List of hybrid vehicles
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This is a list of (plug-in or regular) hybrid vehicles in chronological order of first production:
[edit] Automobiles
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This transport-related list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
[edit] Early designs: 1899-1917
- 1899: Carmaker Pieper of Belgium introduced a vehicle with an under-seat electric motor and a gasoline engine[1]. It used the internal combustion engine to charge its batteries at cruise speed and used both motors to accelerate or climb a hill. Auto-Mixte, also of Belgium, built vehicles from 1906 to 1912 under the Pieper patents.[2]
- 1900: Ferdinand Porsche, then a young engineer at Jacob Lohner & Co. creates the first gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles.[3]
- 1901: Jacob Lohner & Co. produces the first Lohner Porsche, a series of gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles based on employee Ferdinand Porsche's novel drivetrain.[3] These vehicles had a driveline that was either gas or electric, but not both at the same time.
- 1905 or sooner: Fischer Motor Vehicle Co., Hoboken, NJ produces and sells a petrol-electric omnibus in the USA and in London, including battery storage[4].
- 1907: AL (French car)
- 1917: Wood's Dual Power Car had a driveline similar to the current GMC/Chevrolet Silverado hybrid pickup truck.
| Year | Company | Name | Type | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-1960 | |||||
| 1899 | Jacob Lohner & Co. | Automobile | |||
| 1900 | Pieper of Belgium | Automobile | |||
| 1901 | Jacob Lohner & Co. | Lohner Porsche | Automobile | ||
| 1905 | Fischer Motor Vehicle Co. | Petrol-electric Omnibus | Bus | ||
| 1906 | Auto-Mixte | Automobile | Pieper patent | ||
| 1907 | AL (French car) | Automobile | |||
| 1911 | Tilling-Stevens TTA1 petrol-electric (in service on Thomas Tilling routes) | Bus | Petrol-electric transmission, but no storage battery and no propulsion except with the petrol engine running. | ||
| 1917 | Wood's Dual Power Car | Automobile | |||
| 1950s | |||||
| 1951 | Arbel (automobile) | Symetric-Paris | Automobile | A petrol-electric hybrid powered on the Lohner-Porsche principle. Very few made and most were prototypes. A nuclear power plant was proposed for the 1958 version. | |
| 1960s | |||||
| 1969 | General Motors | General Motors XP-883 | Automobile | ||
| 1970s | |||||
| 1972 | Towns Microdot | Automobile | |||
| 1980s | |||||
| 1980 | Daihatsu Motor Co. | Daihatsu Charmant Hybrid | Automobile | This four-door, four-seater car was part of a series of EV prototypes constructed by Daihatsu in the seventies and eighties. It used a 550 cc two-cylinder engine which charged and was augmented by two DC electric motors during acceleration.[5] | |
| 1986 | Twike | Automobile | The Twike HEHV designed by a group of Swiss students debuted at the 1986 World expo in Vancouver, Canada. It remains in limited production and available in the USA (source: Neiman Marcus Christmas Book 2007, page 89). | ||
| 1986 | Honda | Gaselle | Autombile | The Goldwing engine-based Gaselle hybrid gas/electric prototype built by Sarabjit Gandhi drove 8050 km in 16 days as part of the World Energy Autocross. | |
| 1990s | |||||
| 1991 | Hino | Hino Blue Ribbon HIMR | Bus | ||
| 1992 | Volvo Cars | Volvo ECC | Automobile | Gas turbine-electric | |
| 1993 | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star MBECS, first generation | Bus | ||
| 1993 | Hino | Model Unknown, medium duty, for sale in Japan only. First generation | Truck | ||
| 1995 | Nissan | Nissan Diesel UA ERIP | Bus | ||
| 1996 | Isuzu | Isuzu Cubic CHASSE | Bus | ||
| 1996 | Gillig Phantom Hybrid | Bus | |||
| 1997 | Toyota | Toyota Coaster Hybrid EV | Bus | first Japanese series hybrid bus | |
| 1997 | Toyota | Toyota Prius (Japanese market only) | Automobile |
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| 1998 | New Flyer H40LF (diesel-electric hybrid bus), 'H' later changed to 'DE' | Bus | |||
| 1999 | Honda | Honda Insight | Automobile | ||
| 1999 | Orion VI Hybrid | Bus | |||
| 2000s | |||||
| 2000 | Toyota | Toyota Prius (introduced to US market) | Automobile | 1NZ-FXE 4cyl engine, 2001-2003 model | |
| 2001 | Toyota | Toyota Crown | Automobile | mild hybrid, Japan only | |
| 2001 | Toyota | Toyota Estima (Japan only) | Automobile | ||
| 2002 | Honda | Honda Civic Hybrid | Automobile | mild hybrid, 2003 model | |
| 2002? | Mazda | Mazda Demio e-4WD (Japanese market only, used for traction assistance) | Automobile | ||
| 2002 | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star Nonstep HEV bus, second generation | Bus | ||
| 2002 | Nova Bus RTS HEV bus (4 units built) | Bus | |||
| 2002 | MCI D4000 HEV (4 units built) | Bus | |||
| 2002 | Wright Electrocity | Bus | |||
| 2002 | New Flyer DE60LF | Bus | |||
| 2003 | Hino | Hino Ranger Hybrid, light-duty, for sale in Japan only. Fourth generation | Truck | ||
| 2003 | Orion VII hybrid bus[6] | Bus | |||
| 2003 | TransBus Enviro200H | Bus | |||
| 2003 | Suzuki | Suzuki Twin | Automobile | ||
| 2003 | Toyota | Toyota Alphard hybrid (Japan only) | Automobile | ||
| 2003 | Toyota | Toyota Prius | Automobile | (5-seat midsize, 2004-2009 model, second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive 1,000,000 sold (as of May 15, 2008)) | |
| 2003 | Toyota | Dyna Diesel Hybrid/Toyoace hybrid (commercial truck, Japan only, diesel hybrid) | Automobile | ||
| 2004 | Chevrolet | Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid | Automobile | mild hybrid, w/no electrical motor for propulsion, electricity only used to power accessories | |
| 2004 | Ford | Ford Escape Hybrid (2005 model) | Automobile | ||
| 2004 | Honda | Honda Accord Hybrid | Automobile | mild hybrid, 2005-2007 model, discontinued due to slow sales | |
| 2004 | Toyota | Hino Dutro/Toyota Dyna Hybrid, light-duty, for sale in Japan only. Fourth generation | Truck | ||
| 2004 | New Flyer GE40LF (gasoline-electric hybrid bus) | Bus | |||
| 2004 | Hino | Hino S'elega R Hybrid | Bus | ||
| 2004 | Hino | Hino Blue Ribbon City Hybrid | Bus | ||
| 2004 | Gillig Low Floor Hybrid | Bus | |||
| 2005 | Honda | Honda Civic Hybrid | Automobile | 2006 model, second generation | |
| 2005 | Lexus | Lexus RX 400h | Automobile | 2006 model, 3MZ-FE V6 engine | |
| 2005 | Mercury automobile | Mercury Mariner hybrid | Automobile | ||
| 2005 | Toyota | Toyota Highlander/Klueger Hybrid | Automobile | 2006-2007 model, 3MZ-FE V6 engine | |
| 2006 | IC Corporation Hybrid School Bus | Bus | |||
| 2006 | Nova Bus LFS HEV | Bus | |||
| 2006 | Wrightbus | Wright Pulsar Gemini HEV | Bus | ||
| 2006 | New Flyer DE40LFR | Bus | |||
| 2006 | Lexus | Lexus GS 450h | Automobile | 2007 model, 2GR-FSE engine | |
| 2006 | Saturn Corporation | Saturn Vue Green Line | Automobile | BAS, mild hybrid, 2007 model | |
| 2006 | Toyota | Toyota Camry Hybrid | Automobile | 2007 model, 2AZ-FXE engine | |
| 2006 | Toyota | Toyota Estima hybrid (redesign, minivan, Japan only) | Automobile | ||
| 2006 | Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corporation | Canter Eco Hybrid | Truck | ||
| 2006 | International FTTS | Truck | |||
| 2007 | Lexus | Lexus LS600hL | Automobile | 2008 model, first V8 full hybrid, 2UR-FSE engine | |
| 2007 | Mazda | Mazda Tribute (2008 model) | Automobile | ||
| 2007 | New Flyer DE60LFR | Bus | |||
| 2007 | Nissan | Nissan Altima (licensed Toyota Hybrid Synergy Drive) | Automobile | ||
| 2007 | Saturn Corporation | Saturn Aura Green Line Hybrid | Automobile | BAS, mild hybrid, 2008-2010 model | |
| 2007 | Toyota | Toyota Highlander/Klueger Hybrid | Automobile | 2008 vehicle redesign, mostly same 3MZ-FE V6 engine | |
| 2007 | Hino | Hybrid 6500 Medium, light-duty, available in Australia.[7] | Truck | ||
| 2007 | E-ONE[8] Hybrid Command Center | Truck | |||
| 2007 | Eaton Corp. Medium-duty hybrid trucks fully commercialized in conjunction with FedEx Express and other partners[9] | Truck | |||
| 2008 | Alexander Dennis | Alexander Dennis Enviro200H | Bus | ||
| 2008 | Alexander Dennis | Alexander Dennis Enviro400H | Bus | ||
| 2008 | Alexander Dennis | Alexander Dennis Enviro500H | Bus | ||
| 2008 | Beiqi Foton in Guangzhou, China with Eaton Corp. diesel-electric hybrid powertrains [10] | Bus | |||
| 2008 | Hino | Hino S'elega Hybrid (second generation) | Bus | ||
| 2008 | Optare | Optare Tempo | Bus | ||
| 2008 | Volvo | Volvo B5L Hybrid | Bus | ||
| 2008 | Wrightbus | Wright Gemini 2 HEV | Bus | ||
| 2008 | Cadillac | Cadillac Escalade (Global Hybrid Cooperation, 2009 model) | Automobile | ||
| 2008 | Chevrolet | Chevrolet Malibu (BAS, mild hybrid, canceled in 2009) | Automobile | ||
| 2008 | Chevrolet | Chevrolet Tahoe (Global Hybrid Cooperation, 2008 model, SUV, RWD/AWD) | Automobile | ||
| 2008 | Chevrolet | Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid (Global Hybrid Cooperation, first full hybrid full-size pickup, 2009 model) | Automobile | ||
| 2008 | Dodge | Dodge Durango (Global Hybrid Cooperation, SUV, 2009 model) | Automobile | ||
| 2008 | GMC | GMC Sierra Hybrid (Global Hybrid Cooperation, 2009 model) | Automobile | ||
| 2008 | GMC | GMC Yukon Hybrid (Global Hybrid Cooperation, 2008 model) | Automobile | ||
| 2008 | Honda | Honda FCX Clarity (Hydrogen Fuel cell Hybrid) | Automobile | ||
| 2008 | Saturn Corporation | Saturn AURA Green Line (mild hybrid, 2008-2010 model | Automobile | ||
| 2008 | Toyota | Toyota Crown hybrid | Automobile | redesign, now a full hybrid, Japanese market | |
| 2008 | BYD Auto | BYD F3DM Plug-in hybrid, (China market) | Automobile | ||
| 2008 | Komatsu Limited | Komatsu PC200-8 Hybrid excavator | Excavator | ||
| 2009 | BMW | BMW X6 ActiveHybrid | Automobile | Global Hybrid Cooperation, BMW's first full hybrid, US market | |
| 2009 | Ford | Ford Fusion Hybrid (2010 model year, midsize car) | Automobile | ||
| 2009 | Honda | Honda Insight (2010 model year, second-generation model, now as a 5-door hatchback) | Automobile | ||
| 2009 | Lexus | Lexus RX 450h | Automobile | 2010 model, 2GR-FXE V6 engine, 2nd generation | |
| 2009 | Lexus | Lexus HS 250h/Toyota Sai | Automobile | 2AZ-FXE engine, similar to Camry hybird | |
| 2009 | Lincoln-Mercury | Mercury Milan Hybrid (2010 model, midsize car) | Automobile | ||
| 2009 | Mercedes-Benz | Mercedes S400 BlueHybrid (Global Hybrid Cooperation, mild hybrid, first lithium-ion battery hybrid and first Mercedes hybrid) | Automobile | ||
| 2009 | Toyota | Toyota Prius | Automobile | 3rd generation, 2010 model year, 2ZR-FXE I4 engine | |
| 2009 | Phoenix Motorcars | Phoenix Motorcars: Starts selling plug-in hybrid SUV & Truck in California 2009 (also available all-electric); Assembled in the USA; no projected release date outside CA yet | Automobile | ||
| 2009 | Hyundai Motor Company | Hyundai Elantra LPI Hybrid: first hybrid to adopt advanced lithium polymer (Li–Poly) batteries and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as fuel; South Korean market only | Automobile | ||
| 2009 | Wuzhoulong | FDG6111HEVG[citation needed] | Bus | ||
| 2010s | |||||
| 2010 | BMW | BMW ActiveHybrid 7 (mild hybrid, lithium-ion battery) | Automobile | ||
| 2010 | Honda | Honda CR-Z | Automobile | ||
| 2010 | Honda | Honda Fit Hybrid[11] | Automobile | ||
| 2010 | Hyundai | Hyundai Sonata Hybrid | Automobile | 2011 model, sales began end of 2010 | |
| 2010 | Toyota | Toyota Auris Hybrid | Automobile | 2ZR-FXE I4 engine. similar to 3rd gen Prius powertrain | |
| 2010 | Toyota | Toyota Highland hybrid | Automobile | revised hybrid powertrain, similar to RX 450h, 2011 model | |
| 2010 | Mazda | Mazda Tribute | Crossover | ||
| 2010 | Lincoln | Lincoln MKZ Hybrid | Automobile | 2011 model | |
| 2010 | Porsche | Porsche Cayenne S | Automobile | 2011 model, sales began end of 2010 | |
| 2010 | General Motors | Chevrolet Volt plug-in hybrid[12] | Automobile | 2011 model | |
| 2010 | Alexander Dennis | Alexander Dennis Enviro350H | Bus | ||
| 2010 | Optare | Optare Versa | Bus | ||
| 2010 | Wuzhoulong | FDG6112HEVG, FDG6111HEVG2[citation needed] | Bus | ||
| Schedule for 2011 | |||||
| 2011 | Hyundai | Kia Optima Hybrid | Automobile | 2011 model | |
| 2011 | Honda | Honda Civic Hybrid | Automobile | 2011 redesign, 1.5L engine, lithium-ion batter | |
| 2011 | Infiniti | Infiniti M35 Hybrid | Automobile | 2011 model | |
| 2011 | Toyota | Toyota Prius V | Automobile | 2012 model | |
| 2011 | Toyota | Toyota Prius Plus | Automobile | like Prius V but with lithium-ion battery pack | |
| 2011 | Volkswagen | VW Touareg Hybrid | SUV | 2012 model | |
| 2011 | Fisker Automotive | Fisker Karma plug-in hybrid | Automobile | ||
| 2011 | Lexus | Lexus CT 200h hybrid | Automobile | similar to Prius powertrain, 2ZR-FXE I4 engine | |
| 2011 | PSA Peugeot Citroen will market hybrid HDi vehicles from 2010.[13] | Automobile | |||
| 2011 | SsangYong | SsangYong C200 Eco | Automobile | ||
| 2012 | Ё-Auto | Ё-mobile[14] | Automobile | ||
[edit] 2011
- Toyota Camry Hybrid 2012 model, third generation Hybrid Synergy Drive[15]
- Land Rover Range Rover Hybrid concept, diesel-electric engine (under development) in conjunction with new aluminum body
- Fiat Nuova 500 Hybrid
[edit] 2012
- Toyota announced the launching of RAV4 Hybrid as 2012 model in the spring of 2012.[18]
[edit] Unknown Date
- Audi A1
- Toyota Sienna Hybrid (3rd generation)
- Peugeot 307 CC Hybride HDi, produced in very small number of units, ceased production in 2007.
- Cadillac Urban Luxury Concept
- Daihatsu Hijet Cargo Hybrid a commercial microvan (659 cc) (in Japan, not yet in production)
- Ford hybrid car
- Honda S2000/Honda S3000
- Honda HSV-010 - supposedly the successor for Honda NSX.
- Hyundai Accent Unknown date of production
- Kia Rio Originally for 2007, now delayed along with Hyundai Accent hybrid (concept model was shown at the 2007 Geneva Auto Show)
- Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution XI
- Opel Astra Diesel Hybrid.[20]
- Persu Hybrid (three-wheeled vehicle)
- Porsche 918 Spyder
- Porsche Panamera
- Saab planning hybrid based on GM system[21]
- Toyota Corolla
- Mahindra Diesel-electric hybrid PikUp in 2010.[22]
- Toyota FT-HS [23]
- Porsche Cayenne[24]
- Proton Gen-2 EVE Hybrid is targeted to be produced commercially within 2010-2011.[25] Concept model was shown at the 2007 Geneva Auto Show
[edit] Buses
[edit] Date unknown
- Castrosua Tempus (in use in Barcelona, Granada, Lugo, Madrid, Santiago de Compostela, Sevilla)[26]
- Irisbus Hynobis (Castellón) [27]
- MAN Lion's City Hybrid:
- Mercedes Benz/Orion VII Hybrid
- North American Bus Industries 60-BRT Hybrid
- Scania OmniLink, ethanol-electric hybrid buses, (Stockholm)[28]
- Solaris:
- Tecnobus Gullliver (hybrid electric and all-electric versions), sold by Hispano Carrocera[32]
- Volvo 7700[33]
- Whispering Wheel
[edit] See also
- List of 2007 hybrid vehicles
- List of battery electric vehicles
- List of modern production plug-in electric vehicles
- SmILE
- Comparison of Toyota hybrids
[edit] References
- ^ (French) Les voitures hybrides dans l'histoire on automania.be.
- ^ History of Hybrid Vehicles | Hybrid Cars
- ^ a b The 1899 Lohner Porsche, the first Hybrid Vehicle?
- ^ Extract of A. J. Wallis-Tayler, Motor vehicles for business purposes; A practical handbook for those interested in the transport of passengers and goods, 1905
- ^ Lösch, Annamaria, ed. (1981), "Electric Cars", World Cars 1981 (Pelham, NY: The Automobile Club of Italy/Herald Books): 44, ISBN 0-910714-13-4
- ^ DaimlerChrysler Commercial Buses North America
- ^ http://www.hino.com.au/Models/HybridLightmediumdutywidecabin/tabid/68/Default.aspx
- ^ http://www.e-one.com/index.asp?n=75&p=75&s=76&pid=66
- ^ http://www.greencarcongress.com/2008/02/update-on-eaton.html
- ^ http://www.emediawire.com/releases/eaton/hybrid/emw622771.htm
- ^ "Honda to Begin Sales of Two More Hybrid Models in 2010" (Press release). Honda. 2009-07-13. http://www.hondanews.info/news/en/corporate/c090713eng. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
- ^ "First Chevy Volts Reach Customers, Will Out-Deliver Nissan in December". plugincars.com. 2010-12-16. http://www.plugincars.com/first-chevy-volts-reach-customers-will-out-deliver-nissan-december-106575.html. Retrieved 2010-12-17.
- ^ PSA Peugeot Citroën’s Alternative Energy Commitment
- ^ "Russian Billionaire Backs New Hybrid Car". The New York Times. 13 December 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/14/business/global/14hybrid14.html?_r=1&hpw. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ^ Toyota plans locally built hybrid - drive.com.au
- ^ "Volvo promises diesel-electric plug-in hybrid by 2012". Motor Authority. 2009-06-01. http://www.motorauthority.com/volvo-promises-diesel-electric-plug-in-hybrid-by-2012.html. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
- ^ Scott Doggett (2009-06-01). "Volvo Unveils Plug-in Diesel-Electric Hybrid Car, Says It Will Be Available in 2012". Edmunds.com. http://blogs.edmunds.com/greencaradvisor/2009/06/volvo-unveils-plug-in-diesel-electric-hybrid-car-says-it-will-be-available-in-2012.html. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
- ^ http://www.hybridcars.com/news/toyota-confirms-rav4-hybrid-27338.html
- ^ "Характеристики ё-мобилей" (in Russian). The official blog «Ё-auto». 14 December 2010. http://yo-mobil.livejournal.com/11862.html. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Saab planning hybrid based on GM system". Reuters. 2007-03-07. http://uk.reuters.com/article/motoringNews/idUKNOA74283120070307.
- ^ [2]
- ^ Toyota FT-HS Concept is a Go For 2009 Automobile Magazine accessed on May 31, 2007
- ^ Porsche to offer Cayenne Turbo Hybrid? - Autoblog
- ^ Proton hybrid car in 2 or 3 years - paultan.org
- ^ http://www.castrosua.com/index.html?idi=en
- ^ http://www.busride.com/article.asp?IndexID=996
- ^ http://www.scania.com/media/pressreleases/scania-testing-unique-hybrid-buses-in-stockholm.aspx
- ^ http://www.wpk.katowice.pl/?itemid=1822
- ^ http://www.transportweekly.com/pages/en/news/articles/50711/
- ^ http://www.rbl.ch/index.php?id=127
- ^ http://www.tecnobus.it/home/en/prodotti.html
- ^ http://www.volvobuses.com/bus/global/en-gb/volvogroup/Environment/going%20greener/hybrid/Pages/hybrid.aspx
Category :Best Hybrid Cars http://www.allhybridcars.com
