United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois

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United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois
(N.D. Ill.)
Map
The Dirksen Federal Building in Chicago, one of four locations where the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois holds sessions.
The Dirksen Federal Building in Chicago, one of four locations where the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois holds sessions.
Appeals to Seventh Circuit
Established February 13, 1855
Judges assigned 22
Chief judge James F. Holderman
Official site

The United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (in case citations, N.D. Ill.) is the trial-level court with jurisdiction over the northern counties of Illinois.

Appeals from the Northern District of Illinois are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The court is divided into two geographical divisions:

The eastern division includes Cook, DuPage, Grundy, Kane, Kendall, La Salle, Lake, and Will counties. Its sessions are held in Chicago and Wheaton.

The western division includes Boone, Carroll, De Kalb, Jo Daviess, Lee, McHenry, Ogle, Stephenson, Whiteside, and Winnebago. Its sessions are held in Freeport and Rockford.

Contents

History [edit]

The United States District Court for the District of Illinois was established by a statute passed by the United States Congress on March 3, 1819, 3 Stat. 502.[1][2] The act established a single office for a judge to preside over the court. Initially, the court was not within any existing judicial circuit, and appeals from the court were taken directly to the United States Supreme Court. In 1837, Congress created the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, placing it in Chicago, Illinois and giving it jurisdiction over the District of Illinois, 5 Stat. 176.[2]

The Northern District itself was created by a statute passed on February 13, 1855, 10 Stat. 606, which subdivided the District of Illinois into the Northern and the Southern Districts.[2] The boundaries of the District and the seats of the courts were set forth in the statute:

“ The counties of Hancock, McDonough, Peoria, Woodford, Livingston, and Iroquois, and all the counties in the said State north of them, shall compose one district, to be called the northern district of Illinois, and courts shall be held for the said district at the city of Chicago; and the residue of the counties of the said State shall compose another district, to be called the southern district of Illinois, and courts shall be held for the same at the city of Springfield. ”

The district has since been re-organized several times. The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Illinois was created on March 3, 1905 by 33 Stat. 992,[2] by splitting counties out of the Northern and Southern Districts. It was later eliminated in a reorganization on October 2, 1978 which replaced it with a Central District, 92 Stat. 883,[2] formed primarily from parts of the Southern District, and returning some counties to the Northern District.

The Illinois Northern District, which contains the entire Chicago metropolitan area, accounts for 1531 of the 1828 public corruption convictions in Illinois between 1976 and 2012, almost 84%, making it the federal district with the most public corruption convictions in the nation between 1976 and 2012.[3]

Current judges [edit]

# Title Judge Duty station Born Term of service Appointed by
Active Chief Senior
54 Chief District Judge James F. Holderman Chicago 1946 1985–present 2006–present — Reagan
53 District Judge Charles Ronald Norgle, Sr. Chicago 1937 1984–present — — Reagan
58 District Judge James Zagel Chicago 1941 1987–present — — Reagan
65 District Judge Ruben Castillo Chicago 1954 1994–present — — Clinton
71 District Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer Chicago 1954 1998–present — — Clinton
73 District Judge Matthew F. Kennelly Chicago 1956 1999–present — — Clinton
74 District Judge Ronald A. Guzman Chicago 1948 1999–present — — Clinton
76 District Judge John W. Darrah Chicago 1938 2000–present — — Clinton
77 District Judge Amy J. St. Eve Chicago 1965 2002–present — — G.W. Bush
78 District Judge Samuel Der-Yeghiayan Chicago 1952 2003–present — — G.W. Bush
80 District Judge Virginia Mary Kendall Chicago 1962 2006–present — — G.W. Bush
81 District Judge Frederick J. Kapala Rockford 1960 2007–present — — G.W. Bush
82 District Judge Robert Michael Dow Jr. Chicago 1965 2007–present — — G.W. Bush
83 District Judge Gary Feinerman Chicago 1965 2010–present — — Obama
84 District Judge Coleman, Sharon J.Sharon J. Coleman Chicago 1960 2010–present — — Obama
85 District Judge Chang, Edmond E.Edmond E. Chang Chicago 1970 2010–present — — Obama
86 District Judge John Z. Lee Chicago 1968 2012–present — — Obama
87 District Judge John J. Tharp, Jr. Chicago 1960 2012–present — — Obama
88 District Judge Thomas M. Durkin Chicago 1953 2012–present — — Obama
89 District Judge (Seat Vacant) (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) (n/a)
90 District Judge (Seat Vacant) (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) (n/a)
91 District Judge (Seat Vacant) (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) (n/a)
39 Senior District Judge John Francis Grady Chicago 1929 1975–1994 — 1994–present Ford
45 Senior District Judge Marvin E. Aspen Chicago 1934 1979–2002 1995–2002 2002–present Carter
46 Senior District Judge Milton Irving Shadur Chicago 1924 1980–1992 — 1992–present Carter
47 Senior District Judge Charles Petros Kocoras Chicago 1938 1980–2006 2002–2006 2006–present Carter
49 Senior District Judge John Albert Nordberg Chicago 1926 1982–1994 — 1994–present Reagan
50 Senior District Judge William Thomas Hart Chicago 1929 1982–1996 — 1996–present Reagan
51 Senior District Judge Paul Edward Plunkett inactive 1935 1982–1998 — 1998–present Reagan
57 Senior District Judge Harry Daniel Leinenweber Chicago 1937 1985–2002 — 2002–present Reagan
60 Senior District Judge Suzanne B. Conlon Chicago 1939 1988–2004 — 2004–present Reagan
61 Senior District Judge George Michael Marovich Chicago 1931 1988–2000 — 2000–present Reagan
62 Senior District Judge George Wakem Lindberg Chicago 1932 1989–2001 — 2001–present G.H.W. Bush
64 Senior District Judge Philip Godfrey Reinhard Rockford 1941 1992–2007 — 2007–present G.H.W. Bush
66 Senior District Judge Blanche M. Manning Chicago 1934 1994–2010 — 2010–present Clinton
68 Senior District Judge Robert William Gettleman Chicago 1943 1994–2009 — 2009–present Clinton
69 Senior District Judge Elaine E. Bucklo Chicago 1944 1994–2009 — 2009–present Clinton
70 Senior District Judge Joan B. Gottschall Chicago 1947 1996–2012 — 2012–present Clinton
75 Senior District Judge Joan Lefkow Chicago 1944 2000–2012 — 2012–present Clinton

Vacancies [edit]

Prior
incumbent		 Date of
vacancy		 Reason Nominee Date
nominated
Hibbler, William J.William J. Hibbler 02012-03-19March 19, 2012 Death Wood, Andrea R.Andrea R. Wood 02013-05-06May 6, 2013
Gottschall, Joan B.Joan B. Gottschall 02012-04-23April 23, 2012 Senior Ellis, Sara L.Sara L. Ellis 02013-05-06May 6, 2013
Lefkow, JoanJoan Lefkow 02012-09-01September 1, 2012 Senior None N/A

Former Judges [edit]

Chief Judge
Barnes 1948–1957
Sullivan 1957–1959
Campbell 1959–1970
Robson 1970–1975
Parsons 1975–1981
McGarr 1981–1986
Grady 1986–1990
Moran 1990–1995
Aspen 1995-2002
Kocoras 2002–2006
Holderman 2006–present
# Judge Appointed by Began active
service		 Ended active
service		 Ended senior
status		 End reason
70001000000000000001 Drummond, ThomasThomas Drummond Taylor, ZacharyZachary Taylor 01850-02-19February 19, 1850 01869-12-22December 22, 1869 – reappointment
70002000000000000002 Blodgett, Henry WilliamsHenry Williams Blodgett Grant, Ulysses S.Ulysses S. Grant 01870-01-11January 11, 1870 01892-12-05December 5, 1892 – retirement
70003000000000000003 Grosscup, Peter StengerPeter Stenger Grosscup Harrison, BenjaminBenjamin Harrison 01892-12-20December 20, 1892 01899-02-01February 1, 1899 – reappointment
70004000000000000004 Kohlsaat, Christian CecilChristian Cecil Kohlsaat McKinley, WilliamWilliam McKinley 01899-02-28February 28, 1899 01905-03-24March 24, 1905 – reappointment
70005000000000000005 Bethea, Solomon HicksSolomon Hicks Bethea Roosevelt, TheodoreTheodore Roosevelt 01905-03-18March 18, 1905 01909-08-03August 3, 1909 – death
70006000000000000006 Landis, Kenesaw MountainKenesaw Mountain Landis Roosevelt, TheodoreTheodore Roosevelt 01905-03-18March 18, 1905 01922-02-28February 28, 1922 – resignation
70007000000000000007 Carpenter, George AlbertGeorge Albert Carpenter Taft, William HowardWilliam Howard Taft 01910-01-11January 11, 1910 01933-06-30June 30, 1933 – resignation
70008000000000000008 Wilkerson, James HerbertJames Herbert Wilkerson Harding, Warren G.Warren G. Harding 01922-07-18July 18, 1922 01940-12-31December 31, 1940 01948-09-30September 30, 1948 death
70009000000000000009 Cliffe, Adam C.Adam C. Cliffe Harding, Warren G.Warren G. Harding 01922-12-22December 22, 1922 01928-06-12June 12, 1928 – death
700110000000000000010 Woodward, Charles EdgarCharles Edgar Woodward Coolidge, CalvinCalvin Coolidge 01929-03-02March 2, 1929 01942-05-15May 15, 1942 – death
700111000000000000011 Barnes, John PeterJohn Peter Barnes Hoover, HerbertHerbert Hoover 01931-03-04March 4, 1931 01957-09-15September 15, 1957 01958-12-31December 31, 1958 resignation
700112000000000000012 Johnson, George E. Q.George E. Q. Johnson Hoover, HerbertHerbert Hoover 01932-08-03August 3, 1932[4] 01933-03-03March 3, 1933 – not confirmed
700113000000000000013 Holly, William HarrisonWilliam Harrison Holly Roosevelt, Franklin D.Franklin D. Roosevelt 01933-11-08November 8, 1933[5] 01943-12-31December 31, 1943 01958-01-30January 30, 1958 death
700114000000000000014 Sullivan, Philip LeoPhilip Leo Sullivan Roosevelt, Franklin D.Franklin D. Roosevelt 01933-11-08November 8, 1933[5] 01960-06-12June 12, 1960 – death
700115000000000000015 Igoe, Michael L.Michael L. Igoe Roosevelt, Franklin D.Franklin D. Roosevelt 01938-11-21November 21, 1938[6] 01965-08-31August 31, 1965 01967-08-21August 21, 1967 death
700116000000000000016 Campbell, William JosephWilliam Joseph Campbell Roosevelt, Franklin D.Franklin D. Roosevelt 01940-10-10October 10, 1940 01970-03-19March 19, 1970 01988-10-19October 19, 1988 death
700117000000000000017 LaBuy, Walter J.Walter J. LaBuy Roosevelt, Franklin D.Franklin D. Roosevelt 01944-03-31March 31, 1944 01961-01-31January 31, 1961 01967-09-29September 29, 1967 death
700118000000000000018 Shaw, Elwyn RileyElwyn Riley Shaw Roosevelt, Franklin D.Franklin D. Roosevelt 01944-05-09May 9, 1944 01950-07-18July 18, 1950 – death
700119000000000000019 Perry, Joseph SamJoseph Sam Perry Truman, Harry S.Harry S. Truman 01951-08-22August 22, 1951 01971-11-29November 29, 1971 01984-02-18February 18, 1984 death
700120000000000000020 Hoffman, JuliusJulius Hoffman Eisenhower, Dwight D.Dwight D. Eisenhower 01953-05-14May 14, 1953 01972-02-03February 3, 1972 01983-07-01July 1, 1983 death
700121000000000000021 Knoch, Winfred GeorgeWinfred George Knoch Eisenhower, Dwight D.Dwight D. Eisenhower 01953-05-14May 14, 1953 01958-09-14September 14, 1958 – reappointment
700122000000000000022 Miner, Julius HowardJulius Howard Miner Eisenhower, Dwight D.Dwight D. Eisenhower 01958-02-27February 27, 1958 01963-03-13March 13, 1963 – death
700123000000000000023 Robson, Edwin AlbertEdwin Albert Robson Eisenhower, Dwight D.Dwight D. Eisenhower 01958-09-29September 29, 1958[7] 01975-04-16April 16, 1975 01986-10-21October 21, 1986 death
700124000000000000024 Austin, Richard BevanRichard Bevan Austin Kennedy, John F.John F. Kennedy 01961-08-15August 15, 1961 01975-10-10October 10, 1975 01977-02-07February 7, 1977 death
700125000000000000025 Parsons, James BentonJames Benton Parsons Kennedy, John F.John F. Kennedy 01961-08-30August 30, 1961 01981-08-30August 30, 1981 01993-06-19June 19, 1993 death
700126000000000000026 Will, Hubert LouisHubert Louis Will Kennedy, John F.John F. Kennedy 01961-09-22September 22, 1961 01979-04-23April 23, 1979 01995-12-09December 9, 1995 death
700127000000000000027 Decker, Bernard MartinBernard Martin Decker Kennedy, John F.John F. Kennedy 01962-12-12December 12, 1962[8] 01980-04-02April 2, 1980 01993-11-03November 3, 1993 death
700128000000000000028 Marovitz, Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln Marovitz Kennedy, John F.John F. Kennedy 01963-10-02October 2, 1963 01975-08-10August 10, 1975 02001-03-17March 17, 2001 death
700129000000000000029 Lynch, William JosephWilliam Joseph Lynch Johnson, Lyndon B.Lyndon B. Johnson 01966-03-07March 7, 1966 01976-08-09August 9, 1976 – death
700130000000000000030 Napoli, Alexander J.Alexander J. Napoli Johnson, Lyndon B.Lyndon B. Johnson 01966-09-21September 21, 1966 01972-07-12July 12, 1972 – death
700131000000000000031 McGarr, Frank JamesFrank James McGarr Nixon, RichardRichard Nixon 01970-10-14October 14, 1970 01986-06-30June 30, 1986 01988-01-15January 15, 1988 retirement
700132000000000000032 McMillen, Thomas RobertsThomas Roberts McMillen Nixon, RichardRichard Nixon 01971-04-23April 23, 1971 01984-12-31December 31, 1984 01985-09-08September 8, 1985 retirement
700133000000000000033 Bauer, William JosephWilliam Joseph Bauer Nixon, RichardRichard Nixon 01971-11-10November 10, 1971 01975-01-03January 3, 1975 – reappointment
700134000000000000034 McLaren, Richard WellingtonRichard Wellington McLaren Nixon, RichardRichard Nixon 01972-01-26January 26, 1972 01976-02-25February 25, 1976 – death
700135000000000000035 Tone, Philip WillisPhilip Willis Tone Nixon, RichardRichard Nixon 01972-01-26January 26, 1972 01974-05-17May 17, 1974 – reappointment
700136000000000000036 Marshall, PrenticePrentice Marshall Nixon, RichardRichard Nixon 01973-07-18July 18, 1973 01988-10-19October 19, 1988 01996-04-15April 15, 1996 retirement
700137000000000000037 Flaum, Joel MartinJoel Martin Flaum Ford, GeraldGerald Ford 01974-12-20December 20, 1974 01983-06-01June 1, 1983 – reappointment
700138000000000000038 Kirkland, Sr., Alfred YoungesAlfred Younges Kirkland, Sr. Ford, GeraldGerald Ford 01974-12-21December 21, 1974 01979-04-30April 30, 1979 02004-03-19March 19, 2004 death
700140000000000000040 Leighton, George NevesGeorge Neves Leighton Ford, GeraldGerald Ford 01976-02-04February 4, 1976 01987-12-01December 1, 1987 – retirement
700141000000000000041 Crowley, John PowersJohn Powers Crowley Ford, GeraldGerald Ford 01976-06-16June 16, 1976 01981-06-30June 30, 1981 – resignation
700142000000000000042 Roszkowski, Stanley JulianStanley Julian Roszkowski Carter, JimmyJimmy Carter 01977-10-11October 11, 1977 01991-01-09January 9, 1991 01998-01-31January 31, 1998 retirement
700143000000000000043 Bua, Nicholas JohnNicholas John Bua Carter, JimmyJimmy Carter 01977-10-11October 11, 1977 01991-11-04November 4, 1991 – retirement
700144000000000000044 Moran, James ByronJames Byron Moran Carter, JimmyJimmy Carter 01979-07-24July 24, 1979 01995-06-30June 30, 1995 02009-04-21April 21, 2009 death
700148000000000000048 Getzendanner, Susan Christine O'MearaSusan Christine O'Meara Getzendanner Carter, JimmyJimmy Carter 01980-09-30September 30, 1980 01987-09-30September 30, 1987 – resignation
700152000000000000052 Rovner, IlanaIlana Rovner Reagan, RonaldRonald Reagan 01984-09-12September 12, 1984 01992-08-17August 17, 1992 – reappointment
700155000000000000055 Williams, Ann ClaireAnn Claire Williams Reagan, RonaldRonald Reagan 01985-04-04April 4, 1985 01999-11-17November 17, 1999 – reappointment
700156000000000000056 Duff, Brian BarnettBrian Barnett Duff Reagan, RonaldRonald Reagan 01985-10-17October 17, 1985 01996-10-10October 10, 1996 – resignation
700159000000000000059 Alesia, James HenryJames Henry Alesia Reagan, RonaldRonald Reagan 01987-05-20May 20, 1987 01998-02-01February 1, 1998 02003-07-24July 24, 2003 death
700163000000000000063 Andersen, Wayne R.Wayne R. Andersen Bush, George H. W.George H. W. Bush 01991-11-18November 18, 1991 02010-07-31July 31, 2010 – retirement
700167000000000000067 Coar, DavidDavid Coar Clinton, BillBill Clinton 01994-10-07October 7, 1994 02009-08-12August 12, 2009 02010-12-31December 31, 2010 retirement
700172000000000000072 Hibbler, William J.William J. Hibbler Clinton, BillBill Clinton 01999-04-22April 22, 1999 02012-03-19March 19, 2012 – death
700179000000000000079 Filip, MarkMark Filip Bush, George W.George W. Bush 02004-02-08February 8, 2004 02008-03-09March 9, 2008 – resignation

United States Attorney [edit]

The United States Attorney's Office for the Northern District of Illinois represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. Patrick Fitzgerald was the most recent U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois, having served from September 1, 2001 to June 30, 2012.[9] Gary S. Shapiro currently serves as Acting U.S. Attorney.[10] On Monday, December 3, 2012, according to an online Associated Press news article from the Peoria Journal Star, the two U.S. Senators for the state of Illinois, Democrat Senate Majority Whip Dick Durbin and Republican Mark Kirk, have recommended four names to President Barack Obama, so that one of them can perhaps be nominated by Obama and confirmed by the Senate. Their names are: Jonathan Bunge (former prosecutor now in private practice in corporate litigations and investigations), Zachary Fardon (now in private practice after working as a prosecutor in Illinois and Tennessee), Lori Lightfoot (in private practice after serving as Director of the Chicago Police Department's Office of Professional Standards), and Gil Soffer (former prosecutor who now focuses on white collar crime).[11]

Succession of seats [edit]

Seat 1
Established on February 13, 1855 by 10 Stat. 606
Drummond 1855–1869
Blodgett 1870–1892
Grosscup 1892–1899
Kohlsaat 1899–1905
Bethea 1905–1909
Carpenter 1910–1933
Holly 1933–1943
LaBuy 1944–1961
Austin 1961–1975
Crowley 1976–1981
Hart 1982–1996
Pallmeyer 1998–present
Seat 2
Established on March 3, 1905 by 33 Stat. 992
Landis 1905–1922
Wilkerson 1922–1940
Seat abolished on December 31, 1940 (Temporary judgeship expired)
Seat 3
Established on September 14, 1922 by 42 Stat. 837 (temporary)
Cliffe 1922–1928
Seat made permanent on May 29, 1928 by 45 Stat. 974
Woodward 1929–1942
Shaw 1944–1950
Perry 1951–1971
Bauer 1971–1974
Kirkland, Sr. 1974–1979
Kocoras 1980–2006
Dow, Jr. 2007–present
Seat 4
Established on February 25, 1931 by 46 Stat. 1417
Barnes 1931–1957
Miner 1958–1963
Marovitz 1963–1975
Leighton 1976–1987
Alesia 1987–1998
Hibbler 1999–2012
vacant 2012–present
Seat 5
Established on February 25, 1931 by 46 Stat. 1417
Johnson 1932–1933
Sullivan 1933–1960
Parsons 1961–1981
Plunkett 1982–1998
Kennelly 1999–present
Seat 6
Established on May 31, 1938 by 52 Stat. 584
Igoe 1938–1965
Lynch 1966–1976
Bua 1977–1991
Castillo 1994–present
Seat 7
Established on May 24, 1940 by 54 Stat. 219 (temporary)
Seat became permanent upon the abolishment of Seat 2 on December 31, 1940
Campbell 1940–1970
McMillen 1971–1984
Conlon 1988–2004
Kendall 2006–present
Seat 8
Established on August 14, 1950 by 64 Stat. 443
Hoffman 1953–1972
McLaren 1972–1976
Roszkowski 1977–1991
Anderson 1991–2010
vacant 2010–present
Seat 9
Established on August 14, 1950 by 64 Stat. 443
Knoch 1953–1958
Robson 1959–1975
Grady 1975–1994
Gettleman 1994–2009
Feinerman 2010–present
Seat 10
Established on May 19, 1961 by 75 Stat. 80
Will 1961–1979
Shadur 1980–1992
Manning 1994–2010
Tharp, Jr. 2011–present
Seat 11
Established on May 19, 1961 by 75 Stat. 80
Decker 1962–1980
Nordberg 1982–1994
Bucklo 1994–2009
Chang 2010–present
Seat 12
Established on March 18, 1966 by 80 Stat. 75
Napoli 1966–1972
Marshall 1973–1988
Lindberg 1989–2001
St. Eve 2002–present
Seat 13
Established on June 2, 1970 by 84 Stat. 294
McGarr 1970–1986
Zagel 1987–present
Seat 14
Established on June 2, 1970 by 84 Stat. 294
Tone 1972–1974
Flaum 1974–1983
Rovner 1984–1992
Coar 1994–2009
Lee 2012–present
Seat 15
Established on October 20, 1978 by 92 Stat. 1629
Moran 1979–1995
Gottschall 1996–2012
vacant 2012–present
Seat 16
Established on October 20, 1978 by 92 Stat. 1629
Aspen 1979–2002
Der-Yeghiayan 2003–present
Seat 17
Established on October 20, 1978 by 92 Stat. 1629
Getzendanner 1980–1987
Marovich 1988–2000
Darrah 2000–present
Seat 18
Established on July 10, 1984 by 98 Stat. 333
Norgle, Sr. 1984–present
Seat 19
Established on July 10, 1984 by 98 Stat. 333
Holderman 1985–present
Seat 20
Established on July 10, 1984 by 98 Stat. 333
Williams 1985–1999
Lefkow 2000–present
Seat 21
Established on July 10, 1984 by 98 Stat. 333
Duff 1985–1996
Guzman 1999–present
Seat 22
Established on July 10, 1984 by 98 Stat. 333 (temporary)
Seat made permanent on December 1, 1990 by 104 Stat. 5089
Leinenweber 1985–2002
Filip 2004–2008
Coleman 2010–present
Seat 23
Established on December 1, , 1990 by 104 Stat. 5089
Reinhard 1992–2007
Kapala 2007–present

See also [edit]

References [edit]

  1. ^ Asbury Dickens, A Synoptical Index to the Laws and Treaties of the United States of America (1852), p. 393.
  2. ^ a b c d e U.S. District Courts of Illinois, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
  3. ^ Simpson, Dick; Nowlan, James; Gradel, Thomas J.; Mouritsen Zmuda, Melissa; Sterrett, David; Cantor, Douglas (2012-02-15). Chicago and Illinois, Leading the Pack in Corruption; Anti-Corruption Report Number 5 (PDF). University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Political Science. Retrieved 2012-02-15. 
  4. ^ Recess appointment; the United States Senate later rejected the appointment.
  5. ^ a b Recess appointment; formally nominated on January 8, 1934, confirmed by the United States Senate on February 20, 1934, and received commission on March 1, 1934.
  6. ^ Recess appointment; formally nominated on January 5, 1939, confirmed by the United States Senate on February 9, 1939, and received commission on March 4, 1939.
  7. ^ Recess appointment; formally nominated on January 17, 1959, confirmed by the United States Senate on April 29, 1959, and received commission on April 30, 1959.
  8. ^ Recess appointment; formally nominated on January 15, 1963, confirmed by the United States Senate on March 28, 1963, and received commission on April 2, 1963.
  9. ^ "U.S. Attorney Patrick Fitzgerald stepping down June 30". Chicago Tribune. May 23, 2012. Retrieved November 1, 2012. 
  10. ^ Wisniewski, Mary (June 25, 2012). "Acting attorney named for Chicago after Fitzgerald leaves". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 1, 2012. 
  11. ^ http://www.pjstar.com/free/x1978613189/Durbin-Kirk-recommend-4-for-U-S-attorney

External links [edit]

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