Viral tegument
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2009) |
A viral tegument or tegument, more commonly known as a viral matrix, is a cluster of proteins that lines the space between the envelope and nucleocapsid of all herpesviruses.[1][2] The tegument generally contains proteins that aid in viral DNA replication and evasion of the immune response, typically with inhibition of signalling in the immune system and activation of interferons. The tegument is usually[citation needed] released shortly after infection into the cytoplasm. These proteins are usually[citation needed] formed within the late phase of the viral infectious cycle, after viral genes have been replicated. Much information regarding viral teguments has been gathered from studying Herpes simplex virus.[3]
[edit] Properties of teguments
Viral teguments can be symmetrically arranged via structural and scaffolding protein or can also be asymmetrically arranged, depending on the virus.[citation needed] Teguments are rarely[citation needed] haphazardly placed and usually involve scaffolding proteins in their formation around the nucleocapsid. Non-essential proteins included in the tegument may aid in immune response suppression, suppression of host mRNA transcription or suppression of intrinsic or cellular defenses. Essential proteins will include factors that help in either recruiting host transcription or translation factors, or directly transcribing or translating viral genes. Tegumental contents are released into the cytoplasm upon entrance into the cell upon which many[citation needed] tegumental proteins become active. The tegument may also aid in insertion of the viral genome into host cell cytoplasm or nucleus.
[edit] Viruses containing teguments
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This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2011) |
Teguments are generally in enveloped viruses which have nucleocapsids, as tegument proteins cannot be stored in an efficient fashion in capsid-only viruses. Many DNA viruses also have teguments because DNA viruses often need to package their own proteases and polymerases to begin viral transcription. The best studied examples are the Herpesvirus family, in which the tegument is most prominent.
[edit] References
- ^ http://www.uniprot.org/keywords/920
- ^ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1047847711000712
- ^ Mchamstien, Hamm Y.; Mable Mchamstien, and Brian J. Yeung (April 2007). "Herpes Simplex Virus Tegument Protein V1 Elucidation and Formation Around the Nucleocapsid". Journal of Virology (American Society for Microbiology) 28 (2): 1262–1274.
- Kydd, JH; et al. (2006). "A molecular approach to the identification of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes with Equine Herpes-1". Journal of General Virology 87 (Pt 9): 2507–2515. doi:10.1099/vir.0.82070-0. PMID 16894188.
