Army National Guard

Army National Guard
Army National Guard
	; Seal of the Army National Guard
Active	As state-funded militia under various names: 1636–1903; As federal reserve forces called the Army National Guard: 1903–present
Country	United States of America
Branch	United States Army
Size	358,391
Part of	U.S. Department of the Army
Garrison/HQ	Arlington Hall; Arlington County, Virginia, U.S.
Commanders
Director of the Army National Guard	LTG William E. Ingram, Jr., USA
Chief, National Guard Bureau	GEN Frank J. Grass, USA

Officially established in 1903 under the Militia Act, Title 10 and Title 32 of the U.S. Code, the Army National Guard is part of the National Guard of the United States and is divided up into subordinate units stationed in each of the 50 states, three territories and the District of Columbia operating under their respective governors.^[1] The Army National Guard may be called up for active duty by the state governors or territorial commanding generals to help respond to domestic emergencies and disasters, such as those caused by hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes.^[1]

With the consent of state governors, members or units of the Army National Guard may be appointed, temporarily or indefinitely, to be federally recognized armed force members, in the active or inactive service of the United States.^[2]^[3] If federally recognized, the member or unit becomes part of the Army National Guard of the United States,^[4]^[5]^[6] which is a reserve component of the United States Army,^[4] and part of the National Guard.^[4]

Army National Guard units or members may be called up for federal active duty in times of Congressionally sanctioned war or national emergency.^[1] The President may also call up members and units of state Army National Guard, with the consent of state governors, to repel invasion, suppress rebellion, or execute federal laws if the United States or any of its states or territories are invaded or is in danger of invasion by a foreign nation, or if there's a rebellion or danger of a rebellion against the authority of the federal government, or if the President is unable with the regular armed forces to execute the laws of the United States.^[7] Because both state Army National Guard and the Army National Guard of the United States relatively go hand-in-hand, they are both usually referred to as just Army National Guard.

Unlike Army Reserve members, National Guard members cannot be mobilized individually (except through voluntary transfers and Temporary Duty Assignments (TDY)), but only as part of their respective units. However, there has been a significant amount of individual activations to support military operations (2001 onwards).^{[citation needed]}

History [edit]

The Army National Guard traces its origins back into American colonies as far back as 13 December 1636.^[8] The official founding of the group was in 1903 through the Dick Act; a reorganization of militias following the Spanish–American War.

During World War I, the National Guard provided 40% of the US Army's combat forces. Guard membership doubled in 1940, and provided 19 divisions during World War II, of which the National Guard units were among the first to deploy overseas and the first to fight.^[8]

For much of the final decades of the twentieth century, National Guard personnel typically served "One weekend a month, two weeks a year", with a portion working for the Guard in a full-time capacity. The current forces formation plans of the US Army call for the typical National Guard unit (or National Guardsman) to serve one year of active duty for every three years of service. More specifically, current Department of Defense policy is that no Guardsman will be involuntarily activated for a total of more than 24 months (cumulative) in one six year enlistment period (this policy is due to change 1 August 2007, the new policy states that soldiers will be given 24 months between deployments of no more than 24 months, individual states have differing policies).

Twenty-first century reorganization [edit]

The Army National Guard is reorganizing into 28 brigade combat teams (reduced from 32) and 78 support brigades as a part of the Army's transformation plan. When the reorganization is complete, brigades will consist of 3,000 to 4,000 soldiers.

There are eight Army National Guard divisions. The following is a partial list of the planned end-state organization of the Army National Guard, and includes those brigade and division-level units undergoing transformation as part of the U.S. Army plan. The Brigade elements listed with Divisions represent Training and Readiness Oversight alignment and do not necessarily denote organic control.

Directors of the Army National Guard [edit]

Upon the creation of the United States Air Force in 1948, which included the Air National Guard, the National Guard Bureau was organized into two divisions, Army and Air, each headed by a Major General who reported to the Chief of the National Guard Bureau. The following is a list of the Dirctors of the Army National Guard since the creation of the position:

MG Raymond H. Fleming, 1948-1950
MG William H. Abendroth, 1951-1955
MG Donald W. McGowan, 1955-1959
MG Clayton P. Kerr, 1959-1962
BG Francis S. Greenlief, 1962-1963
BG Charles L. Southward, 1964-1967
BG Leonard C. Ward, 1968-1970
MG Francis S. Greenlief, 1970-1971
MG La Vern E. Weber, 1971-1974
MG Charles A. Ott, Jr., 1974-1978
MG Emmett H. Walker, Jr., 1978-1982
MG Herbert R. Temple, Jr., 1982-1986
MG Donald Burdick, 1986-1991
MG Raymond F. Rees, 1991-1992
MG John R. D'Araujo, Jr., 1993-1995
MG William A. Navas, Jr., 1995-1998
LTG Roger C. Schultz, 1998-2005^[9]
LTG Clyde A. Vaughn, 2005-2009^[10]
MG Raymond W. Carpenter (Acting), 2009-2011^[11]
LTG William E. Ingram, Jr., 2011-Present^[12]

The Army National Guard is also authorized a Deputy Director. The individuals who have held this post since 1970 are:

BG Leonard C. Ward, 1970-1972

BG Joseph R. Jelinek, 1973-1976

BG Emmett H. Walker, Jr., 1977

BG Herbert R. Temple, Jr., 1978-1981

BG Richard D. Dean, 1982-1986

BG William A. Navas, Jr., 1987-1990

BG John R. D'Araujo, Jr., 1990-1993

BG William C. Bilo, 1993-1997

BG Michael J. Squier, 1998-2002

BG Clyde A. Vaughn, 2002-2003

MG Frank J. Grass, 2004-2006

MG James W. Nuttall, 2006-2009

MG Raymond W. Carpenter, 2009

MG Timothy J. Kadavy, 2009-Present

Divisions [edit]

28th Infantry Division (PA ARNG, MD ARNG, NJ ARNG, OH ARNG)

29th Infantry Division (VA ARNG, MD ARNG, NC ARNG, WV ARNG, FL ARNG)

34th Infantry Division (MN ARNG, IA ARNG, WI ARNG, ID ARNG, MT ARNG, OR ARNG, ND ARNG)

35th Infantry Division (KS ARNG, NE ARNG, IL ARNG, AR ARNG, GA ARNG, MO ARNG, UT ARNG)

36th Infantry Division (TX ARNG, OK ARNG, MS ARNG, KS ARNG, CO ARNG, LA ARNG)

38th Infantry Division (IN ARNG, MI ARNG, OH ARNG, TN ARNG)

40th Infantry Division (CA ARNG, HI ARNG, AZ ARNG, WA ARNG, OR ARNG)

42nd Infantry Division (NY ARNG, NJ ARNG, VT ARNG, ME ARNG, MA ARNG, NH ARNG, RI ARNG)

Theater-level support organizations [edit]

Maneuver Enhancement Brigades [edit]

Battlefield Surveillance Brigades [edit]

Sustainment Brigades [edit]

Fires (Field Artillery) Brigades [edit]

Functional Brigades [edit]

Troop Commands [edit]

Area Support Groups [edit]

Regional Support Groups [edit]

Theater aviation assets [edit]

66th Theater Aviation Command

185th Aviation Brigade (Theater)

449th Theater Aviation Brigade

204th Theater Airfield Operations Group

11th Theater Aviation Command

77th Aviation Brigade (Theater)

63rd Theater Aviation Brigade

Legacy units and formations [edit]

The following units were affected by the Army National Guard transformation, but are no longer active.

49th Armored Division deactivated 1 May 2004; reflagged as the 36th Infantry Division.