12th United States Congress

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

12th United States Congress
United States Capitol (1800)
Duration: March 4, 1811 – March 3, 1813
President of the Senate:	George Clinton (1811-1812) Vacant (1812-1813)
President pro tempore:	William H. Crawford
Speaker of the House:	Henry Clay
Members:	36 Senators 143 Representatives 4 Non-voting members
Senate Majority:	Democratic-Republican
House Majority:	Democratic-Republican
Sessions
1st: November 4, 1811 – July 6, 1812 2nd: November 2, 1812 – March 3, 1813
<11th 13th>

The Twelfth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1811 to March 3, 1813, during the third and fourth years of James Madison's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Second Census of the United States in 1800. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.

[edit] Major events

• November 6, 1811 – Battle of Tippecanoe William Henry Harrison defeated the forces of Tecumseh
• April 20, 1812 - Vice President George Clinton died
• June 18, 1812 – War of 1812 United States declared war on Great Britain
• August 16, 1812 – War of 1812 Detroit surrendered to the British.
• October 13, 1812 – War of 1812, the Battle of Queenston Heights took place.
• Napoleonic Wars (1799 - 1815) - Peninsular War
• Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812

[edit] Major legislation

[edit] States admitted and territories organized

• April 30, 1812 — Louisiana was admitted as a state into the Union. It was formerly known as the Territory of Orleans
• June 4, 1812 — Missouri Territory was organized. It was formed from the Territory of Orleans

[edit] Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

[edit] Senate

• Democratic-Republican (DR): 30 (majority)
• Federalist (F): 6

TOTAL members: 36

[edit] House of Representatives

• Democratic-Republican (DR): 107 (majority)
• Federalist (F): 36

TOTAL members: 143

[edit] Leadership

[edit] Senate

• President: George Clinton (DR)
• President pro tempore: William H. Crawford (DR)

[edit] House of Representatives

• Speaker: Henry Clay (DR)

[edit] Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

[edit] Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1814; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1816; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1812

Connecticut

• 3: Chauncey Goodrich (F)
• 1: Samuel W. Dana (F)

Delaware

• 2: James A. Bayard (F), resigned March 3, 1813
• 1: Outerbridge Horsey (F)

Georgia

• 2: William H. Crawford (DR)
• 3: Charles Tait (DR)

Kentucky

• 3: John Pope (DR)
• 2: George M. Bibb (DR)

Louisiana

• 3: Allan B. Magruder (DR)
• 2: Jean N. Destréhan (DR)

  Thomas Posey (DR)

  James Brown (DR)

Maryland

• 1: Samuel Smith (DR)
• 3: Philip Reed (DR)

Massachusetts

• 1: James Lloyd (F)
• 2: Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR), seated June 29, 1811

New Hampshire

• 2: Nicholas Gilman (DR)
• 3: Charles Cutts (DR)

New Jersey

• 1: John Lambert (DR)
• 2: John Condit (DR)

New York

• 3: John Smith (DR)
• 1: Obadiah German (DR)

North Carolina

• 2: James Turner (DR)
• 3: Jesse Franklin (DR)

Ohio

• 3: Alexander Campbell (DR)
• 1: Thomas Worthington (DR)

Pennsylvania

• 3: Andrew Gregg (DR)
• 1: Michael Leib (DR)

Rhode Island

• 1: Christopher G. Champlin (F)

  William Hunter (F)

• 2: Jeremiah B. Howell (DR)

South Carolina

• 3: John Gaillard (DR)
• 2: John Taylor (DR)

Tennessee

• 1: Joseph Anderson (DR)
• 2: Jenkin Whiteside (DR)

  George W. Campbell (DR)

Vermont

• 3: Stephen R. Bradley (DR)
• 1: Jonathan Robinson (DR)

Virginia

• 2: William B. Giles (DR)
• 1: Richard Brent (DR)

[edit] House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Connecticut

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

• A/L: Epaphroditus Champion (F)
• A/L: John Davenport (F)
• A/L: Lyman Law (F)
• A/L: Jonathan O. Moseley (F)
• A/L: Timothy Pitkin (F)
• A/L: Lewis B. Sturges (F)
• A/L: Benjamin Tallmadge (F)

Delaware

• A/L: Henry M. Ridgely (F)

Georgia

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

• A/L: William W. Bibb (DR)
• A/L: Howell Cobb (DR)

  William Barnett (DR)

• A/L: Bolling Hall (DR)
• A/L: George M. Troup (DR)

Kentucky

• 1: Anthony New (DR)
• 2: Samuel McKee (DR)
• 3: Stephen Ormsby (DR)
• 4: Richard M. Johnson (DR)
• 5: Henry Clay (DR)
• 6: Joseph Desha (DR)

Louisiana

• A/L: Thomas B. Robertson (DR), installed April 30, 1812 - End

Maryland

The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.

• 1: Philip Stuart (F)
• 2: Joseph Kent (DR)
• 3: Philip B. Key (F)
• 4: Samuel Ringgold (DR)
• 5: Peter Little (DR)
• 5: Alexander McKim (DR)
• 6: John Montgomery (DR)

  Stevenson Archer (DR)

• 7: Robert Wright (DR)
• 8: Charles Goldsborough (F)

Massachusetts

• 1: Josiah Quincy (F)
• 2: William Reed (F)
• 3: Leonard White (F)
• 4: Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)

  William M. Richardson (DR)

• 5: William Ely (F)
• 6: Samuel Taggart (F)
• 7: Charles Turner, Jr. (DR)
• 8: Isaiah L. Green (DR)
• 9: Laban Wheaton (F)
• 10: Elijah Brigham (F)
• 11: Abijah Bigelow (F)
• 12: Ezekiel Bacon (DR)
• 13: Ebenezer Seaver (DR)
• 14: Richard Cutts (DR)
• 15: William Widgery (DR)
• 16: Peleg Tallman (DR)
• 17: Barzillai Gannett (DR)

  Francis Carr (DR)

New Hampshire

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

• A/L: Josiah Bartlett, Jr. (DR)
• A/L: Samuel Dinsmoor (DR)
• A/L: Obed Hall (DR)
• A/L: John A. Harper (DR)
• A/L: George Sullivan (F)

New Jersey

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

• A/L: Adam Boyd (DR)
• A/L: Lewis Condict (DR)
• A/L: Jacob Hufty (DR)
• A/L: George C. Maxwell (DR)
• A/L: James Morgan (DR)
• A/L: Thomas Newbold (DR)

New York

There were two plural districts, the 2nd & 6th each had two representatives.

• 1: Ebenezer Sage (DR)
• 2: Samuel L. Mitchill (DR)
• 2: William Paulding, Jr. (DR)
• 3: Pierre Van Cortlandt, Jr. (DR)
• 4: James Emott (F)
• 5: Thomas B. Cooke (DR)
• 6: Asa Fitch (F)
• 6: Robert Le Roy Livingston (F)

  Thomas P. Grosvenor (F)

• 7: Harmanus Bleecker (F)
• 8: Benjamin Pond (DR)
• 9: Thomas Sammons (DR)
• 10: Silas Stow (DR)
• 11: Thomas R. Gold (F)
• 12: Arunah Metcalf (DR)
• 13: Uri Tracy (DR)
• 14: Daniel Avery (DR)
• 15: Peter B. Porter (DR)

North Carolina

• 1: Lemuel Sawyer (DR)
• 2: Willis Alston (DR)
• 3: Thomas Blount (DR)

  William Kennedy (DR)

• 4: William Blackledge (DR)
• 5: William R. King (DR)
• 6: Nathaniel Macon (DR)
• 7: Archibald McBryde (F)
• 8: Richard Stanford (DR)
• 9: James Cochran (DR)
• 10: Joseph Pearson (F)
• 11: Israel Pickens (DR)
• 12: Meshack Franklin (DR)

Ohio

• A/L: Jeremiah Morrow (DR)

Pennsylvania

There were four plural districts, the 1st, 2nd, & 3rd had three representatives each, the 4th had two representatives.

• 1: William Anderson (DR)
• 1: James Milnor (F)
• 1: Adam Seybert (DR)
• 2: Robert Brown (DR)
• 2: Jonathan Roberts (DR)
• 2: William Rodman (DR)
• 3: Roger Davis (DR)
• 3: John M. Hyneman (DR)
• 3: Joseph Lefever (DR)
• 4: David Bard (DR)
• 4: Robert Whitehill (DR)
• 5: George Smith (DR)
• 6: William Crawford (DR)
• 7: William Piper (DR)
• 8: William Findley (DR)
• 9: John Smilie (DR), died December 30, 1812, vacant to end
• 10: Aaron Lyle (DR)
• 11: Abner Lacock (DR)

Rhode Island

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

• A/L: Richard Jackson, Jr. (F)
• A/L: Elisha R. Potter (F)

South Carolina

• 1: Langdon Cheves (DR)
• 2: William Butler, Sr. (DR)
• 3: David R. Williams (DR)
• 4: William Lowndes (DR)
• 5: Richard Winn (DR)
• 6: John C. Calhoun (DR)
• 7: Thomas Moore (DR)
• 8: Elias Earle (DR)

Tennessee

• 1: John Rhea (DR)
• 2: John Sevier (DR)
• 3: Felix Grundy (DR)

Vermont

• 1: Samuel Shaw (DR)
• 2: William Strong (DR)
• 3: James Fisk (DR)
• 4: Martin Chittenden (F)

Virginia

• 1: Thomas Wilson (F)
• 2: John Baker (F)
• 3: John Smith (DR)
• 4: William McCoy (DR)
• 5: James Breckinridge (F)
• 6: Daniel Sheffey (F)
• 7: Joseph Lewis, Jr. (F)
• 8: John P. Hungerford (DR)

  John Taliaferro (DR)

• 9: Aylett Hawes (DR)
• 10: John Dawson (DR)
• 11: John Roane (DR)
• 12: Burwell Bassett (DR)
• 13: William A. Burwell (DR)
• 14: Matthew Clay (DR)
• 15: John Randolph (DR)
• 16: James Pleasants (DR)
• 17: Thomas Gholson, Jr. (DR)
• 18: Peterson Goodwyn (DR)
• 19: Edwin Gray (DR)
• 20: Thomas Newton, Jr. (DR)
• 21: Hugh Nelson (DR)
• 22: John Clopton (DR)

[edit] Delegates

Illinois Territory

• A/L: Shadrack Bond, seated December 3, 1812

Indiana Territory

• A/L: Jonathan Jennings

Mississippi Territory

• A/L: George Poindexter

Missouri Territory

• A/L: Edward Hempstead, seated November 9, 1812

[edit] Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

[edit] Senate

• replacements: 1
  • Democratic-Republicans: no net change
  • Federalists: no net change
• deaths: 0
• resignations: 4
• interim appointments: 1
• seats of newly admitted states: 2
• vacancies:1
• Total seats with changes: 6

State	Vacator	Reason for Vacancy	Successor	Date of Successor's Installation
Massachusetts class 2	Vacant	Vacancy in term	Joseph B. Varnum (DR)	Seated June 29, 1811
Rhode Island class 1	Christopher G. Champlin (F)	Resigned October 2, 1811	William Hunter (F)	Seated October 28, 1811
Tennessee class 2	Jenkin Whiteside (DR)	Resigned October 8, 1811	George W. Campbell (DR)	Appointed October 8, 1811
Louisiana class 2	New seats	Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812	Jean Noel Destréhan (DR)	Installed September 3, 1812
Louisiana class 3			Allan B. Magruder (DR)
Louisiana class 2	Jean N. Destréhan (DR)	Resigned October 1, 1812	Thomas Posey (DR)	Appointed October 8, 1812
Louisiana class 2	Thomas Posey (DR)	Successor chosen February 4, 1813	James Brown (DR)	Seated February 5, 1813

[edit] House of Representatives

• replacements: 3
  • Democratic-Republicans: no net change
  • Federalists: no net change
• deaths: 2
• resignations: 5
• contested election: 1
• seats of newly admitted states: 1
• vacancies: 1
• Total seats with changes: 10

District	Vacator	Reason for Vacancy	Successor	Date of Successor's Installation
Maryland 6th	John Montgomery (DR)	Resigned April 29, 1811 after being appointed Attorney General of Maryland	Stevenson Archer (DR)	Seated October 26, 1811
Massacusetts 4th	Joseph B. Varnum (DR)	Resigned June 29, 1811 after being elected to U.S. Senate	William M. Richardson (DR)	Seated November 4, 1811
Virginia 8th	John Hungerford (DR)	Lost contested election November 29, 1811	John Taliaferro (DR)	Seated November 29, 1811
Massacusetts 17th	Barzillai Gannett (DR)	Resigned in 1812	Francis Carr (DR)	Seated April 6, 1812
North Carolina 3rd	Thomas Blount (DR)	Died February 7, 1812	William Kennedy (DR)	Seated January 30, 1813
Louisiana At-large	New seat	Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812	Thomas B. Robertson (DR)	Seated April 30, 1812
New York 6th	Robert Le Roy Livingston (F)	Resigned May 6, 1812	Thomas P. Grosvenor (F)	Seated January 29, 1813
Georgia At-large	Howell Cobb (DR)	Resigned prior to October, 1812	William Barnett (DR)	Seated October 5, 1812
Missouri Territory At-large	Vacant	Territory delegate seat established	Edward Hempstead Non-voting Delgate	Seated November 9, 1812
Illinois Territory At-large	Vacant	Territory delegate seat established	Shadrach Bond Non-voting Delgate	Seated December 3, 1812
Pennsylvania 9th	John Smilie (DR)	Died December 30, 1812	Vacant	Not filled for remainder of term

[edit] Officers

• Architect of the Capitol: Benjamin Latrobe, appointed March 6, 1803

[edit] Senate

• Secretary: Samuel A. Otis of Massachusetts, elected April 8, 1789
• Sergeant at Arms:
  • James Mathers of New York, elected April 7, 1789, died in office.
  • Mountjoy Bayly of New Hampshire, elected November 6, 1811
• Chaplain: John Brackenridge, Presbyterian, elected November 13, 1811

[edit] House of Representatives

• Clerk: Patrick Magruder of Maryland, elected November 4, 1811
• Sergeant at Arms: Thomas Dunn of Maryland, elected November 4, 1811
• Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton, elected November 4, 1811
• Chaplain:
  • Nicholas Sneathen, Methodist, elected November 4, 1811
  • Jesse Lee, Methodist, elected November 2, 1812

[edit] References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 

[edit] External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
• U.S. House of Representatives: House History
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists

v • d • e United States Congresses (and years begun)     1 (1789) 2 (1791) 3 (1793) 4 (1795) 5 (1797) 6 (1799) 7 (1801) 8 (1803) 9 (1805) 10 (1807) 11 (1809) 12 (1811) 13 (1813) 14 (1815) 15 (1817) 16 (1819) 17 (1821) 18 (1823) 19 (1825) 20 (1827) 21 (1829) 22 (1831) 23 (1833) 24 (1835) 25 (1837) 26 (1839) 27 (1841) 28 (1843) 29 (1845) 30 (1847) 31 (1849) 32 (1851) 33 (1853) 34 (1855) 35 (1857) 36 (1859) 37 (1861) 38 (1863) 39 (1865) 40 (1867) 41 (1869) 42 (1871) 43 (1873) 44 (1875) 45 (1877) 46 (1879) 47 (1881) 48 (1883) 49 (1885) 50 (1887) 51 (1889) 52 (1891) 53 (1893) 54 (1895) 55 (1897) 56 (1899) 57 (1901) 58 (1903) 59 (1905) 60 (1907) 61 (1909) 62 (1911) 63 (1913) 64 (1915) 65 (1917) 66 (1919) 67 (1921) 68 (1923) 69 (1925) 70 (1927) 71 (1929) 72 (1931) 73 (1933) 74 (1935) 75 (1937) 76 (1939) 77 (1941) 78 (1943) 79 (1945) 80 (1947) 81 (1949) 82 (1951) 83 (1953) 84 (1955) 85 (1957) 86 (1959) 87 (1961) 88 (1963) 89 (1965) 90 (1967) 91 (1969) 92 (1971) 93 (1973) 94 (1975) 95 (1977) 96 (1979) 97 (1981) 98 (1983) 99 (1985) 100 (1987) 101 (1989) 102 (1991) 103 (1993) 104 (1995) 105 (1997) 106 (1999) 107 (2001) 108 (2003) 109 (2005) 110 (2007) 111 (2009) 112 (2011)