Tupi–Guarani languages

Tupi–Guarani
Geographic distribution:	Brazil, Bolivia, French Guiana, Paraguay, Peru
Linguistic classification:	Tupian Tupi–Guarani
Subdivisions:	Guaraní Guarayu–Siriono–Jora Tupi Subgroup IV Subgroup V Subgroup VI Kamayurá Subgroup VIII ?Aurá ?Pauserna
Ethnologue code:	364-16

Tupi–Guarani ( pronunciation ) is the name of the most widely distributed subfamily of the Tupian languages of South America. It includes fifty languages, including the best-known languages of the family, Guarani and Tupi.

Words like jaguar, tapioca, jacaranda, anhinga, carioca, and capoeira are of Tupi–Guarani origin.

Languages

Rodrigues (1984–1985) proposed eight tentative branches of Tupi–Guarani:

• Guaraní (Subgroup I)
• Guarayu–Siriono–Jora (Subgroup II): Guarayu, Sirionó (Yuqui), Jorá (Hora)
• Tupi (Subgroup III): Old Tupi (lingua franca dialect Tupí Austral), Tupinamba (dialects Nheengatu, aka Língua Geral as lingua franca, and Potiguára), Cocama, Tupinikin
• Subgroup IV: Akwáwa (dialects Asuriní, Suruí do Pará, Parakanã), Avá-Canoeiro, Tapirapé, Tenetehára (dialects Guajajara, Tembé)
• Subgroup V: Xingú Asuriní, Kayabí, possibly Araweté
• Subgroup VI: Apiacá, Kawahíb (numerous varieties), ?Uru-Pa-In
• Kamayurá (Subgroup VII)
• Subgroup VIII: Anambé, Amanayé, Emerillon, Guaja, Wayampi, Zo'é, Takunyapé, Turiwára, Urubú–Kaapor

Two extinct languages, Aurá of Brazil and Pauserna of Bolivia, were not considered by Rodrigues.

See also

• Tupi people (Tupinambá)
• Guarani people
• Urubú–Kaapor Sign Language

External links

• Swadesh lists of Tupi–Guarani basic vocabulary words (from Wiktionary's Swadesh-list appendix)