User:Ongmianli/Evidence based assessment

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Evidence-based assessment (EBA) refers to the use of research and theory to guide the selection of constructs to be used for a specific assessment purpose and to inform the methods and measures used in the assessment process.[1]. It involves the recognition that, even with data from psychometrically strong measures, the assessment process is inherently a decision-making task in which the clinician must iteratively formulate and test hypotheses by integrating data that are often incomplete and consistent[2]. EBA has been found to help clinicians in cognitively debiasing their clinical decisions[3].

EBA was first introduced in the field of medicine[4], and has been introduced to other fields, notably clinical psychology. The EBA approach is widely acknowledged to be an empirically driven method to clinical decision-making, and Cochrane reviews have reported the efficacy of EBA methods[5]

History and development[edit]

Methods[edit]

Evaluating norms and reliability[edit]

Rubric for evaluating norms and reliability for assessments (extending Hunsley & Mash, 2008; *indicates new construct or category)
Criterion Adequate Good Excellent Too Good
Norms Mean and standard deviation for total score (and subscores if relevant) from a large, relevant clinical sample Mean and standard deviation for total score (and subscores if relevant) from multiple large, relevant samples, at least one clinical and one nonclinical Same as “good,” but must be from representative sample (i.e., random sampling, or matching to census data) Not a concern
Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, split half, etc.) Most evidence shows Cronbach's alpha values of .70 to .79 Most reported alphas .80 to .89 Most reported alphas >= .90 Alpha is also tied to scale length and content coverage - very high alphas may indicate that scale is longer than needed, or that it has a very narrow scope
Inter-rater reliability Most evidence shows kappas of .60-.74, or intraclass correlations of .70-.79 Most reported kappas of .75-.84, ICCs of .80-.89 Most kappas ≥ .85, or ICCs ≥ .90 Very high levels of agreement often achieved by re-rating from audio or transcript
Test-retest reliability (stability) Most evidence shows test-retest correlations ≥ .70 over period of several days or weeks Most evidence shows test-retest correlations ≥ .70 over period of several months Most evidence shows test-retest correlations ≥ .70 over a year or longer Key consideration is appropriate time interval; many constructs would not be stable for years at a time
*Repeatability Bland-Altman plots (Bland & Altman, 1986) plots show small bias, and/or weak trends; coefficient of repeatability is tolerable compared to clinical benchmarks (Vaz, Falkmer, Passmore, Parsons, & Andreou, 2013) Bland-Altman plots and corresponding regressions show no significant bias, and no significant trends; coefficient of repeatability is tolerable Bland-Altman plots and corresponding regressions show no significant bias, and no significant trends across multiple studies; coefficient of repeatability is small enough that it is not clinically concerning Not a concern

Evaluating validity and utility[edit]

Rubric for evaluating validity and utility (extending Hunsley & Mash, 2008 ; *indicates new construct or category)
Criterion Adequate Good Excellent *Too Excellent
Content validity Test developers clearly defined domain and ensured representation of entire set of facets As adequate, plus all elements (items, instructions) evaluated by judges (experts or pilot participants) As good, plus multiple groups of judges and quantitative ratings Not a problem; can point out that many measures do not cover all of the DSM criteria now
Construct validity (e.g., predictive, concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity) Some independently replicated evidence of construct validity Bulk of independently replicated evidence shows multiple aspects of construct validity As good, plus evidence of incremental validity with respect to other clinical data Not a problem
*Discriminative validity Statistically significant discrimination in multiple samples; Areas Under the Curve (AUCs) < .6 under clinically realistic conditions (i.e., not comparing treatment seeking and healthy youth) AUCs of .60 to <.75 under clinically realistic conditions AUCs of .75 to .90 under clinically realistic conditions AUCs >.90 should trigger careful evaluation of research design and comparison group. More likely to be biased than accurate estimate of clinical performance.
*Prescriptive validity Statistically significant accuracy at identifying a diagnosis with a well-specified matching intervention, or statistically significant moderator of treatment As “adequate,” with good kappa for diagnosis, or significant treatment moderation in more than one sample As “good,” with good kappa for diagnosis in more than one sample, or moderate effect size for treatment moderation Not a problem with the measure or finding, per se; but high predictive validity may obviate need for other assessment components. Compare on utility.
Validity generalization Some evidence supports use with either more than one specific demographic group or in more than one setting Bulk of evidence supports use with either more than one specific demographic group or in multiple settings Bulk of evidence supports use with either more than one specific demographic group and in multiple settings Not a problem
Treatment sensitivity Some evidence of sensitivity to change over course of treatment Independent replications show evidence of sensitivity to change over course of treatment As good, plus sensitive to change across different types of treatments Not a problem
Clinical utility After practical considerations (e.g., costs, ease of administration and scoring, duration, availability of relevant benchmark scores, patient acceptability), assessment data are likely to be clinically useful As adequate, plus published evidence that using the assessment data confers clinical benefit (e.g., better outcome, lower attrition, greater satisfaction) As good, plus independent replication Not a problem

Limitations[edit]

Test selection and inadequate assessment[edit]

While numerous guidelines have been developed to assist psychologists in conducting EBAs, psychologists often fail to follow guidelines, with projective tests often used to assess child adjustment.[6]. Professionals conducting assessment have been shown to have considerable variability in the extent to which they followed professional guidelines, with evaluators failing to assess general parenting abilities[7]

Problems in test interpretation[edit]

Professionals and authorities commonly mistakenly recommend the interpretation of variability between and within scales that may not be vigorously tested. For instance, due to rigorous efforts in developing norms, and developing reliability and validity measures, certain measures, such as the Wechsler intelligence scales for both adults and children, are seen as the strongest psychological instruments around. It is common practice for authorities to recommend the consideration of subtest scores. However, subtest scores, unlike full-scale IQ scores, often have lower levels of internal consistency reliability, which results in reduced precision of measurement and increased likelihood of false positive and false negative conclusions about the assessment.

Suggested references to use in other pages[edit]

There are a set of edited volumes about evidence-based assessment that are excellent sources for Wikipedia articles.

Note that the text list is in APA 6th Edition Style; the numbered references have been manually built in Wikipedia. You may need to edit source and copy the citation between the ref tags to paste it into the other pages. Because these are book chapters, they do not have a separate DOI or PMID for the citation builder to use. We are listing them here and building them out as a convenience for other editors.

Adult Assessment[edit]

Hunsley, J., & Mash, E. J. (Eds.). (2008). A guide to assessments that work. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.[8]

Abramowitz, J. S. (2008). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 275-292). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [9]

Currie, S. R. (2008). Sleep Disorders. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 535-550). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [10]

Dougherty, L. R., Klein, D. N., Olino, T. M., & Laptook, R. S. (2008). Depression in Children and Adolescents. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 69-95). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [11]

Fiske, A., & O'Riley, A. A. (2008). Depression in Late Life. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 138-157). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [12]

Frick, P. J., & McMahon, R. J. (2008). Child and Adolescent Conduct. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 41-68). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [13]

Gervais, N. J., & Dugas, M. J. (2008). Generalized Anxiety Disorder. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 254-274). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [14]

Green, K., Worden, B., Menges, D., & McCrady, B. (2008). Alcohol use disorders. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 339-369). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [15]

Hodgins, D. C., & Stinchfield, R. (2008). Gambling Disorders. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 370-390). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [16]

Hunsley, J., & Mash, E. J. (2008). Developing Criteria for Evidence-Based Assessment: An Introduction to Assessments That Work. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 3-16). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [17]

Johnson, S. L., Miller, C. J., & Eisner, L. (2008). Bipolar Disorder. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 121-137). New York: Oxford University Press. [18]

Johnston, C., & Mah, J. W. T. (2008). Child Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 17-40). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [19]

Keane, T. M., Silberbogen, A. K., & Weierich, M. R. (2008). Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 293-318). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [20]

Keller, M. L., & Craske, M. G. (2008). Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 229-253). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [21]

Meana, M., Binik, Y. M., & Thaler, L. (2008). Sexual Dysfunction. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 464-487). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [22]

Moon, E. C., McMurtry, C. M., & McGrath, P. J. (2008). Child and Adolescent Pain. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 551-575). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [23]

Mueser, K. T., & Glynn, S. M. (2008). Schizophrenia. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 391-412). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [24]

Nock, M. K., Wedig, M. M., Janis, I. B., & Deliberto, T. L. (2008). Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 158 - 178). London: Oxford University Press. [25]

Persons, J. B., & Fresco, D. M. (2008). Adult Depression. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 96-120). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [26]

Rohsenow, D. J. (2008). Substance use disorders. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 319-338). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [27]

Rowa, K., McCabe, R. E., & Antony, M. M. (2008). Specific Phobia and Social Phobia. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 207-228). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [28]

Seto, M. C., Abramowitz, C. S., & Barbaree, H. E. (2008). Paraphilias. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 488-514). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [29]

Silverman, W. K., & Ollendick, T. H. (2008). Child and Adolescent Anxiety Disorders. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 181-206). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [30]

Snyder, D. K., Heyman, R. E., & Haynes, S. N. (2008). Couple Distress. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 439-463). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [31]

Sysko, R. (2008). Eating Disorders. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 515-534). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [32]

Turk, D. C., Okifuji, A., & Skinner, M. (2008). Chronic Pain in Adults. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 576-592). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [33]

Widiger, T. A. (2008). Personality Disorders. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.), A guide to assessments that work (pp. 413-438). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [34]

Child and Adolescent Assessment[edit]

Here’s the child set:

Mash, E. J., & Barkley, R. A. (Eds.). (2007). Assessment in Children and Adolescents (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [35]

Crooks, C. V., & Wolfe, D. A. (2007). Child Abuse and Neglect. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Assessment of childhood disorders (4 ed., pp. 639-684). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [36]

Fletcher, K. E. (2007). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Assessment of childhood disorders (4 ed., pp. 398-446). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [37]

Goldston, D. B., & Compton, J. S. (2007). Adolescent Suicidal and Nonsuicidal Self-Harm Behaviors and Risk. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Assessment of childhood disorders (4 ed., pp. 305-343). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [38]

Handen, B. L. (2007). Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation). In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Assessment of childhood disorders (4 ed., pp. 551-597). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [39]

Mash, E. J., & Hunsley, J. (2007). Assessment of Child and Family Disturbance: A Developmental-Systems Approach. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Assessment of childhood disorders (4 ed., pp. 3-52). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [40]

McDonell, M. G., & McClellan, J. (2007). Early-onset schizophrenia. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Assessment of childhood disorders (4 ed., pp. 526-550). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [41]

McMahon, R. J., & Frick, P. J. (2007). Conduct and Oppositional Disorders. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Assessment of childhood disorders (4 ed., pp. 132-183). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [42]

Ozonoff, S., Goodlin-Jones, B. L., & Solomon, M. (2007). Autism Spectrum Disorder. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Assessment of childhood disorders (4 ed., pp. 487-525). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [43]

Rudolph, K. D., & Lambert, S. F. (2007). Child and Adolescent Depression. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Assessment of childhood disorders (4 ed., pp. 213-252). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [44]

Shiner, R. L. (2007). Personality Disorders. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Assessment of childhood disorders (4 ed., pp. 781-816). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [45]

Smith, B. H., Barkley, R. A., & Shapiro, C. J. (2007). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Assessment of childhood disorders (4 ed., pp. 53-131). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [46]

Southam-Gerow, M. A., & Chorpita, B. F. (2007). Anxiety in Children and Adolescents. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Assessment of childhood disorders (4 ed., pp. 347-398). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [47]

Speece, D. L., & Hines, S. J. (2007). Learning Disabilities. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Assessment of childhood disorders (4 ed., pp. 598-635). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [48]

Stice, E., & Peterson, C. B. (2007). Eating Disorders. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Assessment of childhood disorders (4 ed., pp. 751-780). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [49]

Winters, K. C., Fahnhorst, T., & Botzet, A. (2007). Adolescent Substance Use and Abuse. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Assessment of childhood disorders (4 ed., pp. 184-209). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [50]

Wolfe, V. V. (2007). Child Sexual Abuse. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Assessment of childhood disorders (4 ed., pp. 685-748). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [51]

Youngstrom, E. A. (2007). Pediatric bipolar disorder. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Assessment of childhood disorders (4th ed., pp. 253-304). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [52]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Hunsley, J; Mash, EJ (2007). "Evidence-based assessment". Annual review of clinical psychology. 3: 29–51. PMID 17716047. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  2. ^ Hunsley, J; Mash, EJ (2007). "Evidence-based assessment". Annual review of clinical psychology. 3: 29–51. PMID 17716047. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  3. ^ Jenkins, MM; Youngstrom, EA; Washburn, JJ; Youngstrom, JK (April 2011). "Evidence-Based Strategies Improve Assessment of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder by Community Practitioners". Professional psychology, research and practice. 42 (2): 121–129. PMID 21625392.
  4. ^ Sackett, DL; Rosenberg, WM; Gray, JA; Haynes, RB; Richardson, WS (13 January 1996). "Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't". BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 312 (7023): 71–2. PMID 8555924.
  5. ^ Stacey, D; Bennett, CL; Barry, MJ; Col, NF; Eden, KB; Holmes-Rovner, M; Llewellyn-Thomas, H; Lyddiatt, A; Légaré, F; Thomson, R (5 October 2011). "Decision aids for people facing health treatment or screening decisions". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (10): CD001431. PMID 21975733.
  6. ^ Ackerman, MJ; Ackerman, MC. "Custody evaluation practices: A survey of experienced professionals (revisited)" (PDF). Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 28 (2): 137–145. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  7. ^ Horvarth, LS; Logan, TK; Walker, R. "Child custody cases: A content analysis of evaluations in practice". Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 33 (6): 557–565. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  8. ^ Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (2008). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 1–696. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  9. ^ Abramowitz, Jon S. (2008). "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 275–292. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  10. ^ Currie, S.R. (2008). "Sleep Disorders". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 535–550. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  11. ^ Dougherty, L.R.; Klein, Daniel N.; Olino, Thomas M.; Laptook, R.S. (2008). "Depression in Children and Adolescents". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 69–95. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  12. ^ Fiske, A.; O'Reilly, A.A. (2008). "Depression in Late Life". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 138–157. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  13. ^ Frick, Paul J.; McMahon, Robert J. (2008). "Child and Adolescent Conduct". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 41–68. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  14. ^ Gervais, N.J.; Dugas, M.J. (2008). "Generalized Anxiety Disorder". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 254–274. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  15. ^ Green, K.; Worden, B.; Menges, D.; McCrady, B. (2008). "Alcohol use disorders". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 339–369. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  16. ^ Hodgins, D.C.; Stinchfield, R. (2008). "Gambling Disorders". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 370–390. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  17. ^ Hunsley, J.; Mash, E.J. (2008). A guide to assessments that work. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195310641. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  18. ^ Johnson, S.L.; Miller, C.J.; Eisner, L. (2008). "Bipolar Disorder". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 121–137. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  19. ^ Johnston, C.; Mah, J.W.T. (2008). "Child Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 17–40. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  20. ^ Keane, T.M.; Silverbogen, A.K.; Weierich, M.R. (2008). "Post-trumatic Stress Disorder". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 293–318. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  21. ^ Keller, M.L.; Craske, M.G. (2008). "Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 229–253. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  22. ^ Meana, M.; Binik, Y.M.; Thaler, L. (2008). "Sexual Dysfunction". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 464–487. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  23. ^ Moon, E.C.; McMurtry, C.M.; McGrath, P.J. (2008). "Child and Adolescent Pain". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 551–575. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  24. ^ Mueser, K.T.; Glynn, S.M. (2008). "Schizophrenia". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 391–412. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  25. ^ Nock, M.K.; Wedig, M.M.; Janis, I.B.; Deliberto, T.L. (2008). "Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 158–178. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  26. ^ Persons, J.B.; Fresco, D.M. (2008). "Adult Depression". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 96–120. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  27. ^ Rohsenow, D.J. (2008). "Substance use disorders". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 319–338. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  28. ^ Rowa, K.; McCabe, R.E.; Antony, M.M. (2008). "Specific Phobia and Social Phobia". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 207–228. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  29. ^ Seto, M.C.; Abramowitz, C.S.; Barbaree, H.E. (2008). "Paraphilias". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 488–514. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  30. ^ Silverman, W.K.; Ollendick, T.H. (2008). "Child and Adolescent Anxiety Disorders". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 181–206. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  31. ^ Snyder, D.K.; Heyman, R.E.; Haynes, S.N. (2008). "Couple Distress". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 439–463. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  32. ^ Sysko, R. (2008). "Eating Disorders". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 515–534. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  33. ^ Turk, D.C.; Okifuji, A.; Skinner, M. (2008). "Chronic Pain in Adults". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 576–592. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  34. ^ Widiger, T.A. (2008). "Personality Disorders". In Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric (eds.). A Guide to Assessments that Work. New York, NY: Oxford Press. pp. 413–438. ISBN 978-0195310641.
  35. ^ Mash, Eric J.; Barkley, Russell A. (2007). Assessment in children and adolescents (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. pp. 1–866. ISBN 978-1593854935.
  36. ^ Crooks, Claire V; Wolfe, David V. (2007). "Child Abuse and Neglect". In Mash, Eric J.; Barkley, Russell A. (eds.). Assessment of Childhood Disorders (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. pp. 639–684. ISBN 978-1593854935.
  37. ^ Fletcher, K.E. (2007). "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder". In Mash, Eric J.; Barkley, Russell A. (eds.). Assessment of Childhood Disorders (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. pp. 398–446. ISBN 978-1593854935.
  38. ^ Goldston, D.B.; Compton, J.S. (2007). "Adolescent Suicidal and Nonsuicidal Self-Harm Behaviors and Risk". In Mash, Eric J.; Barkley, Russell A. (eds.). Assessment of Childhood Disorders (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. pp. 305–343. ISBN 978-1593854935.
  39. ^ Handen, B.L. (2007). "Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation)". In Mash, Eric J.; Barkley, Russell A. (eds.). Assessment of Childhood Disorders (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. pp. 551–597. ISBN 978-1593854935.
  40. ^ Mash, E.J. (2007). "Assessment of Child and Family Disturbance: A Developmental-Systems Approach". In Mash, Eric J.; Barkley, Russell A. (eds.). Assessment of Childhood Disorders (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. pp. 3–52. ISBN 978-1593854935.
  41. ^ McDonell, M.G.; McClellan, J. (2007). "Early-onset schizophrenia". In Mash, Eric J.; Barkley, Russell A. (eds.). Assessment of Childhood Disorders (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. pp. 526–550. ISBN 978-1593854935.
  42. ^ McMahon, R.J.; Frick, P.J. (2007). "Conduct and Oppositional Disorders". In Mash, Eric J.; Barkley, Russell A. (eds.). Assessment of Childhood Disorders (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. pp. 132–183. ISBN 978-1593854935.
  43. ^ Ozonoff, S.; Goodlin-Jones, B.L.; Solomon, M. (2007). "Autism Spectrum Disorder". In Mash, Eric J.; Barkley, Russell A. (eds.). Assessment of Childhood Disorders (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. pp. 487–525. ISBN 978-1593854935.
  44. ^ Rudolph, K.D.; Lambert, S.F. (2007). "Child and Adolescent Depression". In Mash, Eric J.; Barkley, Russell A. (eds.). Assessment of Childhood Disorders (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. pp. 213–252. ISBN 978-1593854935.
  45. ^ Shiner, R.L. (2007). "Personality Disorders". In Mash, Eric J.; Barkley, Russell A. (eds.). Assessment of Childhood Disorders (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. pp. 781–816. ISBN 978-1593854935.
  46. ^ Smith, B.H.; Barkley, R.A.; Shapiro, C.J. (2007). "Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder". In Mash, Eric J.; Barkley, Russell A. (eds.). Assessment of Childhood Disorders (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. pp. 53–131. ISBN 978-1593854935.
  47. ^ Southam-Gerow, M.A.; Chorpita, B.F. (2007). "Anxiety in Children and Adolescents". In Mash, Eric J.; Barkley, Russell A. (eds.). Assessment of Childhood Disorders (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. pp. 347–398. ISBN 978-1593854935.
  48. ^ Speece, D.L.; Hines, S.J. (2007). "Learning Disabilities". In Mash, Eric J.; Barkley, Russell A. (eds.). Assessment of Childhood Disorders (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. pp. 598–635. ISBN 978-1593854935.
  49. ^ Stice, E.; Peterson, C.B. (2007). "Eating Disorders". In Mash, Eric J.; Barkley, Russell A. (eds.). Assessment of Childhood Disorders (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. pp. 751–780. ISBN 978-1593854935.
  50. ^ Winters, K.C.; Fahnhorst, T.; Botzet, A. (2007). "Adolescent Substance and Abuse". In Mash, Eric J.; Barkley, Russell A. (eds.). Assessment of Childhood Disorders (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. pp. 184–209. ISBN 978-1593854935.
  51. ^ Wolfe, V.V. (2007). "Child Sexual Abuse". In Mash, Eric J.; Barkley, Russell A. (eds.). Assessment of Childhood Disorders (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. pp. 685–748. ISBN 978-1593854935.
  52. ^ Youngstrom, Eric A. (2007). "Child Abuse and Neglect". In Mash, Eric J.; Barkley, Russell A. (eds.). Assessment of Childhood Disorders (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. pp. 253–304. ISBN 978-1593854935.
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