Underwood Typewriter Company

Underwood Typewriter Company
Type	Private company
Industry	Business machines
Founded	1895
Founder(s)	John T. Underwood
Headquarters	New York City, New York, USA
Key people	Franz X. Wagner,; "Front strike" Inventor; John T. Underwood,; Namesake/founder
Products	Typewriters

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

The Underwood Typewriter Company was a manufacturer of typewriters headquartered in New York City, New York. Underwood produced what is considered the first widely successful, modern typewriter.^[1] By 1939, Underwood had produced five million machines.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] History

Woman with an Underwood typewriter, c. 1918

From 1874 the Underwood family made typewriter ribbon and carbon paper, and were among a number of firms who produced these goods for Remington. When Remington decided to start producing ribbons themselves, the Underwoods decided to get into the business of manufacturing typewriters.^{[citation needed]}

The original Underwood typewriter was invented by German-American Franz Xaver Wagner, who showed it to entrepreneur John Thomas Underwood. Underwood supported Wagner and bought the company, recognising the importance of the machine. Underwood No. 1 and No. 2s, made between 1896 and 1900, had "Wagner Typewriter Co." printed on the back.^{[citation needed]}

When the company was in its heyday as the world's largest typewriter manufacturer, its factory at Hartford, Connecticut was turning out typewriters at the rate of one each minute.

Underwood started adding addition and subtraction devices to their typewriters in about 1910.

In the years before World War II, Underwood built the world's largest type writer in an attempt to promote itself. The typewriter was on display at Garden Pier in Atlantic City, New Jersey for several years and attracted large crowds. Often, Underwood would have a young woman sitting on each of the large keys. The enormous typewriter was scrapped for metal when the war started.^[2] In December 1927 the Underwood Typewriter Co. merged with the Elliott-Fischer Co. to Underwood-Elliott-Fischer Co.^[3]

During World War II Underwood produced M1 carbines for the war effort.

Olivetti bought a controlling interest in Underwood in 1959, and completed the merger in October 1963, becoming known in the US as Olivetti-Underwood with headquarters in New York City, and entering the electromechanical calculator business. The Underwood name last appeared on Olivetti portable typewriters produced in Spain in the 80s.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Underwood in pop culture

Underwood Typewriter Company, ca. 1915

The episode of Between the Lions "Clickety Clack, Clickety Clack" used an Underwood typewriter.
In the 1991 Coen brothers film Barton Fink, John Turturro's character Barton uses an Underwood typewriter in response to Jack Warner's comment that screenwriters are "Schmucks with Underwoods."
"Actors? Schmucks. Screenwriters? Schmucks with Underwoods." - attributed to Jack Warner^[4]
In the 2000 film, He Died with a Felafel in His Hand directed by Richard Lowenstein, the character Danny (Noah Taylor) defends his use of an Underwood to a pair of debt collectors.
In the 2002 Stephen Spielberg film Catch Me If You Can, Carl Hanratty shows Frank Abagnale a forged check, which he says was made with "a stencil machine and an Underwood".
An Underwood typewriter is featured on Fionn Regan's 2006 album The End of History.
The poem Underwood Girls by Pedro Salinas is a modernist description of the typewriter's letters as an ode to the potential of words and potential of creationism in the language through the work of the symbols.^{[citation needed]}
An Underwood typewriter is used by the main character in the 2001 musical film Moulin Rouge!
The main character in the television show Murder, She Wrote, Jessica Fletcher began her writing career using an Underwood Typewriter.
William Faulkner used an Underwood typewriter.
F. Scott Fitzgerald used an Underwood typewriter.
An Underwood typewriter is also used by Joan Crawford's character, Blanche Hudson, in the 1962 film Whatever Happened to Baby Jane?
David James Duncan features a scene in his book The Brothers K in which the main character places a piece of wood on top of an Underwood No.5 to make it type better.
In To Kill a Mockingbird, the character "Mr. Underwood" is known to type on a typewriter all day long.
A book entitled Atop an Underwood: Early Stories and Other Writings was printed by the Viking Press in 1991 and is an anthology of American Beat writer Jack Kerouac's early work.
An Underwood typewriter is featured in the Australian cartoon film Mary and Max, in which Max, in New York City, used an Underwood to write to Mary, in Australia.
In the video game BioShock all typewriters in the game bear the comical name "Below Tree," of course referencing the famous Underwood brand.
KPH Consulting started their business in a garage with only one Underwood typewriter.
The stop-motion animation film Mary and Max features a fully functioning miniature Underwood typewriter prop.
Ukrainian rock band Undervud named after typewriter owned by one of its founder, Maksym Kucherenko^[5]

[edit] Gallery

William Faulkner's Underwood Universal Portable in his office at Rowan Oak, which is now maintained by the University of Mississippi in Oxford as a museum.
A student's portable underwood 255 manufactured circa 1977 in Japan
The Underwood Touch-Master 5 was among the last desktop models produced at the Underwood factory in the early 60s
Underwood No. 5, in the collection of The Children's Museum of Indianapolis
During World War II Underwood produced M1 Carbines for the War Department.