Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt

Egypt Province of Achaemenid Empire ← 525 BCE–402 BCE → Standard of Cyrus the Great Historical era Achaemenid era  -  Battle of Pelusium (525 BC) 525 BCE  -  Disestablished 402 BCE

Dynasties of Ancient Egypt Early Dynastic • 1st Dynasty (c. 3050 – 2890 BC) • 2nd Dynasty (2890–2686 BC) Old Kingdom • 3rd Dynasty (2686–2613 BC) • 4th Dynasty (2613–2498 BC) • 5th Dynasty (2498–2345 BC) • 6th Dynasty (2345–2181 BC) First Intermediate • 7th Dynasty (2181–2160 BC) • 8th Dynasty (2181–2160 BC) • 9th Dynasty (2160–2130 BC) • 10th Dynasty (2130–2040 BC) • 11th Dynasty (Thebes only) (2134–1991 BC) Middle Kingdom • 11th Dynasty (All Egypt) (2134–1991 BC) • 12th Dynasty (1991–1803 BC) • 13th Dynasty (1803–1649 BC) • 14th Dynasty (1705–1690 BC) Second Intermediate • 15th Dynasty (1674–1535 BC) • 16th Dynasty (1660–1600 BC) • 17th Dynasty (1650–1549 BC) New Kingdom • 18th (1549–1292 BC) • 19th (1292–1189 BC) • 20th (1189–1077 BC) Third Intermediate • 21st (1069–945 BC) • 22nd (945–720 BC) • 23rd (837–728 BC) • 24th (732–720 BC) • 25th (732–653 BC) Late Period • 26th (672–525 BC) • 27th (First Achaemenid Period) (525–404 BC) • 28th (404–398 BC) • 29th (398–380 BC) • 30th (380–343 BC) • 31st (Second Achaemenid Period) (343–332 BC) Hellenistic Period • Argead (332–305 BC) • Ptolemaic (305–30 BC)

The Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt also known as the First Egyptian Satrapy was effectively a province of the Achaemenid Persian Empire between 525 BCE to 402 BCE. The last pharaoh of the Twenty-Sixth dynasty, Psamtik III, was defeated by Cambyses II of Persia in the battle of Pelusium in the eastern Nile delta in 525 BC. Egypt was then joined with Cyprus and Phoenicia in the sixth satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. Thus began the first period of Persian rule over Egypt (also known as the 27th Dynasty), which ended around 402 BC.

After an interval of independence, during which three indigenous dynasties reigned (the 28th, 29th, and 30th dynasty), Artaxerxes III (358 BC) reconquered the Nile valley for a brief second period (343 BC), which is called the thirty-first dynasty of Egypt.

History

Main article: History of Achaemenid Egypt#The first Egyptian satrapy

Sources

• Herodotus (Histories)
• Fragments of Ctesias (Persica)
• Thucydides (History of the Peloponnesian War)
• Diodorus Siculus (Bibliotheca historica)
• Fragments of Manetho (Aegyptiaca)
• Flavius Josephus (Antiquities of the Jews)