United States Minor Outlying Islands

United States Minor Outlying Islands
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: In God We Trust  (official) [E Pluribus Unum] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)  (traditional) (Latin: Out of Many, One)
Anthem: Star Spangled Banner
Capital	none, Administered from Washington, D.C.
Largest village	Wake Island
Official languages	English
Demonym(s)	American, Islander
Government
• President	Barack Obama (D)
• Governor	none
• Lieutenant Governor	none
Area
• Total	34.2 km2 (13.2 sq mi) (190th)
• Water (%)	88.6
Population
• 2009 estimate	300 (232nd)
• 2000 census	316
• Density	(n/a)
GDP (PPP)	2003 estimate
• Total	n/a (2005 est.)1 (n/a)
• Per capita	46,381 (U.S.)(2005 est.)1 (6)
Currency	United States dollar (USD)
Time zone	UTC-12 to -4 (UTC-12 to UTC-4)
• Summer (DST)	(no DST)
Calling code	+1
ISO 3166 code	UM
Internet TLD	.us .um was retired 2008.
2000 estimate.

The United States Minor Outlying Islands, a statistical designation defined by the International Organization for Standardization's ISO 3166-1 code, consists of nine United States insular areas in the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea: Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Palmyra Atoll, and Wake Island. The Caribbean territories of Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank are also sometimes included by the U.S. government, but its claims are disputed by other countries.

Among them, Palmyra Atoll is the only incorporated territory. As of 2008, none of the islands has any permanent residents. The only human population consists of temporarily stationed scientific and military personnel. The 2000 census counted 315 people on Johnston Atoll and 1 person on Wake Island. There has been no modern indigenous population, except at the 1940 census. In 1936 a colonization scheme began to settle Americans on Baker, Howland, and Jarvis, but all three islands were evacuated in 1942 as a result of World War II.

The islands are grouped together as a statistical convenience. They are not administered collectively, nor do they share a single cultural or political history beyond being uninhabited islands under the sovereignty of the United States.

They are collectively represented by the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code UM. The individual islands have ISO 3166-2 numerical codes, see ISO 3166-2:UM. The Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) ".um" has historically been assigned to the islands; however, the .um ccTLD was retired in January 2007.

The ISO introduced the term "United States Minor Outlying Islands" in 1986. From 1974 until 1986, five of the islands (Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Palmyra Atoll and Kingman Reef) were grouped under the term United States Miscellaneous Pacific Islands, with ISO 3166 code PU. The code of Midway Atoll was MI, the code of Johnston Atoll was JT, and the code of Wake Island was WK.

Airports

ICAO (IATA) codes:

• PJON (JON) – Johnston Atoll Airport - Johnston Atoll
• PMDY (MDY) – Henderson Field (Naval Air Facility) – Sand Island
• PWAK (AWK) – Wake Island Airfield - Wake Island
• PLPA – Palmyra (Cooper) Airport – Palmyra Atoll - Cooper Island
• PBAR – Baker Island Airport - Baker Island
• PLUR – Jarvis Airport – Jarvis Island
• Kamakaiwi Field - Howland Island (1937 to about 1945)
• Kingman Reef: lagoon was used as a halfway station between Hawaii and American Samoa by Pan American Airways for flying boats in 1937 and 1938

Ports

Three of the islands are listed with ports in the World Port Index, with World Port Number:

• 56325 JOHNSTON ATOLL - Johnston Atoll
• 56328 MIDWAY ISLAND - Midway Atoll
• 56330 WAKE ISLAND - Wake Island
• not listed WEST LAGOON - Palmyra Atoll

Baker Island, Howland Island and Jarvis Island have a small boat landing place on each. Kingman Reef and Navassa Island have offshore anchorage only.

Islands

Atoll/Island	Island Area km²	Lagoon km²	Coordinates	NWR Established	Date of Acquisition
Northern Pacific Ocean, scattered isolated islands
Wake Island1	7.4	6	19°18′N 166°38′E	2009 January 6	1899 January 17
Johnston Atoll2	2.52	130	16°45′N 169°31′W	1926 July 29	1859 September 6
Northern Pacific Ocean, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
Midway Atoll	5.18	40	28°13′N 177°22′W	1996 November 1	1867 August 28
Central Pacific Ocean, Northern Line Islands
Kingman Reef	0.01	76	6°24′N 162°24′W	2001 January 18	1860 February 8
Palmyra Atoll2	6.56	15	5°53′N 162°05′W	2001 January 18	1912 February 21
Central Pacific Ocean, Central Line Islands
Jarvis Island	4.45	-	0°22′S 160°01′W	1974 June 27	1856 October 28
Central Pacific Ocean, Northern Phoenix Islands
Baker Island	1.24	-	0°12′N 176°29′W	1974 June 27	1856 October 28
Howland Island	1.62	-	0°48′N 176°37′W	1974 June 27	1856 October 28
Caribbean Sea
Navassa Island3	5.2	-	18°24′N 75°01′W	1999 December 3	1858 October 31
Bajo Nuevo Bank4	0.02	155	15°53′N 78°38′W	N/A	1869 November 22
Serranilla Bank4	0.02	1200	15°50′N 79°50′W	N/A	1879 September 8 1880 September 13
U.S. Minor Outlying Islands	34.2	267
1 claimed by the Marshall Islands
2 previously claimed by Hawaii when independent. Palmyra was officially part of Hawaii until 1959.
3 claimed by Haiti
4 These islands are disputed with Colombia, Jamaica and Nicaragua, and are not included in the ISO list of territories. Their areas are not included in the totals.

See also

• ISO 3166-2:UM
• List of airports by ICAO code: P
• List of airports in United States minor islands
• Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument
• United States Miscellaneous Caribbean Islands
• United States Miscellaneous Pacific Islands

External links

• WorldStatesmen- U.S.
• Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges
• CIA World Factbook: United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges
• Historical Population figures
• dates of acquisition