic themes and variants." In Jerold A. Edmondson and Kenneth J. Gregerson (eds.), Tonality in Austronesian languages, 91-106. Oceanic Linguistics Special Publication, 24. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
- Jerold A. Edmondson (1993). Tonality in Austronesian languages (illustrated ed.). University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0824815300.
[edit] External links
- Pérez Pereiro, Alberto. "Tonality in Phan Rang Cham and Tsat". Archived from the original on 2006-03-20. http://web.archive.org/web/20060320070439/http://www.public.asu.edu/~aperez7/TONALITY.html. Retrieved 2006-12-22.
- Recent papers on Tsat
- Ethnologue entry for Tsat
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