Vietnamese Braille

Vietnamese Braille is a Braille system adapted to the Vietnamese alphabet. Basic Latin letters use the same Braille cells as English; however, the system includes additional characters for special letters and tones. Vietnamese Braille is known in Vietnamese as chữ nổi, literally "raised letters", while Braille electronic displays are called màn hình chữ nổi.

Added symbols

Letters

Type 1

• 

  a, 1

• 

  b, 1-2

• 

  c, 1-4

• 

  d, 1-4-5

• 

  e, 1-5

• 

  f, 1-2-4

• 

  g, 1-2-4-5

• 

  h, 1-2-5

• 

  i, 2-5

• 

  j, 2-4-5

Type 2

• 

  k, 1-3

• 

  l, 1-2-3

• 

  m, 1-3-4

• 

  n, 1-3-4-5

• 

  o, 1-3-5 (like >)

• 

  p, 1-2-3-4

• 

  q, 1-2-3-4-5

• 

  r, 1-2-3-5

• 

  s, 2-3-4

• 

  t, 2-3-4-5

Type 3

• 

  u, 1-3-6

• 

  v, 1-2-3-6

• 

  x, 1-3-4-6

• 

  y, 1-3-4-5-6

• 

  z, 1-3-5-6

Special type

• 

  đ, 2-3-4-6

• 

  w, 2-4-5-6

• 

  ă, 3-4-5 (like ))

• 

  ê, 1-2-6 (like ()

• 

  ô, 1-4-5-6

• 

  ơ, 2-4-6 (like œ, ö and <)

• 

  ư, 1-2-5-6 (like ü)

• 

  Capital sign, 4-6

• 

  Number sign, 3-4-5-6

Punctuation marks

Literature and tone marks

• 

  -, 3-6

• 

  (, 1-2-6 (like ê)

• 

  ), 3-4-5 (like ă)

• 

  Quote open, 2-3-6

• 

  Quote close, 2-5-6

• 

  full stop, dot (.), 2-3 (like Quote close)

• 

  colon (:), 2-5

• 

  semicolon (;), 2-3

• 

  comma (,), 2

• 

  exclamation mark (!), 2-3-5 (like +)

• 

  question mark (?), 2-4-6 (like hook)

• 

  acute accent (´), 3-5 (like asterisk "'")

• 

  grave accent (`), 1-2-6 (like ()

• 

  hook, 2-4-6 (like œ, ö and <)

• 

  tilde (~), 3-6 (like hyphen)

• 

  dot below, 6

• 

  Number sign, 3-4-5-6

Mathematics

• 

  addition (+), 2-3-5 (like !)

• 

  subtraction (-), 3-6 (like hyphen "-"

• 

  multiplying (x or *), 2-3-6 (like Quote Open)

• 

  division (:, 3-4-5 (like ))

• 

  equals sign (=), 2-3-5-6

• 

  strict inequality (<, 2-4-6 (like œ, ö and ơ)

• 

  proper inequality (>), 1-3-5 (like o)

• 

  Capital sign, 4-6

• 

  Number sign, 3-4-5-6

• Notes:

^1 Only use 4 points: 1, 2, 4 & 5.
^2 Use all dots, but 6.
^3 Use all dots. ^4 Tone marks stand before letter(s).

Example

• One braille for each letter.
• Tones are represented right before vowels.

 Example
   Màn         hình        chữ        nổi.
  
  ⠨⠍⠰⠁⠝ ⠓⠰⠊⠝⠓ ⠉⠓⠤⠳ ⠝⠢⠹⠊⠲