Visual culture

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Visual culture as an academic subject is a field of study that generally includes some combination of cultural studies, art history, critical theory, philosophy, and anthropology, by focusing on aspects of culture that rely on visual images. Among theorists working within contemporary culture, this often overlaps with film studies, psychoanalytic theory, gender studies, queer theory, and the study of television; it can also include video game studies, comics, traditional artistic media, advertising, the Internet, and any other medium that has a crucial visual component. Because of the changing technological aspects of visual culture as well as a scientific method-derived desire to create taxonomies or articulate what the "visual" is, many aspects of Visual Culture overlap with the study of science and technology, including hybrid electronic media, cognitive science, neurology, and image and brain theory. It also may overlap with another emerging field, that of "Performance Studies." "Visual Culture" goes by a variety of names at different institutions, including Visual and Critical Studies, Visual and Cultural Studies, and Visual Studies.

Early work on visual culture has been done by John Berger (Ways of Seeing, 1972) and Laura Mulvey (Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema, 1975) that follows on from Jacques Lacan's theorization of the unconscious gaze. Late nineteenth-century practitioners of visual knowledge, such as Georgy Kepes and William Ivins, as well as iconic phenomenologists like Maurice Merleau-Ponty also played a role creating a foundation for the discipline.

Major work on visual culture has been done by W. J. T. Mitchell, particularly in his books Iconology and Picture Theory and by the art historian and cultural theorist Griselda Pollock. Other writers important to visual culture include Stuart Hall, Jean-François Lyotard, Rosalind Krauss and Slavoj Zizek. Continuing work has been done by Lisa Cartwright, Margarita Dikovitskaya, Chris Jencks, Nicholas Mirzoeff and Gail Finney. Visual Culture studies have been increasingly important in religious studies through the work of David Morgan, Sally Promey, Jeffrey F. Hamburger, and S. Brent Plate.

Contents 1 Where to Study 2 See also 3 Further reading (Books) 4 External links

[edit] Where to Study

Several major universities now either house or are developing graduate programs in Visual Culture/Visual Studies. They include:

UK

• Coventry University
• Goldsmiths, University of London
• Kingston University
• Middlesex University
• University College, London
• University of East London
• University of Oxford's Centre for Visual Studies' and an MSt in the History of Art and Visual Culture.

USA

• California College of the Arts
• Cornell University (undergraduate only)
• Duke University's interdisciplinary Visual Studies Initiative forms collaborations between the humanities, the sciences, social sciences, and engineering.
• Grand Valley State University (undergraduate only)
• New York University
• Northern Illinois University
• The School of the Art Institute of Chicago offers both undergraduate and graduate degrees in Visual and Critical Studies, in which academic writing coexists with artistic production as a legitimate mode of research. They are currently working on developing a PhD in Visual and Critical Studies with a similar interdisciplinary structure. (MA only, not PhD)
• State University of New York, Buffalo(MFA program)
• University of California, Irvine
• University of California, San Diego
• University of California, Santa Cruz (Ph.D.)
• University of Pennsylvania (undergraduate only)
• University of Rochester
• University of Southern California
• University of Wisconsin, Madison

China

• Chinese University of Hong Kong

Finland

• University of Art and Design Helsinki, Pori Department of Art and Media

Denmark

• University of Copenhagen

Portugal

• University of Lisbon

Ireland

• The University of Limerick offers undergraduate students the option to study modules in visual cultural studies, as part of the Languages and Cultural Studies graduate programme.

[edit] See also

• Art education
• Art history
• Asemic writing
• Media influence
• Mediascape
• Visual anthropology
• Visual rhetoric
• Visual literacy
• Visual arts
• Visual ethics
• Gaze
• Sublime
• Visual Culture Caucus
• Visual sociology
• Visual Studies
• Visual communication

[edit] Further reading (Books)

• Dikovitskaya, Margaret (2005 (cloth), 2006 (paperback)). Visual Culture: The Study of the Visual after the Cultural Turn (1st ed. ed.). Cambridge, Ma: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-04224-X. 
• Stuart Ewen (1988 (cloth), 1999 (revised paperback)). All Consuming Images: The Politics of Style in Contemporary Culture (1st ed. ed.). New York, NY: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0465001019. 
• Fuery, Kelli & Patrick Fuery (2003). Visual Culture and Critical Theory (1st ed. ed.). London: Arnold Publisher. ISBN 0340807482. 
• Jay, Martin (ed.), 'The State of Visual Culture Studies', themed issue of Journal of Visual Culture, vol.4, no.2, August 2005, London: Sage. ISSN 14704129. eISSN 17412994
• Mirzoeff, Nicholas (1999). An Introduction to Visual Culture. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-15876-1. 
• Michael Ann, Holly & Moxey, Keith (2002). Art History, Aesthetics, Visual Studies (1st ed. ed.). Massachusetts: Clark Art Institute and Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09789-1. 
• Mirzoeff, Nicholas (ed.) (2002). The Visual Culture Reader (2nd ed. ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-25222-9. 
• Morra, Joanne & Smith, Marquard (eds.) (2006). Visual Culture: Critical Concepts in Media and Cultural Studies, 4 vols. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-41-532641-9. 
• Plate, S. Brent, Religion, Art, and Visual Culture. (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002) ISBN 0-312-24029-5
• Smith, Marquard, 'Visual Culture Studies: Questions of History, Theory, and Practice' in Jones, Amelia (ed.) A Companion to Contemporary Art Since 1945, Oxford: Blackwell, 2006. ISBN 9781405135429
• Sturken, Marita; Lisa Cartwright (2007). Practices of Looking: An Introduction to Visual Culture (2nd ed. ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-531440-9. 
• Elkins, James (2003). Visual Studies: A Skeptical Introduction. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-41-596681-7. 
• Manghani, Sunil; Jon Simons, Arthur Piper (2006). Images: A Reader. London: Sage. ISBN 978-1412900454. 
• Manghani, Sunil (2008). Image Critique. London: Intellect Books. ISBN 978-1841501901. 

[edit] External links

• Journal of Visual Culture | Publisher's Website
• Visual Studies journal
• Kenyan Art Gallery
• viz.: Rhetoric, Visual Culture, Pedagogy
• William Blake and Visual Culture: A Special Issue of the Journal Imagetext
• Material collection from Introduction to Media Theory and Visual Culture, by Professor Martin Irvine
• Visual Culture Collective
• Duke University Visual Studies Initiative
• Visual Studies @ University of Houston
• International Visual Sociology Association
• Visual Studies @ University of California, Irvine
• Visual Studies @ University of California, Santa Cruz
• Interfaces: Studies in Visual Culture book series