VLS-1

For the naval missile-firing system, see Vertical launching system.

VLS-1
Veículo Lançador de Satélites

VLS launch
Function	Orbital launch vehicle
Manufacturer	CTA
Country of origin	Brazil
Size
Height	19.5 m (63.9 ft)
Diameter	1.01 m (3.31 ft)
Mass	50,700 kg (111,700 lb)
Stages	3
Capacity
Payload to LEO	380 kg (830 lb)
Launch history
Status	Active
Launch sites	Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara
Total launches	2
Failures	2
First flight	2 November 1997
Boosters (Stage 0) - S-43
No. boosters	4
Engines	1 Solid
Thrust	303 kN (68,100 lbf )
Specific impulse	225 s (2.21 kN·s/kg)
Burn time	59 seconds
Fuel	Solid
First stage - S-43TM
Engines	1 Solid
Thrust	320.6 kN (72,074 lbf)
Specific impulse	277 s (2.72 kN·s/kg)
Burn time	58 seconds
Fuel	Solid
Second stage - S-40TM
Engines	1 Solid
Thrust	208.39 kN (46,848 lbf)
Specific impulse	275 s (2.70 kN·s/kg)
Burn time	56 seconds
Fuel	Solid
Third stage - S-44
Engines	1 Solid
Thrust	33.24 kN (7,473 lbf)
Specific impulse	282 s (2.77 kN·s/kg)
Burn time	68 seconds
Fuel	Solid

The VLS-1 (Portuguese: Veículo Lançador de Satélites) is the Brazilian Space Agency's main satellite launch vehicle. The launch vehicle will be capable of launching satellites into orbit. The launch site is located at the Alcântara Launch Center due its proximity to the equator.

Associated vehicles include the Sonda I, Sonda II, Sonda III and Sonda IV, the VS-30, VS-40 and VSB-30.

History

VLS-1 development started in 1984, after the first launch of the Sonda IV rocket. To date, three prototypes have been built and two launches attempted, departing from the Alcântara Launch Center. During the V1 and V2 prototype launches (VLS-1 V1 and VLS-1 V2) technical problems prevented mission success, but allowed the testing of several vehicle components. The V3 prototype exploded on the launch pad on 22 August 2003, two days before to its intended launch date. The 2003 Alcântara VLS accident caused a considerable setback to the Brazilian space program.

The V4 prototype is currently under development and expected to be launched in 2013.

VLS-1 schedule

Initial flight test schedule

#	Photo	Vehicle	Payload	Date	Place	Result
1		VLS-R1 VLS-R1	-	1985 December 1	CLA	Failure, apogee of 10 km.
2		VLS-R1 VLS-R2	-	1989 May 18	CLA	Apogee of 50 km.
3		VLS-1 V1	SCD-2A	1997 December 2	CLA	in flight failure
4		VLS-1 V2	SACI 2	1999 December 11	CLA	in flight failure
5		VLS-1 V3	SATEC	2003	CLA	pad explosion on 2003 August 22

Current schedule

The V04 prototype was originally scheduled for launch in 2006. Further testing has resumed in 2008. Current VLS-1 schedule is as follows:

#	Photo	Vehicle	Payload	Date	Place	Result
1		mockup	electrical tests with a mockup rocket	2011	CLA	-
2		VLS-1 XVT-01 VSISNAV	only first two stages active	2013	CLA	-
3		VLS–1 XVT-02	complete rocket test	2014	CLA	-
4		VLS-1 V-04	satellite launch	2015	CLA	-

VLS Configurations

VLS-R1

The VLS-R1 test vehicle had two stages, arranged in the following configuration:

• Stage 1 - four S-20 rocket engines
• Stage 2 - one dummy S-20 rocket engine

VLS-R2

The VLS-R2 test vehicle had two stages, arranged in the following configuration:

• Stage 1 - four S-20 rocket engines
• Stage 2 - one S-20 rocket engine

VLS-XVI 01

The VLS-XVI 01 sub-orbital test vehicle has three solid fuel rocket stages and boosters, arranged in the following configuration:

• Stage 0 - four S-43 rocket engines
• Stage 1 - one S-43TM rocket engine
• Stage 2 - dummy S-40TM rocket engine
• Stage 3 - dummy S-44 rocket engine

The VLS-1 has three solid fuel rocket stages and boosters, arranged in the following configuration:

• Stage 0 - four S-43 rocket engines
• Stage 1 - one S-43TM rocket engine
• Stage 2 - one S-40TM rocket engine
• Stage 3 - one S-44 rocket engine

The rocket has four 400N RCS jets, located on the top of the third stage.

Developments

VLM

Main article: VLM (rocket)

Also, the VLM (Veículo Lançador de Microssatélites) based on the S50 rocket engine is being studied, with the objective of orbiting satellites up to 150 kg in circular orbits ranging from 250 to 700 km. A first three stage version is expected to launch the "Shefex 3" mission in 2015.

"Cruzeiro do Sul" (Southern Cross) program

VLS ALFA

In the framework of the proposed "Cruzeiro do Sul" (Southern Cross) program, the VLS-1 rocket is the basis of the VLS ALFA project.

L5 rocket based configuration - three stage rocket, with the upper stage being liquid fuel, putting 200 to 400 kg satellites into low equatorial orbits:

• Stage 0 - four S-43 rocket engines
• Stage 1 - one S-43TM rocket engine
• Stage 2 - one S-40TM rocket engine
• Stage 3 - one L5 rocket engine

L75 rocket based configuration - two stage rocket, with the upper stage being liquid fuel, putting 500 kg satellites equatorial orbits up to 750km:

• Stage 0 - four S-43 rocket engines
• Stage 1 - one S-43TM rocket engine
• Stage 2 - one L75 rocket engine

#	Photo	Vehicle	Payload	Date	Place	Result
1		VLS Alfa XVT-01	-	2015	-	-
2		VLS Alfa XVT-02	-	2016	-	-
3		VLS Alfa V-01	-	2017	-	-
4		VLS Alfa V-02	SARA Orbital	2018	-	-
5		VLS Alfa V-03	-	2020	-	-

VLS BETA

The VLS BETA is another related project, intended to lift up to 800 kg payloads to a 800 km equatorial orbit.

Three stage rocket, with the upper two stages being liquid fuel.

• Stage 1 - one P40 solid rocket engine
• Stage 2 - four L75 rocket engines
• Stage 2 - one L75 rocket engine

Projected flights are:

#	Photo	Vehicle	Payload	Date	Place	Result
1		VLS Beta XVT-01	-	2018	-	-
2		VLS Beta XVT-02	-	2019	-	-
3		VLS Beta V-01	-	2020	-	-

VLS GAMA

The VLS GAMA is intended to carry up to 1000 kg payloads to a 800 km polar orbit. Three stage liquid fuel rocket.

VLS DELTA

The VLS DELTA is capable of placing 2000 kg payloads in a geostationary orbit. Three stage liquid fuel rocket (VLS BETA body) with two solid fuel boosters.

VLS EPSILON

The VLS EPSILON is capable of placing 4000 kg payloads in a geostationary orbit. Three stage liquid fuel rocket (VLS BETA body) with two liquid fuel boosters.

Gallery

• 

  Engine

• 

  Engine test

See also

• Comparison of orbital launchers families

External links

• Brazil hopes to launch satellite rocket in 2011
• Atualizações sobre o Projeto do VLS
• VLS terá teste em Setembro