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金色のガッシュ!!
(Konjiki no Gasshu!!)
Genre
Manga
Written byMakoto Raiku
Published byShogakukan
English publisher
ImprintShōnen Sunday Comics
MagazineWeekly Shōnen Sunday
DemographicShōnen
Original runJanuary 10, 2001 – December 26, 2007
Volumes33 (List of volumes)
Anime television series
Directed by
  • Tetsuharu Nakamura
  • Yukio Kaizawa
Produced by
  • Atsuya Takase
  • Hiroyuki Sakurada
  • Shinichi Ikeda
  • Takatoshi Hamano
Written by
  • Akatsuki Yamatoya
  • Hiroshi Hashimoto
Music byKow Otani
StudioToei Animation
Licensed by
  • NA: Viz Media
Original networkFNS (Fuji TV)
English network
Original run April 6, 2003 – March 26, 2006
Episodes150 (List of episodes)
Anime film
Zatch Bell! Movie 1: 101st Devil
Directed byJunji Shimizu
Written byHiroshi Hashimoto
Music byKow Otani
StudioToei Animation
Licensed by
ReleasedAugust 7, 2004
Runtime84 minutes
Anime film
Zatch Bell! Movie 2: Attack of Mechavulcan
Directed byTakuya Igarashi
Written byAya Matsui
Music byKow Otani
StudioToei Animation
Licensed by
  • NA: Discotek Media
ReleasedAugust 6, 2005
Runtime85 minutes
Manga
Konjiki no Gash!! 2
Written byMakoto Raiku
Published byBirgdin Board Corp.
Original runMarch 14, 2022 – present
Volumes3
Related media

Zatch Bell!, known in Japan as Konjiki no Gash!! (Japanese: 金色のガッシュ!!, Hepburn: Konjiki no Gasshu!!, "Golden Gash!!"), is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Makoto Raiku. It was serialized in Shogakukan's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Sunday between January 2001 and December 2007, with its chapters collected in thirty-three tankōbon volumes. The series follows the title character Zatch Bell, a mystical being called a Mamodo, who is partnered with a 14-year-old schoolboy Kiyo Takamine for a once-a-millennium tournament on Earth that determines the right to rule the Mamodo world as king. During their adventure, Zatch and Kiyo encounter and battle various Mamodo and their human partners, and meet allies who aid Zatch in his quest to become a kind king.

Zatch Bell! was adapted into an anime television series produced by Toei Animation. It aired for 150 episodes on Fuji TV from April 2003 to March 2006. The anime does not show Zatch winning the Mamodo tournament. In addition to an array of licensed merchandise, the franchise also spawned a series of video games and two animated theatrical films. Viz Media licensed both the manga and anime series for English-language localization in North America in 2005; only twenty-five volumes of the manga were published until 2009. The anime series ran in the United States on Cartoon Network's Toonami and Miguzi programming blocks from 2005 to 2007 for seventy-seven episodes, and in Canada on YTV's Bionix programming block from 2005 to 2008; in all, 104 episodes were dubbed in English.

By March 2017, the Zatch Bell! manga had over 23.8 million copies in circulation, including digital versions, making it one of the best-selling manga series. In 2003, the series won the 48th Shogakukan Manga Award for the shōnen category. The manga has received generally positive reviews from critics. It was praised for its unique characters, humor, and overall concept. The television adaptation has a more mixed reception, with criticism largely focused on the visuals, graphical violence, and voice acting, particularly for the English dub.

A sequel to the manga, titled Konjiki no Gash!! 2, began digital distribution in March 2022.

Premise[edit]

See also: List of Zatch Bell! characters

Setting[edit]

During the early 2000s,[A] one hundred Mamodo mystical creatures with supernatural powers called Mamodo[a] descend to Earth from the parallel Mamodo world to compete in a tournament for the kingship of their world,[b] an event that happens every 1,000 years.Ch. 8 Each Mamodo carries a spell book[c] that seals away their powers and requires a human companion to read aloud in order to cast them in the form of spells.[d] Only one human is allowed to read from that Mamodo's book,Ch. 7 whereupon he or she becomes its book owner[e] and partner.[B]

Spells cast by the Mamodo produce a variety of effects. These range from direct attacks to defenses, but others also spells which trigger a Mamodo's special ability that can temporarily enhance its strength, give them a secondary form for fighting, create a barrier, render the enemy immobile, or empower an object they carry, although this is rare among Mamodo.[pages needed] Spells in each book are typically different for each Mamodo, but there are others that produce identical spells—an example of this is Zatch Bell and his twin brother, Zeno Bell, for their lightning-based powers. The human and their Mamodo usually start out with one spell, but may unlock more through experience and hard work.Ch. 19 Additionally, the spell book responds to the user's strong emotions,[C] so that a spell may be generated with greater energy and fervor.

The Mamodo tournament involves eliminating opponents, which is achieved by burning their spell book. Once a spell book is burned, the Mamodo that possessed it loses all claim to the position as king and is immediately returned to the Mamodo world. The last Mamodo standing without their book destroyed becomes the Mamodo king for the next thousand years.Ch. 8

Synopsis[edit]

Manga[edit]

The Mamodo of focus is Zatch Bell, who was discovered unconscious at a forest in England by Professor Seitaro Takamine. Seitaro sends Zatch over to his son Kiyo Takamine, an intelligent 14-year-old junior high school student who lives with his mother in the fictional city of Mochinoki, Japan,Ch. 2 in the hopes of uncovering Zatch's past that he has no memory of.Ch. 1 Kiyo becomes Zatch's predestined partner for the tournament. Over time, Zatch and Kiyo come across other Mamodo, especially Brago and his partner, French noblewoman Sherry Belmont, who explain the ongoing Mamodo tournament.Ch. 8–9 Zatch and Kiyo also discover that some Mamodo do not wish to fight or do so for the wrong reasons; namely Kolulu, who was forced to fight due to the nature of her spells.Ch. 17 Seeing this, Zatch pledges to become a kind king and stop the battle from ever happening again.Ch. 18 Zatch and Kiyo also find friendlier Mamodo and build up alliances with them and their human partners. Chief among them are Kanchomé with Italian movie star Parco Folgore,Ch. 27 Tia with pop idol Megumi Oumi,Ch. 38 Ponygon with German engineer Kafk Sunbeam (although the two do not find each other until later in the series),Ch. 122 and Wonrei with teen Hong Kong girl Li-en.Ch. 71

Throughout the course of the tournament, Zatch, Kiyo, and their allies work together to combat several potent, ill-intentioned Mamodo. The first adversary they face is Zofis, who commands a cadre of reanimated Mamodo that were sealed in stone tablets during the previous tournament one thousand years ago. Zofis has also bent the will of his own partner, Sherry's childhood friend Koko, into committing heinous acts such as burning down a whole village.Ch. 55 Another enemy to emerge is Rioh, a wrathful Mamodo who wields a gigantic artificial Mamodo named FaudoCh. 189 that imperils the globe.Ch. 209 Kiyo is nearly killed in a frantic mission to thwart Rioh and avert Faudo.Ch. 215 However, Rioh is then overpowered by Zeno Bell, Zatch's twin brother.Ch. 259 Zeno is deeply envious of his sibling for procuring the sacred power of Bao from their father King Dauwan Bell,Ch. 272 and had removed Zatch's memories out of spite,Ch. 48 but he soon comes around and apologizes upon seeing the error of his own ways.Ch. 275 The last and perhaps most powerful Mamodo encountered is Clear Note,Ch. 289 who sees no purpose in life and plans to eradicate the entire Mamodo race, including himself. Zatch and Kiyo call upon the spells of all the Mamodo they previously met to quash Clear Note and return him to the Mamodo world.Ch. 319

In the aftermath,[D] Zatch manages to pull through the tournament unscathed, even though all of his allies fall and are brought back to the Mamodo world, leaving himself and Brago as the only remaining candidates on Earth. After Kiyo's school graduation, the two ilk engage in a final showdown.Ch. 320 Zatch ultimately prevails over Brago, thereby ending the tournament as the victor.Ch. 321 As Zatch departs for the Mamodo world, he rewards Kiyo one of two options for helping him become king: either receiving a wish and forgetting about Zatch, or get nothing but retain his memories of him; Kiyo chooses the second option.Ch. 322 Three weeks after the tournament, a letter is sent from the Mamodo to their human counterparts, with Zatch's letter stating that all is well in the Mamodo world.Ch. 323

Anime[edit]

While the anime adaptation covers most of the premise, it observes changes in much of the manga's narrative. These include additional subplots and characters not featured in the original story.[E] Certain scenes and key events are also altered or chronologically rearranged. For instance, Zatch and Kiyo first learn about Zeno from another Mamodo they encounter[4] rather than directly from TiaCh. 39 as in the manga, although she and Megumi corroborate the sighting later on.[5] Ponygon also appears earlier in the anime's timelineEp. 21 than in the manga's.Ch. 56 Deviations in the plot are more pronounced during the climatic fight against Faudo in the third and final season. In particular, Kiyo's death does not occur, and Zeno never repents even when he returns to the Mamodo world.Ep. 150 As a result of the changes, some Mamodo who lose out in the manga survive up to this point. The anime skips the events involving Clear Note and leaves the demise of most of Zatch's main allies and any remaining Mamodo unresolved. Instead, the series closes with an epilogue showing Zatch and Brago preparing to battle each other as the last two Mamodo standing, with the winner not revealed.Ep. 150

Production[edit]

Development of Zatch Bell! began shortly after Shogakukan serialized the final issue of Makoto Raiku's manga series Newtown Heroes on its anthology comic magazine Shōnen Sunday Super. Raiku revisited drafts from his previous works for new concepts for his next series.[6] He experimented with several ideas: one was centered on a mercenary who would use a giant sword to defeat enemies.[6] Another was that a middle school student would find an antique toy knight that would come to life to help combat evil. He pitched the latter idea to Shogakukan, who advised him to go for a cuter fighting character. The title character Zatch was thus created.[6] Raiku spent a few months building a plot before publishing chapter 1 on January 10, 2001, for the serial on Shōnen Sunday Super. He released subsequent chapters of Zatch Bell! on a monthly basis but accelerated it to weekly as he felt that the story was progressing too slowly. Volume 1 debuted with the first eight chapters on May 18, 2001.

The prominent buddy trope of the series, outlined in a "passionate story about a heartwarming friendship," incorporates battle scenes encompassing different Mamodo and human partners with diverse backgrounds, and the unique sets of spells that each spellbook generates. Raiku cited the influence for Zatch's red spellbook from a western fairy tale that he had read. He derived Zatch's lightning-based spells from his own pen name indirectly translating to "lightning" in Japanese. He also composed the punch line "Invincible Italian Man" for which Parco Folgore was created.[7] Volumes 5 and 6 are set in England, where Raiku went for a research trip while writing them.[8] Production of Zatch Bell! was halted in 2005 when Raiku severely injured his hand, resulting in a surgery that took several months to heal and led to the delayed publication of volume 23.

Raiku authored Zatch Bell! at his Nerima residence which he repurposed as a makeshift studio named R・Studio, which featured Zatch on the logo.[9] Inside the house was a large collection of autographs from various manga artists posted at the foyer. Raiku's collection of manga figurines would be displayed on the studio wall whenever he was present in the building. He chose a part of the studio with a high ceiling to avoid getting claustrophobic and spent whole days there catching up on deadlines that Shogakukan frequently imposed. He occasionally summoned four or five manga artists to the studio to assist him with Zatch Bell!.[10] Raiku would sell the property in 2016.[9]

Work on Zatch Bell! also took place at a nearby restaurant, which Raiku admitted to have visited regularly as he wanted to be surrounded by people and keep himself free from distractions with video games and the internet. There, he would brainstorm on storyboards, each of which took about two days to make for a single chapter.

Zatch Bell! would be Raiku's last manga series published by Shogakukan. Once the series finished, Shogakukan gave back his original artwork,[11] a common practice for Japanese manga publishers. However, five of his manuscripts failed to turn up:[12] two pieces from volume 1, one from volume 9, one from volume 11, and one from volume 15. After leaving Shogakukan in June 2008, Raiku accused the company of mishandling his artwork and filed a lawsuit seeking ¥3.3 million (US$31,927.4) in damages and legal fees.[11] He reached a settlement for ¥2.55 million (US$24,671.17), with Shogakukan publicly attesting the lost work.[12][13] Raiku transferred Zatch Bell! to the publisher Kodansha for reissue in a shorter sixteen-volume format. By 2018, however, he left Kodansha to found his own publishing company, Birgdin Board Corp., through which he would also re-release Zatch Bell! in a digital format, as well as the sequel Konjiki no Gash!! 2.

Media[edit]

Manga[edit]

See also: List of Zatch Bell! chapters

Written and illustrated by Makoto Raiku, Zatch Bell! began its serialization in Shogakukan's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Sunday on January 10, 2001.[14] to December 26, 2007.[1] The manga ran for a total of 323 chapters, collected in 33 tankōbon volumes, between May 18, 2001,[15] and June 18, 2008.[16]

Viz Media licensed Zatch Bell! for the English release. Chuang Yi also provided the English distribution of the manga in Singapore.[17] Viz assigned the alternate title for the series due to translation problems. The first two volumes of the series were released on August 2, 2005.[18][19] Raiku's termination with Shogakukan forced Viz to end the adaptation of Zatch Bell! on June 9, 2009, after 25 volumes.[20]

On March 9, 2011, a one-shot chapter written by Raiku, titled Konjiki no Gash!! Gaiden "Tomo" (金色のガッシュ!! 外伝「友」, lit. Golden Gash!! Side Story "Friend"), was serialized in Kodansha's shōnen manga magazine Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine as part of the 10th anniversary of Zatch Bell!.[21] This also promoted the revival of the series, which Kodansha repackaged into 16 bunkoban volumes published from March 8, 2011, to June 7, 2012.[22][23] A digital 16-volume kanzenban edition of Zatch Bell! was released in July 2018 by Birgdin Board Corp, Raiku's self-publishing company. Each re-release featured newly drawn cover art, colored pages from the original Weekly Shōnen Sunday serialization, and a special bonus chapter in each volume called Zatch Café,[f] which stars characters from that volume's cover.[24] The kanzenban edition was released in physical format in 2019, after successful sales and demand from fans.[25]

A sequel manga series, titled Konjiki no Gash!! 2 (金色のガッシュ!! 2, Konjiki no Gasshu!! 2) was announced on February 2022. The first volume was released on March 14, 2022, in digital format and published by Birgdin Board Corp.[26][27]

Anime[edit]

See also: List of Zatch Bell! episodes

A 150-episode anime adaptation, known in Japan as Konjiki no Gash Bell!! (金色のガッシュベル!!, Konjiki no Gasshu Beru!!, "Golden Gash Bell!!") to distinguish it from the manga's title, was produced by Toei Animation. It was directed by Tetsuharu Nakamura and Yukio Kaizawa, with Akatsuki Yamatoya and Hiroshi Hashimoto as the lead scriptwriters.[28] It began airing on Fuji Television on April 6, 2003, and ran for three seasons, each with 50 episodes, through March 26, 2006.[29] When Zatch Bell! went on hiatus over Raiku's injury, the anime's production outpaced the manga's. Toei therefore resorted to using rough drafts of the manga to fill in events for successive episodes, resulting in significant alterations to the arc with Zatch and his friends within the bowels of Faudo, and converging to where Zatch barely prevents Faudo from reaching Kiyo's hometown. The anime capped on an ambiguous note as Toei was unable to animate the rest of the manga due to Raiku cutting ties with Shogakukan. The episodes were collected and distributed by Pony Canyon into three DVD series, labeled as "levels", consisting of seventeen DVDs each, totaling 51 sets: the first level was released from November 19, 2003,[30] to April 20, 2005;[31] the second level was released from May 18, 2005,[32] to June 21, 2006;[33] the third level was released from July 5, 2006,[34] to March 7, 2007.[35]

In 2004, ShoPro Entertainment licensed the anime series for broadcast and distribution in the Region 1 market with the title Zatch Bell!. That license was carried over to Viz following the merger in 2005.[36][37] The series' English dub premiered in the United States on Cartoon Network's Saturday nighttime programming block Toonami on March 5, 2005,[38][39] as well as on the network's daily programming block Miguzi starting April 3, 2006.[40] The series also premiered on YTV's programming block Bionix in Canada from September 9, 2005,[41] to December 6, 2008. Studiopolis provided the voice cast for the English dub.[42] Cartoon Network cancelled the series on January 20, 2007, after 77 episodes due to declining viewership.[43][26] Viz stopped dubbing the series after episode 104 as Shogakukan had annulled its broadcasting rights. In August 2005, Viz announced that the series would be released for home video.[44] Thirteen DVDs, collected into the first 52 episodes, were released by Viz from November 8, 2005, to December 4, 2007.[45][46] New Video Group released a DVD box set, Zatch Bell!: The Complete Seasons 1 & 2, on December 3, 2013, which included the first 100 dubbed episodes.[47] The American broadcast and home distribution of Zatch Bell! have been tailored to young audiences, necessitating the removal of sexual innuendo; for example, Folgore's signature song which seemingly gratifies groping on women was substituted with a less obtrusive number Hey Hey Let's Dance All Day. Scenes with graphic content, including nudity and blood, were also edited, along with some Japanese cultural and religious references. All 104 episodes of the English dub began streaming on Crunchyroll in 2015[48][49] and on the video on demand service Starz on July 1, 2017.[50]

Soundtracks[edit]

Films[edit]

Toei produced two animated films based on the manga which serve as spin-offs to the anime. In the first film, Zatch Bell!: 101st Devil,[g] a vengeful Mamodo named Wiseman seeks to illicitly enter the tournament by stealing a coveted white spell book, then baiting Zatch into the Mamodo world as a means of expelling him from the battle for king. The film also explores Zatch's home world in finer detail and how a human partner is selected for each Mamodo, with Wiseman deemed unfit for one. 101st Devil premiered in Japanese theaters on August 7, 2004, and released to DVD on December 15, 2004.[51][52] The second film, Zatch Bell! Movie 2: Attack of Mechavulcan,[h] tells of a conceited Mamodo scientist named Dr. M2, who travels from the future to Earth with an army of oversized robots resembling a toy that Kiyo made for Zatch in the main series. Attack of Mechavulcan premiered in Japanese theaters on August 6, 2005, and came out on DVD on January 2, 2006.[53]

Discotek Media licensed both films for distribution in North America.[54] They were released on Blu-ray and DVD with the original Japanese audio and English subtitles on March 27 and May 21, 2018, respectively.[55][56]

Video games[edit]

See also: List of Zatch Bell! video games

A number of video games have been created featuring characters of the Zatch Bell! series, with all but one being action or fighting games. Three games were imported and localized in North America. Zatch Bell! Electric Arena, initially released on December 12, 2003, for the Game Boy Advance, was the very first video game for the series. The second game titled Zatch Bell! Mamodo Battles, which debuted on March 25, 2004, for the PlayStation 2 and GameCube, became the first console game installment based on the series. Lastly, Zatch Bell! Mamodo Fury was released on December 2, 2004, for PlayStation 2 and is the only North American release for the GameCube. A video card game based on the series' CCG is the only installment not featuring in-combat form of gameplay. Eighting, Banpresto, and Bandai oversaw the development and publication of the Zatch Bell! games; since the merging of Bandai and Namco in 2004, GameCube versions are published under Namco Bandai Games.

A smartphone RPG game, titled Konjiki no Gash Bell!! Towa no Kizuna no Nakama-tachi (金色のガッシュベル!! 永遠の絆の仲間たち, "Zatch Bell! Friends are an Eternal Bond"), developed by Neowiz, is set to be released in 2023, with a closed beta test taking place in mid-September.[57]

Other media[edit]

A toy line made by Mattel and a collectible card game, titled Zatch Bell!: The Card Battle, were released by Bandai in the United States and Japan.[58][59][60]

Reception[edit]

Manga[edit]

Zatch Bell! won the Shogakukan Manga Award for best shōnen title of the year in 2003.[61] It ranked 33rd of the top 100 manga series on TV Asahi's Manga Sōsenkyo poll in 2021, in which 150,000 people responded.[62]

By June 2008, the manga had over 22 million copies in circulation;[63] by March 2017, it had 23.8 million copies in circulation, including digital versions.[64]

Jason Thompson from Anime News Network describes the series as "Zatch Bell! was one of hundreds of manga competing to be Number Two in the newly established genre of "heroes who fight using cute-but-violent monster/animal/pet companions." But Zatch is an extreme case because it's SO cute and SO violent, both at the same time, mixing squash-and-stretch body distortions, heta-uma ugliness, smiling faces and gushing blood".[65] Mania.com's Jarred Pine's review of the first volume said that "The characters can look lopsided and out of proportions at times, with Kiyo experiencing Popeye arms on occasion. When the artwork gets more serious, it looks quite good, even though the added effect lines tend to make some panels feel a bit overdramatic, especially when Zatch is crying. The action work can feel quite explosive, with all the lighting bolts and flying icicles and all, which makes the Mamodo battle scenes a lot of fun. He added "The book really started off on the wrong foot with me with the introduction of Kiyo, one of the most irritating and arrogant lead characters in a shōnen manga. His attitude is not a result of any sort of disposition or a hard life, he’s just a know-it-all that looks down on others. Luckily, Zatch’s quirky and upbeat personality helps balance the scales and quickly goes to work on fixing Kiyo’s bad attitude".[66]

Anime[edit]

In 2005, the series ranked 20th on Animage's anime popularity poll,[67] and 64th in the top 100 anime shows in a web poll conducted by TV Asahi.[68] Although the show's English dub fared poorly in reviews, it became notable for its voiceover cast. Debi Derryberry, the voice for Zatch, was nominated twice for "Best Actress in a Comedy" at the American Anime Awards for her role as the titular character,[69] while Jason Spisak placed fifth in the category "best English voice actor" in the SPJA Industry Award for his role as Kiyo.[70] Dave Wittenberg was also nominated "Best Male Actor in a Comedy" for his portrayal of Parco Folgore.[71] Philece Sampler was also accredited for her performance as the minor character Lori.[72]

Anime News Network's Zac Bertschy review of the anime adaptation described it as "...mind-numbingly over-the-top, so enthusiastically bizarre, that it's difficult to not get sucked into its strange little world" but criticized how it was like a "battle your way to the top while learning important lessons about teamwork and courage" anime. He commented how the "sheer exuberance and energy" saves the show from being a bland anime and how it would be the perfect show for kids.[73] IGN's review of the series was mostly negative. IGN's Jason Van Horn criticized the animation, plot, and dubbed voice acting.[74] IGN's JKB stated the books are more interesting than the animation.[75] Common Sense Media describes the story as "isn't just about violence". They also say that there are always challenges, adversities, and questions of identity that the characters face especially Zatch and Kiyo. They compliment how the characters often think aloud when talking about their painful experiences or flashbacks. They applaud on how each of the characters problems in the series are not far off on what kids deal with today. They criticized how the battles uses visuals, languages, sound effects, and dramatic effects that often get drawn out and sometimes become hard to watch. Overall, they said with the graphic violence and the internal struggles that the different characters face throughout the series some parents may not find Zatch Bell! appropriate for their children under ten years old.[76]

Accolades[edit]

Other media[edit]

Bandai's The Card Battle game had sold over 300 million units by May 2004.[77]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Mamono (魔物, lit. "demon"); this is expressed as both singular and plural. The English adaptation erroneously pluralizes it as "Mamodos."
  2. ^ Demon World (魔界, Makai, lit. "Demon Realm")
  3. ^ Spellbook (魔本, Mahon, lit. "magic book")
  4. ^ Jutsu (術, translates to "art," "technique," or "skill"). Synonymous with Incantation (呪文, Jumon, "Spell")
  5. ^ Hon no Mochinushi (本の持ち主, lit. "owner of the book")
  6. ^ Known in Japan as Gash Café (ガッシュカフェ, Gasshu Kafe)
  7. ^ Known in Japan as "Gekijou Ban Konjiki no Gash Bell!! 101 Banme no Mamono" (劇場版 金色のガッシュベル！！ 「１０１番目の魔物」, lit. "Movie Golden Gash Bell!! Unlisted demon #101")
  8. ^ Known in Japan as "Gekijou Ban Konjiki no Gash Bell!! Mecabarukan no raishuu" (劇場版 金色のガッシュベル！！ 「メカバルカンの来襲」, lit. "Movie Golden Gash Bell!! Attack of the Mechavulcan")
  1. ^ A concert ticket that Kiyo holds in the anime is dated 2003.Ep. 14
  2. ^ This is one of three scenarios specified in the franchise. The second is the Mamodo world in which the Mamodo are free to cast spells as they desire. The anime introduces a third scenario called the "In-Between-World" (異世界, Yisekai, lit. "Different World"), where spells can be cast independently but only in the presence of a spell book.Ep. 95
  3. ^ Called Heart Energy in the original, and "strength from within" in the English dub of the anime.
  4. ^ The final tournament phase in which ten Mamodo remain has been called the King's Festival by fans, although the term is not actually used in the series.
  5. ^ They do appear in colored montages at the end of the first manga series.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Loo, Egan (December 28, 2007). "Zatch Bell Manga Ends After 7 Years, 323 Installments". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on September 28, 2009. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
  2. ^ Thompson, Jason (July 3, 2012). Manga: The Complete Guide (Kindle). Del Rey Books. pp. 1350–1352. ISBN 978-0-345-53944-1.
  3. ^ "Cartoon Network gears up for 2005 with new acquisitions". Indian Television. April 12, 2005. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  4. ^ Episode 16; Robnos: I saw a Mamodo [...] who looked exactly like Zatch! (Viz Media dub)
  5. ^ Episode 21; Megumi: I'm positive it was Zatch who we saw standing there. Either that, or Zatch has a double. (Viz Media dub)
  6. ^ a b c Raiku, Makoto (May 18, 2001). 金色のガッシュ!! (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Shogakukan. ISBN 978-4-09-126231-8.
  7. ^ "Origins, Creator Q & A". Viz Media. Archived from the original on January 29, 2010. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
  8. ^ Raiku, Makoto (July 18, 2002). 金色のガッシュ!!. 金色のガッシュ!! (in Japanese). Vol. 6. Shogakukan. ISBN 978-4-09-126236-3.
  9. ^ a b Sherman, Jennifer (October 26, 2016). "House of Gash/Zatch Bell's Makoto Raiku Posted for Sale Online". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on October 21, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2021.
  10. ^ 「金色のガッシュ!!」の作者である漫画家、雷句誠さんにいろいろとインタビューしてきました. Gigazine (in Japanese). June 20, 2008. Archived from the original on October 25, 2023. Retrieved December 5, 2023.
  11. ^ a b "News: Gash/Zatch Bell Manga Creator Raiku Sues Shogakukan (Updated) Archived February 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine." Anime News Network. June 6, 2008. Retrieved April 17, 2011.
  12. ^ a b Loo, Egan (November 11, 2008). "Gash/Zatch Bell's Raiku Wins 2.55M Yen over Lost Art (Update)". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on March 13, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
  13. ^ Greenall, Jonathon (October 4, 2023). "What Ever Happened To Zatch Bell?". CBR. Retrieved January 7, 2024.
  14. ^ Raiku, Makoto (January 17, 2011). 雷句誠の今日このごろ。 : 感想コーナー４、そして・・・. Makoto Raiku's official blog (in Japanese). Archived from the original on February 22, 2019. Retrieved February 22, 2019. あれからもう１０年もの年月が流れたのですね・・・。１０年前の２００１年１月１０日。今でも初めて本作を手にとって眼にした時のことは鮮明に思い出されます。第一話のガッシュの真っ直ぐな言葉に受けた衝撃。それは今でも決して忘れません。そして、ラストの爆発頭の清麿達のことも（笑）。
  15. ^ 小学館: コミック 「金色のガッシュ!! 1」 [Zatch Bell! Vol. 1] (in Japanese). Shogakukan. Archived from the original on January 12, 2013. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
  16. ^ 小学館: コミック 「金色のガッシュ!! 33」 [Zatch Bell! Vol. 33] (in Japanese). Shogakukan. Archived from the original on January 11, 2013. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
  17. ^ "Zatch Bell". Chuang Yi. Archived from the original on July 7, 2009. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
  18. ^ "Zatch Bell! Vol. 1". Viz Media. Archived from the original on December 30, 2009. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
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