Ulmus glabra 'Horizontalis'
| Ulmus glabra | |
|---|---|
 'Horizontalis', Ballarat Botanical Garden, Australia |
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| Details | |
| Cultivar | 'Horizontalis' |
| Origin | Perth, Scotland |
The Weeping Wych Elm, also known as the Horizontal Elm Ulmus glabra 'Horizontalis' is an elm cultivar discovered in a Perth nursery circa 1816. The tree was originally identified as 'Pendula' by Loddiges (London), in his catalogue of 1836, a name adopted by Loudon two years later in Arb. Frut. Brit 3: 1398, but later sunk as a synonym for 'Horizontalis'.[1]
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[edit] Description
'Horizontalis' has branches that extend out horizontally with weeping branchlets. It is usually grafted onto a tall understock of Ulmus glabra to effectively display its weeping habit. The tree can eventually grow to a height of 20 metres with a similar spread.[2] It can be distinguished from the related Camperdown Elm by its more spreading and flattened canopy and much larger mature size, although its shape does vary widely, as noted by Loudon: "A beautiful...tree generally growing to one side, spreading its branches out in a fan-like manner...sometimes horizontally and at other times almost perpendicularly downwards so that the head of the tree exhibits great variety of shape".[3]
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Weeping Elm (Ulmus glabra 'Horizontalis') in Fernhill Cemetery, New Brunswick.
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For comparison, Weeping Elm (Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii'), Prince Edward Island, Canada.
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Top of Ulmus glabra 'Horizontalis' in Royal Pavilion Gardens, Brighton, UK. Photo 1988
[edit] Pests and diseases
'Horizontalis' is not known to be any less susceptible to Dutch elm disease than the species.
[edit] Cultivation
The cultivar was first distributed in Germany by Booth of Hamburg, who bought the entire Perth stock. It was also known to have been marketed in Poland in the 19th century by the Ulrich nursery.[4] Warsaw. Introduced to North America, the cultivar can be also be found in a number of public gardens in Victoria, Australia. A row of four mature trees exists in London along Cheyne Walk, Chelsea.
[edit] Synonymy
- 'Tabletop Elm': Anon.
- Ulmus glabra 'Pendula' Anon.
- Ulmus montana (: glabra) var. decumbens: Masters, Hortus Duroverni, 67, 1831, name in synonymy.
- Ulmus montana (: glabra) var. pendula. Loddiges, (Hackney, London), Catalogue 1836, and Loudon, Arb. Frut. Brit. 3: 1398, 1838, also by Krüssmann in Parey Blumengartn. ed. 2, 1: 519, 1958, as a cultivar.
- Ulmus montana (: glabra) 'Parasol': Koch, Dendr. 2 (1): 417, 1872, name in synonymy.
- Ulmus pendulina: Sinclair, in Donn, Hortus Cantabrigensis ed. 12. 110, 1831, but without description.
[edit] Accessions
- North America
- Dawes Arboretum [3], Newark, Ohio. 2 trees, no acc. details available.
- Holden Arboretum. Acc. no. 55-1033 (as U. glabra 'Pendula').
- Morris Arboretum [4], University of Pennsylvania. Acc. no. 56-239-A
- Europe
- Arboretum de La Petite Loiterie [5], Monthodon, France. No details available
- Brighton & Hove City Council, UK, NCCPG elm collection [6]. Several trees, largest in Royal Pavilion Grounds.
- Dubrava Arboretum, Lithuania. No details available.
- Glen Mooar, Isle of Man, UK, One tree, no details available [5]
- Hortus Botanicus Nationalis, Salaspils, Latvia. Acc. nos. 18112, 18113, (as U. glabra 'Pendula').
- Linnaean Gardens of Uppsala, Finland. Acc. nos. 1976-1051, 1974-1111, 1977-1092 (as forma pendula, and 'Pendula' resp.).
- Rathmullen House, County Donegal, Ireland. One tree, 6 m high, 103 cm d.b.h. in 2000.[5]
- Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, Ampfield, Hampshire, UK; acc. no. 1977.5056
- Strona Arboretum Ulmus lamellosa, University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. Listed as Ulmus glabra 'Pendula'
- Tallinn Botanic Garden, Estonia [7]. Listed as 'Pendula'; no accession details available.
- University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Listed as Ulmus glabra 'Pendula'; no accession details available.
[edit] Australasia
- Ballarat Botanical Gardens. One tree listed on the Significant Tree Register of the National Trust.
- Eastwoodhill Arboretum [8], Gisborne, New Zealand. 2 trees, details not known.
- Hascombe, Mount Macedon. 100 years old (2009).
[edit] Nurseries
[edit] North America
None known.
[edit] Europe
- Arboretum Waasland [9], Nieuwkerken-Waas, Belgium, (as U. glabra 'Pendula').
- Boomwekerijen 'De Batterijen', Ochten, Netherlands [10] (as Ulmus glabra Pendula)
- Dulford Nurseries, Cullompton, Devon, UK [11] (as Ulmus glabra 'Pendula')
- UmbraFlor [12], Spello, Italy (as Ulmus montana 'Pendula')
- Westerveld Boomkwekerij B.V.[13], Opheusden, The Netherlands (as Ulmus glabra 'Pendula').
[edit] Australasia
[edit] References
- ^ Green, P. S. (1964). Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus. Arnoldia Vol. 24, Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University. [1]
- ^ Elwes, H. J. & Henry, A. (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol. VII. pp 1848-1929. Private publication [2]
- ^ Nicholson, George, (Ed.), (1888). The Illustrated Dictionary of Gardening - A practical scientific encyclopedia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists. Upcott-Gill, London.
- ^ Ulrich, C. (1894), Katalog Drzew i Krezewow, C. Ulrich, Rok 1893-94, Warszawa
- ^ a b Johnson, O. (Ed.)(2003). Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland. Whittet Books.
