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The fruits of Sapindus saponaria, western or wingleaf soapberry, give the family its vernacular name.

This is a list of genera in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae, which includes the soapberries (Sapindus), maples (Acer), and paullinias, amongst others. As currently circumscribed, the family contains approximatively 1900 species into over 140 genera classified into 4 subfamilies.[1]

Contents

[edit] Current understanding

The current circumscription of Sapindaceae encompasses the traditional Aceraceae and Hippocastanaceae as tribes in subfamily Hippocastanoideae. Although the classification at subfamilial level is fairly well-established, the circumscription at tribal and generic level remains only partially resolved, especially in the larger subfamily Sapindoideae, which has led the most recent revision to treat the majority of these genera without placing them in a tribe.[1] Another recent study hints at even more incongruity between traditional circumscription and molecular evidence.[2]

Recent changes have included the synonymization of Distichostemon with Dodonaea,[3] and Neotina and Tinopsis with Tina.[4] Additionally, not all authors agree about the broad circumscription that ensues from placing Xanthoceras as the sister group to the three traditional families as the resulting Sapindaceae sensu lato, unlike the traditional families, is difficult to characterize.[1][5] As a result the elevation of Xanthoceroideae to family level was recently proposed, which would remove from Sapindaceae those six genera currently placed in that subfamily and Hippocastanoideae.[5]

This list follows Acevedo-Rodríguez et al.[1] as modified by more recent research.[3][4][6][7][8]

[edit] Genera

Genus
Authority		 Year Classification Type species # of species Distribution
Xanthoceras
Bunge[9][N 1]		 1833 Xanthoceroideae Xanthoceras sorbifolia
Bunge		 1 China
Acer
L.[10]		 1753
Acer pseudoplatanus
L.		 120+ Temperate northern hemisphere
Dipteronia
Oliv.[11]		 1898
Dipteronia sinensis
Oliv.		 2 China
Aesculus
L.[10]		 1753
Aesculus hippocastanum
 13 Temperate Northern hemisphere
Billia
Peyr.[12]		 1858
Billia hippocastanum
Peyr.		 2 Mexico to South America
Handeliodendron
Rehder[13]		 1935
Handeliodendron bodinieri
Rehder		 1 China
Arfeuillea[N 2]
Pierre ex Radlk.[14]		 1895
Arfeuillea arborescens
Pierre ex Radlk.		 1 Thailand and Laos
Averrhoidium
Baill.[15]		 1874
Averrhoidium gardnerianum
Baill.		 4 Mexico,
Tropical South America
Cossinia
Comm. ex Lam.[16]		 1786
Cossinia pinnata
Comm. ex Lam.		 3 Mauritius, New Caledonia
Diplokeleba
N.E.Br.[17]		 1894
Diplokeleba floribunda
N.E.Br.		 2 South America
Diplopeltis
Endl.[18]		 1837
Diplopeltis huegelii
Endl.		 5 Australia
Dodonaea
Mill.[19]		 1754
Dodonaea viscosa
Jacq.		 60+ Pantropical
Euphorianthus[N 3]
Euphorianthus[20]		 1879
Euphorianthus euneurus
Radlk.		 1 Eastern Malesia
Eurycorymbus
Hand.-Mazz.[21]		 1922
Eurycorymbus austrosinensis[N 4]
Hand.-Mazz.		 1 China
Harpullia
Roxb.[22]		 1824
Harpullia cupanioides
Roxb.		 26 India and China to Australasia
Llagunoa
Ruiz & Pav.[23]		 1796
Llagunoa nitida
Ruiz & Pav.		 3 or 4 Andes
Loxodiscus
Hook.f.[24]		 1857
Loxodiscus coriaceus
Hook.f.		 1 New Caledonia
Magonia
A.St.-Hil.[25][N 5]		 1824
None designated 1[N 6] Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay
Majidea
J.Kirk ex Oliv.[26]		 1871
Majidea zanguebarica
J.Kirk ex Oliv.		 4 or 5 Africa and Madagascar
Doratoxylon
Thouars ex Hook.f.[27]		 1862
Doratoxylon diversifolium
(A.Juss.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks.		 6 Mauritius, Madagascar
Euchorium[N 7]
Ekman & Radlk.[28]		 1925
Euchorium cubense
Ekman & Radlk.		 1 Cuba
Exothea
Macfad.[29]		 1837
Exothea oblongifolia
Macfad.		 3 West Indies, Central America
Filicium[N 8]
Thwaites ex Benth.[27]		 1862
Filicium decipiens
(Wight & Arn.) Thwaites		 3 or 4 Madagascar, East Africa to
India and Sri Lanka
Ganophyllum
Blume[30]		 1850
Ganophyllum falcatum
 1 or 2 Paleotropics
Hippobromus
Eckl. & Zeyh.[31]		 1836
Hippobromus alatus
(Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh.		 1 Africa
Hypelate
P.Browne[32]		 1756
Hypelate trifoliata
Sw.		 1 West Indies, Florida
Zanha
Hiern[33]		 1896
Zanha golungensis
Hiern		 23 Southern africa, Madagascar
Allophylastrum
Acev.-Rodr.[6]		 2011
Allophylastrum frutescens
Acev.-Rodr.		 1 Brazil, Guyana
Allophyllus
L.[10]		 1753
Allophylus zeylanicus
L.		  ?[N 9] Pantropical
Athyana
Radlk.[34]		 1887
("1888")
Athyana weinmannifolia
Radlk.		 1 Peru, Bolivia, Argentina

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ This preprint eventually appeared as Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2:75–147 (1835).
  2. ^ The genus might not be distinct from Majidea (Acevedo-Rodríguez et al., 2011, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 10:375)
  3. ^ A replacement name for Radlkofer's own Euphoriopsis (Actes Congr. Bot. Amsterdam 1877:128, 1877) which was preoccupied by a genus of fossil Sapindaceae named by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo (Sapind. Foss. Monogr.:12, 1852).
  4. ^ Correctly treated as Eurycorymbus cavaleriei (H.Lév.) Rehder & Hand.-Mazz.
  5. ^ Not Hist. Pl. Remarq. Brésil:239: although the title page for that work gives the year of publication as 1824, the relevant part was not issued before late 1825 (Stafley & Cowan, Taxon. Lit., ed. 2 4:1067).
  6. ^ Saint-Hilaire originally described two species, now treated as one, but a generic type has yet to be defined.
  7. ^ Because its fruit has not been described in the literature, this genus' tribal placement is not entirely clear (Acevedo-Rodríguez et al., 2011, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 10:378).
  8. ^ Thwaites had originally (Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6:65. 1854) named the genus Pterophyllum, but that name had already been applied by Siebold et Zuccarini to a genus of Papaveraceae in 1843 (Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3(3):719).
  9. ^ The definition of species in the genus is a difficult matter, and species number have ranged from 250 to a single polymorphic one. Since the latter proposal by Pieter Willem Leenhouts (Blumea 15(2):313. 1967), "no progress in an understanding of the systematic structure of Allophylus has been made" (Acevedo-Rodríguez et al., 2011, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 10:380).

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. et al (2011). "Sapindaceae". In Klaus Kubitzki. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. 10. Berlin: Springer. pp. 357–407. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14397-7_17. ISBN 978-3-642-14397-7. 
  2. ^ Buerki, Sven; Forest, Félix; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro et al (2009). "Plastid and nuclear DNA markers reveal intricate relationships at subfamilial and tribal levels in the soapberry family (Sapindaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 51 (2): 238-258. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.01.012. 
  3. ^ a b Harrington, Mark G.; Gadek, Paul A. (2010). "Phylogenetics of hopbushes and pepperflowers (Dodonaea, Diplopeltis – Sapindaceae), based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and partial ETS sequences incorporating secondary-structure models". Australian Systematic Botany 23 (6): 431-442. doi:10.1071/SB10002. 
  4. ^ a b Buerki, Sven; Lowry, Porter P., II; Andriambololonera, Sylvie et al (2011). "How to kill two genera with one tree: clarifying generic circumscriptions in an endemic Malagasy clade of Sapindaceae". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 165 (3): 223–234. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01106.x. 
  5. ^ a b Buerki, Sven; Lowry, Porter P., II; Alvarez, Nadir et al (2010). "Phylogeny and circumscription of Sapindaceae revisited: molecular sequence data, morphology and biogeography support recognition of a new family, Xanthoceraceae". Plant Ecology and Evolution 143 (2): 148-159. doi:10.5091/plecevo.2010.437. 
  6. ^ a b Acevedo-Rodrígue, Pedro (2011). "Allophylastrum: a new genus of Sapindaceae from northern South America". PhytoKeys 5: 39-43. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.5.1684. 
  7. ^ Jiménez Ramírez, Jaime; Vega Flores, Karla; Cruz Durán, Ramiro (2011). "Balsas (Sapindaceae), Género Nuevo de la Cuenca del Río Balsas en el Estado de Guerrero, México". Novon 21 (2): 196-200. doi:10.3417/2009010. 
  8. ^ Buerki, Sven; Lowry, Porter P., II; Phillipson, Peter B. et al (2010). "Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Evidence Supports Recognition of Gereaua, a New Endemic Genus of Sapindaceae from Madagascar". Systematic Botany 35 (1): 172–180. doi:10.1600/036364410790862669. PMC 3157030. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/curators/pdf/Buerkietal._2010_1.pdf. 
  9. ^ Bunger, Alexander (1833) (in Latin). Enumeratio Plantarum quas in China Boreali Collegit. p. 11. http://books.google.ca/books?id=RQPoAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA75. 
  10. ^ a b c Linnaeus (1753) (in Latin). Species Plantarum. 
  11. ^ Oliver, Daniel (1898). "Dipteronia sinensis" (in Latin). Hooker's Icones plantarum 19: pl. 1898. http://www.botanicus.org/page/1354915. 
  12. ^ Peyritsch, Johann (1858). "Eine neue Gattung der Hippocastaneen". Botanische Zeitung 16 (22): 153–154. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33548748. 
  13. ^ Rehder, Alfred (1935). "Handeliodendron, a new genus of Sapindaceae". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 16 (1): 65–67. http://www.botanicus.org/page/994650. 
  14. ^ Radlkofer, L. (1895). "Sapindaceae". In Engler, A (in German). Die Natuürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Teil III. 5. Leipzig: W. Engelmann. pp. 277-366;362. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/20893329. 
  15. ^ Baillon, H. (1874). "Stirpes Exoticae Novae [part]" (in Latin). Adansonia 11: 239-273. 
  16. ^ Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste (1786). "Cossinia" (in French). Encyclopédie Méthodique: Botanique. 2. Paris: Panckoucke. pp. 132. http://www.botanicus.org/page/720786. 
  17. ^ Kerr, J. Graham (1894). "The Botany of the Pilcomayo Expedition". Transactions and Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh 20: 44-78;50. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15179177. 
  18. ^ Endlicher, Stephan, ed. (1837) (in Latin). Enumeratio plantarum quas in Novae Hollandiae ora austro-occidentali ad fluvium Cygnorumet in sinu Regis Georgii collegit Carolus Liber Baro de Hügel. Vienna: Fr. Beck University. p. 13. 
  19. ^ Miller, Phillip (1754). The gardeners dictionary (4th abr. ed. ed.). London: John and James Rivington. 
    (Because the pagination in the original work, when present at all, can be best described as idiosyncratic, so only links are given here. A fac-simile edition with continuous pagination exists.)
  20. ^ Radlkofer, L. (1879). "Ueber Cupania und damit verwandte Pflanzen." (in German). Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-physikalischen Classe der K. b. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München 9: 457-678. 
  21. ^ Handel-Mazzetti, Heinrich von (1922). "Plantae Novae Sinenses" (in Latin). Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. Anzeiger 59 (12): 101-112;104. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27809014. 
  22. ^ Roxburgh, William (1824). Carey, William. ed. Flora indica; or descriptions of Indian plants by the late William Roxburgh. 2. Serampore: Mission Press. p. 441. http://books.google.ca/books?id=V1w-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA441. 
  23. ^ Ruiz, Hipólito; Pavón, Joseph (1796). Flora Peruvianae, et Chilensis Prodromus. Madrid: imprenta de Sancha. p. 126. http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=106&Pagina=152. 
  24. ^ Hooker, J. D. (1857). "On Loxodiscus, a new genus of Sapindaceae form New Caledonia" (in Latin). Hooker's journal of botany and Kew Garden miscellany. 9: 200-201. http://www.botanicus.org/page/785088. 
  25. ^ Saint-Hilaire, Auguste de (May 1824). "Relation d'un empoisonnement causé par le miel de la guêpe Lecheguana" (in French). Bulletin des Sciences de la Société Philomatique de Paris 1824: 74-79. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30968417. 
  26. ^ Oliver, D. (1871). "Majidea zanguebarica". Hooker's Icones Plantarum 11: 78. http://www.botanicus.org/page/1335320. 
  27. ^ a b Bentham, G.; Hooker, J.D. (1862) (in Latin). Genera Plantarum. 2(2). London: A. Black. http://www.botanicus.org/page/655142. 
  28. ^ Radlkofer, L. (1925). "Euchorium, Sapindacearum genus novum" (in Latin). Repertorium novarum specierum regni vegetabilis 21: 230–231. doi:10.1002/fedr.19250210805. 
  29. ^ Macfadyen, James (1837). The Flora of Jamaica. 1. London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longmans. p. 232. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3959557. 
  30. ^ Blume, C.L. (1850) (in Latin). Museum botanicum Lugduno-Batavum. 1(15). Leiden: E.J.Brill. p. 230. http://www.botanicus.org/page/446905. 
  31. ^ Ecklon, Christian Friedrich; Zeyher, Karl (1835-6) (in Latin). Enumeratio plantarum Africae australis extratropicae. Hamburg: Perthes & Besser. 
  32. ^ Browne, Patrick (1756). The civil and natural history of Jamaica. London: T. Osborne and J. Shipton. 
  33. ^ Hiern, William Philip (1896). Catalogue of the African Plants collected by Dr. F. Welwitsch in 1853-61. 1(1). London: British Museum. p. 128. http://www.archive.org/stream/catalogueofafric01brit#page/128/mode/2up. 
  34. ^ Durand, Théophile (1888) (in Latin). Index Generum Phanerogamorum. Bruxelles. 
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