Vinnytsia

Vinnytsia
Vinnytsia; Вінниця
	Vinnytsia's old water tower (now the War Veteran's Museum)
; Flag	; Coat of arms
	Map of Ukraine with Vinnytsia highlighted.
	Coordinates: 49°14′0″N 28°29′0″E / 49.23333°N 28.48333°ECoordinates: 49°14′0″N 28°29′0″E / 49.23333°N 28.48333°E
Country; Oblast; Raion	Ukraine; Vinnytsia Oblast; Vinnytsia City Municipality
Founded	1363
Government
• Head of City; Council	Volodymyr Borysovych Groysman
Area
• Total	79.94 km2 (30.87 sq mi)
Population
• Total	370,100
• Density	5,066/km2 (13,120/sq mi)
Postal code	21000-
Area code(s)	+380 43
Sister cities	Birmingham, Kielce, Peterborough, Rîbniţa (Rybnytsia)
Website	www.vmr.gov.ua

Vinnytsia (Ukrainian: Ві́нниця, pronounced [ˈwinːɪt͡sʲɑ]; also known by other names) is a city located on the banks of the Southern Bug, in central Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Vinnytsia Oblast.

Names[edit]

Vinnytsia is also known by a variety of other names, such as Vinnytsya, Vinnitsa (Russian: Ви́нница), Vinnica (Polish: Winnica), German: Winniza, and Romanian: Vinniţa.

Geography[edit]

Vinnytsia is located about 260 km (160 mi) west of the Ukrainian capital, Kyiv, 429 km (267 mi) north of the port city Odessa, and 369 km (229 mi) from Lviv.

It is the administrative center of the Vinnytsia Oblast (province), as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Vinnytskyi Raion (district) within the oblast. The city itself is also designated as its own separate raion within the oblast, and rests in the historic region of Podillia.

The current estimated population is 370,100.

Climate[edit]

A long lasting warm summer with a sufficient quantity of moisture and a comparatively short winter is characteristic of Vinnytsia. The average temperature in January is −5.8 °C (21.6 °F) and 18.3 °C (64.9 °F) in July. The average annual precipitation is 638 mm (25 in).

Throughout the year, 6–9 days per year include snowstorms, 37–60 days of the year include mists during the cold period, and 3–5 days include thunder storms with hail.

Climate data for Vinnytsia
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	11.6 (52.9)	17.3 (63.1)	22.3 (72.1)	29.4 (84.9)	32.2 (90)	35.0 (95)	37.8 (100)	36.5 (97.7)	31.5 (88.7)	28.6 (83.5)	19.9 (67.8)	15.4 (59.7)	37.8 (100)
Average high °C (°F)	−1.4 (29.5)	−0.3 (31.5)	5.2 (41.4)	13.4 (56.1)	20.1 (68.2)	22.7 (72.9)	24.8 (76.6)	24.3 (75.7)	18.7 (65.7)	12.4 (54.3)	4.7 (40.5)	−0.4 (31.3)	12.0 (53.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−4.1 (24.6)	−3.3 (26.1)	1.2 (34.2)	8.3 (46.9)	14.5 (58.1)	17.4 (63.3)	19.2 (66.6)	18.6 (65.5)	13.4 (56.1)	7.8 (46)	1.7 (35.1)	−2.8 (27)	7.7 (45.9)
Average low °C (°F)	−6.7 (19.9)	−6.1 (21)	−2.2 (28)	3.7 (38.7)	9.1 (48.4)	12.3 (54.1)	14.1 (57.4)	13.4 (56.1)	8.9 (48)	4.0 (39.2)	−0.8 (30.6)	−5.2 (22.6)	3.7 (38.7)
Record low °C (°F)	−35.5 (−31.9)	−33.6 (−28.5)	−24.2 (−11.6)	−12.7 (9.1)	−2.8 (27)	2.5 (36.5)	5.2 (41.4)	1.5 (34.7)	−4.5 (23.9)	−11.4 (11.5)	−24.6 (−12.3)	−27.2 (−17)	−35.5 (−31.9)
Precipitation mm (inches)	29 (1.14)	28 (1.1)	30 (1.18)	45 (1.77)	50 (1.97)	94 (3.7)	83 (3.27)	66 (2.6)	64 (2.52)	30 (1.18)	37 (1.46)	35 (1.38)	591 (23.27)
Avg. rainy days	7	6	9	13	14	15	15	11	12	11	12	9	134
Mean monthly sunshine hours	58.9	70.6	114.7	171.0	248.0	255.0	266.6	260.4	195.0	133.3	57.0	40.3	1,870.8
Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net^[1]
Source #2: Hong Kong Observatory.^[2]

History[edit]

Vinnytsia has been an important trade and political center since the fourteenth century, when Fedir Koriatowicz, the nephew of the Lithuanian Duke Olgerd, built a fortress (1363) against Tatar raiders on the banks of the Southern Bug. From that time on, the town became a factor in ongoing disputes between Lithuania, Tatars (who burnt the fortress in 1580), Poland, Turkey (which ruled the city and region from 1672 to 1699), Cossacks and eventually Russia, which annexed the city and region following the Second Partition of Poland in 1793. Russia moved to expunge the Roman Catholic religion – Catholic churches in the city (including what is now the Transfiguration Cathedral) were converted to Russian Orthodox churches.

Victim's graves from the Vinnytsia massacre during the Stalinist repression of 1937–1938 were exhumed by the invading Germans in 1943.

Adolf Hitler sited his easternmost headquarters Führerhauptquartier Werwolf near the town and spent a number of weeks there in 1942 and early 1943.

Nazi atrocities were committed in and near Vinnytsia by Einsatzgruppe D. Estimates of the number of victims run as high as 28,000. This included the virtual extinction of the town's large Jewish population. One infamous photo, The Last Jew of Vinnytsia, shows a member of Einsatzgruppe D about to execute a Jew kneeling before a mass grave.^[3] The text The Last Jew of Vinnytsia was written on the back of the photograph, which was found in a photo album belonging to a German soldier.

Constructions[edit]

Mansion-museum of Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov.

Roshen Fountain^[4] is the only one in Ukraine and the largest floating fountain in Europe, built in the river Southern Buh in Vinnytsia City near Festivalny Isle (Campa Isle)

TV Tower Vinnytsia
Baptist Church – Vinnytsia is home to what is reportedly one of the largest Evangelical Church Buildings in all of Europe.
Afghan War Museum and Slavic War Memorial Park – The Afghan War Museum is located in the red-brick bell tower. Exhibits include photos, letters and other artifacts representing Vinnytsia soldiers who fought in that war. The Memorial Park contains a large statue representing three different soldiers from World War II. An eternal flame burns in front of the statue.

Transport[edit]

Air[edit]

Havryshivka International Airport (IATA: VIN, ICAO: UKWW) is situated in Vinnytsia.^[5]^[6] Since the end of World War II, Vinnytsia has been the home for major Soviet Air Forces base, including an airfield, a hospital, arsenals, and other military installations. The headquarters of the 43rd Rocket Army of the Strategic Rocket Forces was stationed in Vinnytsia from 1960 to the early 1990s.^[7] The 2nd Independent Heavy Bomber Aviation Corps, which later became 24th Air Army, was also stationed in Vinnitsa from 1960 to 1992. The Ukrainian Air Force Command has been based in Vinnytsia since 1992.

Notable people from Vinnytsia[edit]

Nathan Altman (1889–1970) – avant-garde artist
Nataliya Dobrynska (b. 1982) – Ukrainian heptathlete. She won the gold medal at the 2008 Beijing Olympics.
Pavlo Khnykin (b. 1969) – famous freestyle swimmer. He won two silver medals in the men's 4x100m freestyle and 4x100 m medley relays at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
Victoria Koblenko (b. 1980) - Dutch actress.
Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky (1864–1913) – Ukrainian author of novels and short stories. His home is a museum.
Volodymyr Kozhukhar (b. 1941) – conductor
Mykola Leontovych (1877–1921) - Ukrainian composer who worked here
Alexander Lerner (1913–2004) – Soviet-Israeli cyberneticist and dissident.
Illya Nyzhnyk (b. 1996) – young and promising chess player
Oleh Ostapenko (b. 1977) – football goalkeeper in FC Vorskla Poltava
Nikolai Pirogov (1810–1881) – Russian doctor who retired here. He is considered to be the founder of field surgery. His home is a museum and his chapel tomb is open to visitors.
Oleh Ryabokon (b. 1973) – lawyer and politician
Dmytro Shurov (b. 1981) – pianist in Esthetic Education
Artur Voitetskyi (1928–1993) – film director
Oleg V. Khlevniuk (b. 1959) — senior researcher at the State Archive of the Russian Federation