Tukaram
|name= Tukaram |image= Tukaram.jpg |caption = Sant Tukaram |birth_date= 1608 |birth_place= Dehu, near Pune, India |birth_name= |death_date= c. 1650 |death_place= indrayani, Maharashtra |guru= |sect = Varkari |honors= Sant in Marathi, meaning "Saint" |Literary works = Abhanga devotional poetry |quote= |footnotes= }}Sant Tukaram Maharaj was the Guru of King Shivaji
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- Sant Tukaram Maharaj unbroken burned and killed the Brahmin society.
Sant Tukaram (1608–1650) was a prominent Varkari Sant and spiritual poet during a Bhakti movement in India.
Sant Tukaram[1] was born and lived most of his life in Dehu, a town close to Pune in Mahārāshtra, India. He was born to a couple with the family name "More", the descendent of the Mourya Clan (Āmbile) with first names Bolhobā and Kanakāi. Kumar,[2] Munshi, [3] Kincaid and Parasanisa,[4] consider him to be of the Vani or grocer caste. In accordance with an ancient Indian tradition, Tukaram's family name is rarely used in identifying him. His real name is Tukaram Vhilhoba Aambe. Rather, in accord with another tradition in India of assigning the epithet "sant" (संत) to persons regarded as thoroughly saintly, Tukaram is commonly known in Maharashtra as Sant Tukaram (संत तुकाराम). He is known as Bhakta Tukaram to southern Indian people.
Scholars assign various birth years to Sant Tukaram: 1577, 1598, 1608 and 1609 CE. The year of Sant Tukaram's death —1650 CE— is much more certain.[5]
Sant Tukaram's first wife, Rakhumābāi, died in 1602 in her early youth. Sant Tukaram and his second wife, Jijābāi (also known as Āvali), had three sons: Santu or Mahādev, Vithobā, and Nārāyan.
Dilip Purushottam Chitre, a well known Marathi Scholar, identifies Tukaram as the first modern poet of Marathi. Chitre believes that Tukaram was the first acceptable saint who denied caste hierarchy in Hindu religion and attacked rituals present in Hindu Dharma.
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[edit] Spiritual life and poetry
Sant Tukaram was a devotee of god Vitthala or Vithoba, a form of Krishna.
Sant Tukaram is considered to be the climactic point of the Bhagabata Hindu tradition, which is thought to have begun in Maharashtra with Namdev. Dnyaneshwar, Namdev, Janabai, Eknath, and Tukaram are revered especially in the Varkari (वारकरी) sect in Maharashtra. Most information about the lives of the above saints of Maharashtra comes from the works Bhakti-Wijay and Bhakti-Leelāmrut of Mahipati. Mahipati was born 65 years after the death of Tukaram, (Tukaram having died 50 years, 300 years, and 353 years after the deaths of Ekanath, Namdev, and Dnyaneshwar, respectively.) Thus, Mahipati undoubtedly based his life sketches of all the above "sants" primarily on hearsays.
[edit] Namdev as Guru
Saint Tukarm accepted Sant Namdev as his Guru. One of his abhanga is proof for this.[नामदेवे केले स्वप्नामाजी जागे....सवे पांडुरंगे येवूनिया.] Namdev gave knowledge, who came along with Lord Vitthal in Dream of Tukaram. Sant Tukaram has also mentioned in one of his abhanga that his sadguru's name is 'Babaji Chaitanya'. [बाबाजी चैतन्य सांगितले नाम, मंत्र दिला राम कृष्ण हरी]
[edit] In films
Sant Tukaram was also the subject of a biopic, title Sant Tukaram, made in 1936 by V. Damle and S. Fattelal of the Prabhat Film Company, starring Vishnupant Pagnis as the lead, and released on December 12, 1936 at the Central Cinema in Mumbai. The film was a big hit, and broke all previous records by running continuously for 57 weeks.[6] It also had won an award at the 5th Venice International Film Festival in 1937, and still remains a part of film appreciation courses.[7][8][9] It is preserved at the National Film Archive of India.[6]
The story of Tukaram was also made in Telugu as Bhakta Tukaram in 1973 by Anjali Pictures. Akkineni Nageswara Rao played the title role with great devotion.[10]
Dr. Raj Kumar played the role of 'Santa Tukarama' in the Kannada language.
[edit] Book
Renowned Indian author, poet, sculptor and painter Dilip Chitre (18 September 1938 - 10 December 2009) has translated writings of Sant Tukaram into English in the book titled Says Tuka for which he was awarded the Sahitya Akademi award in 1994. Says Tuka was later translated into other languages.[11]
[edit] See also
[edit] Further reading
- Fraser, James Nelson; Rev. Edward Cullen (1922). The Life and Teaching of Tukārām. The Christian Literature Society for India, Madras. http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924023185857#page/n5/mode/2up.
[edit] Notes
- ^ [1] Sant Tukaram
- ^ Raj Kumar (1 January 2003). Essays on medieval India. Discovery Publishing House. pp. 204–. ISBN 978-81-7141-683-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=JB-B7Hk_35AC&pg=PA204. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
- ^ Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi (1956). Indian inheritance. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. http://books.google.com/books?id=DrU5AQAAIAAJ. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
- ^ Charles Augustus Kincaid; Dattātraya Baḷavanta Pārasanīsa (1925). A history of the Maratha people. H. Milford, Oxford university press. http://books.google.com/books?id=xXwNjkn-HPsC. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
- ^ A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives By Richard M. Eaton ISBN 0521716276, 9780521716277
- ^ a b "Citation". National Film Archive of India. http://www.nfaipune.gov.in/venice_festival.htm.
- ^ 'Sant Tukaram' film still a topic of interest Anurag Basu - Televisionpoint.com, Dec 26, 2007.
- ^ Lost & found: A piece of classic cinema history Indian Express, March 26, 2004.
- ^ Gokulsing, K.; Wimal Dissanayake (2004). Indian popular cinema: a narrative of cultural change. Trentham Books. p. 24. ISBN 1858563291. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=_plssuFIar8C&pg=PA24&dq=Ayodhyecha+Raja+1932&cd=10#v=onepage&q=Ayodhyecha%20Raja%201932&f=false.
- ^ Retrospect : Bhakta Tukaram
- ^ Times of India 11 December 2009
[edit] References
- Ayyappapanicker, K.; Akademi, Sahitya (1997). Medieval Indian Literature: An Anthology. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 8-126-00365-0.
- Starr, Chester G. (1991). A history of the ancient world. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506629-4.
- Ranade, Ramchandra D. (1994). Tukaram. New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-2092-2.
- Multiple Essays on Sant Tukaram and his work in books of M. V. Dhond
- "Shakti Saushthava शक्ती सौष्ठव" by D. G. Godse
- "Vinoba Saraswat" by Vinoba Bhave (edited by Ram Shewalkar)
- "Tryambak Shankar Shejwalkar Nivadak Lekhsangrah" by T S Shejwalkar (collection- H V Mote, Introduction- G D Khanolkar)
[edit] External links
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