Verbenaceae
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Verbenaceae | |
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| Flowers, fruit and (right) leaves of a Lantana cultivar |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Verbenaceae Jaume Saint-Hilaire[1] |
| Genera | |
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About 35 (see text) |
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| Synonyms | |
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Durantaceae J.Agardh |
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Verbenaceae, commonly known as the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell.[2]
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Recent phylogenetic studies[3] have shown that numerous genera traditionally classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae. The new narrowly circumscribed Verbenaceae family includes some 35 genera and 1,200 species.[4][5] The mangrove genus Avicennia, sometimes placed in Verbenaceae[6] or in its own family, Avicenniaceae,[7] has rather confidently been placed in Acanthaceae.[4]
Economically important Verbenaceae include:
- Lemon Verbena (Aloysia triphylla), grown for aroma or flavoring
- Verbenas or vervains (Verbena), some used in herbalism, others grown in gardens
[edit] Genera
The genera in the new narrowly circumscribed family:[8]
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[edit] Excluded genera
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[edit] References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Verbenaceae |
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Wikispecies has information related to: Verbenaceae |
- ^ a b "Family: Verbenaceae J. St.-Hil., nom. cons.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-04-12. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?1176. Retrieved 2011-10-10.
- ^ Stevens, P.F. (2001-): Angiosperm Phylogeny Website - Verbenaceae. Version 9, June 2008.
- ^ Cantino, P.D., Harley, R.M. & Wagstaff, S.J. 1992. Genera of Labiatae: status and classification. Pp. 511-522. In Harley, R.M. & Reynolds, T. (eds) Advances in Labiate Science. Richmond, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ a b "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website - Lamiales". Missouri Botanical Garden. http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/APweb/orders/lamialesweb.htm#Lamiales.
- ^ Heywood, V.H., Brummitt, R.K., Culham, A. & Seberg, O. 2007: Flowering Plant Families of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ Grandtner, Miroslav M. (2005). Elsevier's Dictionary of Trees: With Names in Latin, English, French, Spanish and Other Languages. 1. Elsevier. p. 88. ISBN 9780444517845. http://books.google.com/books?id=yjc5ZYWtkNAC.
- ^ Nelson, Gil (1994). The Trees of Florida: a Reference and Field Guide. Pineapple Press Inc. p. 52. ISBN 9781561640553. http://books.google.com/books?id=Wzmo7cHvhZkC.
- ^ "GRIN Genera of Verbenaceae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?1176. Retrieved 2011-10-10.
- ^ "GRIN genera sometimes placed in Verbenaceae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnothlist.pl?1176. Retrieved 2011-10-10.
