Vibrio harveyi
| Vibrio harveyi | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Proteobacteria |
| Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Vibrionales |
| Family: | Vibrionaceae |
| Genus: | Vibrio |
| Species: | V. harveyi |
| Binomial name | |
| Vibrio harveyi (Johnson and Shunk 1936) Baumann et al. 1981 |
|
| Synonyms | |
|
Beneckea harveyi (Johnson and Shunk 1936) Reichelt and Baumann 1973 |
|
Vibrio harveyi is a species of Gram-negative, bioluminescent, marine bacteria in the genus Vibrio. V. harveyi are rod-shaped, motile (via polar flagella), facultatively anaerobic, halophilic, and competent for both fermentative and respiratory metabolism. They do not grow at 4°C or above 35°C. V. harveyi can be found free-swimming in tropical marine waters, commensally in the gut microflora of marine animals, and as both a primary and opportunistic pathogen of marine animals, including Gorgonian corals, oysters, prawns, lobsters, the common snook, barramundi, turbot, milkfish, and seahorses.[1] V. harveyi is responsible for luminous vibriosis, a disease that affects commercially-farmed penaeid prawns.[2] Additionally, based on samples taken by ocean-going ships, V. harveyi is thought to be the cause of the milky seas effect, in which, during the night, a uniform blue glow is emitted from the seawater. Some glows can cover nearly 6,000 square miles (16,000 km2).
[edit] Quorum sensing
Groups of V. harveyi bacteria communicate via quorum sensing to coordinate the production of bioluminescense and virulence factors. Quorum sensing was first studied in Vibrio fischeri, a marine bacterium that uses a synthase (LuxI) to produce a species-specific autoinducer (AI) that binds a cognate receptor (LuxR) that regulates changes in expression. Coined "LuxI/R" quorum sensing, these systems have been identified in many other species of Gram-negative bacteria.[3] Despite its relatedness to V. fischeri, V. harveyi lacks a LuxI/R quorum sensing system, and instead employs a hybrid quorum-sensing circuit, detecting its AI via a membrane-bound histidine kinase and using a phosphorelay to convert information about the population size to changes in gene expression.[4] Since their identification in V. harveyi, such hybrid systems have been identified in many other bacterial species. It was also discovered that V. harveyi uses a second AI, termed autoinducer-2 or AI-2, which is unusual because it is made and detected by a variety of different bacteria, both Gram-negative and Gram-positive.[5][6][7] Thus, V. harveyi has been instrumental to our understanding and appreciation of interspecies bacterial communication.
[edit] References
- ^ Owens, Leigh; Busico-Salcedo, Nancy (2006). "Vibrio harveyi: Pretty Problems in Paradise (Chapter 19)". In Thompson, Fabiano; Austin, Brian; Swings, Jean. The Biology of Vibrios. ASM Press.
- ^ Austin B & Zhang X-H (2006). "Vibrio harveyi: a significant pathogen of marine vertebrates and invertebrates". Letters in Applied Microbiology 43 (2): 119–214. doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.01989.x. PMID 16869892.
- ^ Waters CM, Bassler BL (2005). "Quorum Sensing: Cell-to-Cell Communication in Bacteria". Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 21: 319–346. doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.012704.131001. PMID 16212498.
- ^ Bassler BL, Wright M, Showalter RE, Silverman MR (1993). "Intercellular signalling in Vibrio harveyi: sequence and function of genes regulating expression of luminescence". Molecular Microbiology 9 (4): 773–786. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01737.x. PMID 8231809.
- ^ Surette MG, Miller MB, Bassler BL (1999). "Quorum sensing in Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Vibrio harveyi: a new family of genes responsible for autoinducer production". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96 (4): 1639–44. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.4.1639. PMC 15544. PMID 9990077. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=15544.
- ^ Schauder S, Shokat K, Surette MG, Bassler BL (2001). "The LuxS family of bacterial autoinducers: biosynthesis of a novel quorum-sensing signal molecule". Molecular Microbiology 41 (2): 463–476. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02532.x. PMID 11489131.
- ^ Chen X, Schauder S, Potier N, Van Dorsselaer A, Pelczer I, Bassler BL, Hughson FM (2002). "Structural identification of a bacterial quorum-sensing signal containing boron". Nature 415 (6871): 545–549. doi:10.1038/415545a. PMID 11823863.
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