United States House of Representatives elections, 1888

United States House of Representatives elections, 1888

1886 ← November 6, 1888 → 1890

All 332 seats to the United States House of Representatives 167 seats were needed for a majority   Majority party Minority party   Leader Thomas Reed John Carlisle Party Republican Democratic Leader's seat Maine-1st Kentucky-6th Last election 154 seats 167 seats Seats won 171 161 Seat change 17 6

Speaker before election John Carlisle Democratic Elected Speaker Thomas Reed Republican

Elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1888 were held to choose members of the 51st Congress, and were held at the same time as the election of President Benjamin Harrison.

Harrison's Republican Party gained a majority in the House at the expense of the Democratic Party, even though incumbent President Grover Cleveland actually received more votes than Harrison. The issue of tariffs played a key role in this election. The Democrats, with the support of farmers and laborers, wanted to lower tariffs in order to promote free trade, while the Republicans, backed by industry and big business, believed that higher tariffs were necessary to protect American manufacturing. Especially in industrializing regions, voters chose the Republican view on tariffs, as they gave the party a slim majority in the House.

Election summaries

Seven seats were added for the six new States of (in order of admission) North Dakota (1), South Dakota (2), Montana (1), Washington (1), Idaho (1), and Wyoming (1)

State	Type	Total seats	Republican		Democratic
			Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	District	8	0		8
Arkansas	District	5	0		5
California	District	6	4		2
Colorado	At-large	1	1		0
Connecticut	District	4	3	1	1	1
Delaware	At-large	1	0		1
Florida	District	2	0		2
Georgia	District	10	0		10
Illinois	District	20	13	1	7	1
Indiana	District	13	3	4	10	4
Iowa	District	11	10	1	1
Kansas	District	7	7		0
Kentucky	District	11	2	1	9	1
Louisiana	District	6	1	1	5	1
Maine	District	4	4		0
Maryland	District	6	2	1	4	1
Massachusetts	District	12	10	2	2	2
Michigan	District	11	9	3	2	3
Minnesota	District	5	5	3	0	3
Mississippi	District	7	0		7
Missouri	District	14	4	2	10	2
Nebraska	District	3	3	1	0	1
Nevada	At-large	1	1		0
New Hampshire	District	2	2	1	0	1
New Jersey	District	7	4	1	3	1
New York	District	34	19	1	15	1
North Carolina	District	9	3	2	6	2
Ohio	District	21	16	1	5	1
Oregon	At-large	1	1		0
Pennsylvania	District	28	21	1	7	1
Rhode Island	District	2	2		0
South Carolina	District	7	0		7
Tennessee	District	10	3	1	7	1
Texas	District	11	0		11
Vermont	District	2	2		0
Virginia	District	10	2	4	8	5
West Virginia	District	4	0	1	4	1
Wisconsin	District	9	7		2	1
1889 elections (New States)
Montana	At-large	1	1	1	0
North Dakota	At-large	1	1	1	0
South Dakota	At-large	2	2	2	0
Washington	At-large	1	1	1	0
1890 elections (New States)
Idaho	At-large	1	1	1	0
Wyoming	At-large	1	1	1	0
Total		332	171 51.5%	17	161 48.5%	6

Three states, with 7 seats between them, held elections early in 1888:

• June 6 Oregon
• September 4 Vermont
• September 10 Maine

The previous election had 4 third-party candidates, 2 Labor, 1 Greenback, and 1 Independent.

The States admitted in 1889 all held their first election on October 1. Wyoming's 1st election was held on September 11, 1890, for both the 51st Congress and the 52nd Congress. Idaho held two elections simultaneously on October 1, 1890, one for the 51st Congress and the other for the 52nd Congress.

House seats by party holding plurality in state   80+ to 100% Democratic   80+ to 100% Republican   60+ to 80% Democratic   60+ to 80% Republican   <=60% Democratic   <=60% Republican

6+ Democratic gain   6+ Republican gain   3 to 5 Democratic gain   3 to 5 Republican gain   1 to 2 Democratic gain   1 to 2 Republican gain   no net change

Complete returns

• D: Democratic
• I: Independent
• KN: Know-Nothing
• L: Labor
• Pr: Prohibition
• R: Republican
• S: Socialist

Arkansas

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Arkansas 1	Poindexter Dunn	Democratic	1878	Retired Democratic hold	William H. Cate (D) 51.9% Lewis P. Featherstone (L) 47.4% Others 0.6%
Arkansas 2	Clifton R. Breckinridge	Democratic	1882	Re-elected	Clifton R. Breckinridge (D) 51.2% John M. Clayton (R) 48.8%
Arkansas 3	Thomas C. McRae	Democratic	1884	Re-elected	Thomas C. McRae (D) 59.7% John Ansley (L) 40.3%
Arkansas 4	John H. Rogers	Democratic	1884	Re-elected	John H. Rogers (D) 57.8% Isaac McCacken (I) 42.2%
Arkansas 5	Samuel W. Peel	Democratic	1884	Re-elected	Samuel W. Peel (D) 68.9% Edward P. Watson (I) 22.0% John Gates (R) 9.1%

In the 1st district, initial returns showed William H. Cate (D) winning the election, but the election was contested by Lewis P. Featherstone (L), and on Mary 5, 1890, was declared the winner.

In the 2nd district, Clifton R. Breckinridge (D) was initially declared re-elected. John M. Clayton successfully contested the election, but was assassinated before the contest was complete, so the House declared the seat vacant. Breckinridge was then re-elected November 4, 1890 to finish the term.

California

Main article: United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1888

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
California 1	Thomas Larkin Thompson	Democratic	1886	Lost re-election Republican gain	John J. De Haven (R) 49.9% Thomas L. Thompson (D) 49% W. D. Reynolds (I) 1.1%
California 2	Marion Biggs	Democratic	1886	Re-elected	Marion Biggs (D) 50.6% John A. Eagon (R) 46.6% S. M. McLean (Pr) 2.4% J. F. McSwain (I) 0.4%
California 3	Joseph McKenna	Republican	1884	Re-elected	Joseph McKenna (R) 56.0% Ben Morgan (D) 41.2% W. W. Smith (Pr) 1.9% S. Solon Holl (I) 1.0%
California 4	William W. Morrow	Republican	1884	Re-elected	William W. Morrow (R) 50.8% Robert Ferral (D) 48.6% Frank M. Pixley (S) 0.6%
California 5	Charles N. Felton	Republican	1884	Retired Democratic gain	Thomas J. Clunie (D) 49.3% Timothy G. Phelps (R) 49.2% Henry French (I)
California 6	William Vandever	Republican	1886	Retired Republican hold	William Vandever (R) 52.5% Reel B. Terry (D) 43.7% J. G. Miller (Pr) 3.5% Alfred Daggett (KN) 0.2%

Florida

Main article: United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, 1888

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Florida 1	Robert H. M. Davidson	Democratic	1876	Re-elected	Robert H. M. Davidson (D) 67.1% H. R. Benjamin (R) 32.9%
Florida 2	Charles Dougherty	Democratic	1884	Retired Democratic hold	Robert Bullock (D) 53.5% Frederick S. Goodrich (R) 46.5%

Ohio

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Ohio 1	Benjamin Butterworth	Republican	1884	Re-elected	Benjamin Butterworth (R) 52.6% Otway Cosgrove (D) 47.4%
Ohio 2	Charles Elwood Brown	Republican	1884	Retired Republican hold	John A. Caldwell (R) 51.9% Clinton W. Gerard (D) 48.1%
Ohio 3	Elihu S. Williams	Republican	1886	Re-elected	Elihu S. Williams (R) 50.5% George W. Houk (D) 49.5%
Ohio 4	Samuel S. Yoder	Democratic	1886	Re-elected	Samuel S. Yoder (D) 60.6% Robert L. Mattingly (R) 39.4%
Ohio 5	George E. Seney	Democratic	1886	Re-elected	George E. Seney (D) 57.9% Wilson Vance (R) 42.1%
Ohio 6	Melvin M. Boothman	Republican	1886	Re-elected	Melvin M. Boothman (R) 50.1% Gaylord M. Saltzgaber (D) 49.9%
Ohio 7	James E. Campbell	Democratic	1886	Retired Republican gain	Henry Lee Morey (R) 51.2% John M. Pattison (D) 48.8%
Ohio 8	Robert P. Kennedy	Republican	1886	Re-elected	Robert P. Kennedy (R) 54.2% Andrew R. Bohn (D) 45.8%
Ohio 9	William C. Cooper	Republican	1884	Re-elected	William C. Cooper (R) 53.0% John S. Braddock (R) 47.0%
Ohio 10	Jacob Romeis	Republican	1884	Lost Re-election Democratic gain	William E. Haynes (D) 51.5% Jacob Romeis (R) 48.5%
Ohio 11	Albert C. Thompson	Republican	1886	Re-elected	Albert C. Thompson (R) 56.8% Joseph W. Shinn (D) 43.2%
Ohio 12	Jacob J. Pugsley	Republican	1886	Re-elected	Jacob J. Pugsley (R) 50.9% Lawrence T. Neal (D) 49.1%
Ohio 13	Joseph H. Outhwaite	Democratic	1884	Re-elected	Joseph H. Outhwaite (D) 52.7% John B. Neil (R) 47.3%
Ohio 14	Charles P. Wickham	Republican	1886	Re-elected	Charles P. Wickham (R) 51.5% David L. Wadsworth (D) 48.5%
Ohio 15	Charles H. Grosvenor	Republican	1886	Re-elected	Charles H. Grosvenor (R) 53.5% John P. Spriggs (D) 46.5%
Ohio 16	Beriah Wilkins	Democratic	1886	Retired Democratic hold	James W. Owens (D) 55.2% Edwin L. Lybarger (R) 44.8%
Ohio 17	Joseph D. Taylor	Republican	1886	Re-elected	Joseph D. Taylor (R) 56.9% William Lawrence (D) 43.1%
Ohio 18	William McKinley	Republican	1886	Re-elected	William McKinley (R) 54.4% George P. Ikirt (D) 45.6%
Ohio 19	Ezra B. Taylor	Republican	1880 (s)	Re-elected	Ezra B. Taylor (R) 67.5% Henry Apthorp (D) 32.5%
Ohio 20	George W. Crouse	Republican	1886	Retired Republican Hold	Martin L. Smyser (R) 52.9% Calvin P. Humphrey (D) 47.1%
Ohio 21	Martin A. Foran	Democratic	1882	Retired Republican gain	Theodore E. Burton (R) 50.8% Tom L. Johnson (D) 49.2%

South Carolina

Main article: United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1888

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
South Carolina 1	Samuel Dibble	Democratic	1882	Re-elected	Samuel Dibble (D) 86.7% S. W. McKinlay (R) 13.1% Others 0.2%
South Carolina 2	George D. Tillman	Democratic	1878	Re-elected	George D. Tillman (D) 86.8% Seymour E. Smith (R) 11.4% Others 1.8%
South Carolina 3	James S. Cothran	Democratic	1886	Re-elected	James S. Cothran (D) 99.8% Others 0.2%
South Carolina 4	William H. Perry	Democratic	1884	Re-elected	William H. Perry (D) 99.9% Others 0.1%
South Carolina 5	John J. Hemphill	Democratic	1882	Re-elected	John J. Hemphill (D) 99.7% Others 0.3%
South Carolina 6	George W. Dargan	Democratic	1882	Re-elected	George W. Dargan (D) 95.7% Others 4.3%
South Carolina 7	William Elliott	Democratic	1884	Re-elected	William Elliott (D) 54.1% Thomas E. Miller (R) 45.4% Others 0.5%

In the 7th district, Elliott was initially declared re-elected, but Miller successfully challenged the election and was seated in his place in September, 1890.

References

• Unless otherwise noted, electoral data are from Ourcampaigns.com

See also

• 51st United States Congress
• United States Senate elections, 1888
• United States presidential election, 1888